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Three Youths Told Nebuchadnezzar That a Dog Was His Equal in Worship

The king had a verse ready. Their own God, he said, had told them to obey the crown. They offered him his taxes and kept their knees locked.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Valley Where Everyone Bowed
  2. The King Had a Verse Ready
  3. Taxes Yes, Knees No
  4. The Priest Who Had Sent Them There
  5. Clean Water, Later
Three Youths Told Nebuchadnezzar That a Dog Was His Equal in Worship Click for full size

The Valley Where Everyone Bowed

The horns went off across the plain and the whole valley folded at once. Satraps, treasurers, judges, the men who counted grain for provinces, all of them down in the dust with their foreheads on the ground in front of a gold figure taller than the trees.

Three men stayed standing. Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah had been carried out of Judah as boys and given Babylonian names at the palace door, and now they stood in a field of bent backs where anyone with eyes could count them.

The guards did not have to hunt for them. They only had to look for the vertical.

The King Had a Verse Ready

Nebuchadnezzar did not open with the furnace. He opened with an argument, which was worse.

Is it true, he said, using the court names he had hung on them. Yesterday, when a man anywhere in the world wanted an idol worth having, where did he go? To Jerusalem. Your city sold the nations their gods. Now you come here to sneer at mine?

Then he reached for their own scriptures, and his hand did not shake. Did your God not tell you to obey the kingdom in everything the kingdom says? Keep the king's command. Your Solomon wrote that. I am the king.

It was the trap in the room. Not the fire. The fire was only heat, and heat kills a body once. The verse was aimed at the part of them that had crossed a desert in chains and still believed the words they had carried were on their side.

Taxes Yes, Knees No

They did not spend long on it.

You are king over us, they said, for the tax and for the levy on the land. Take both. Count them and take them. But when it comes to worship, Nebuchadnezzar and a dog are equal.

The court heard a king set beside a street animal and priced at the same figure. It was not an insult thrown in temper. It was a survey line. Everything on one side of it belonged to Babylon and they would hand it over without argument. Nothing on the other side was for sale, and the man on the throne had no more claim there than something scavenging in an alley.

Solomon had written a second line that the king had not quoted. Fear the LORD, my son, and the king, in that order, first and second, and never the second where the first has already spoken. Rabbi Isaac bar Eleazar of Caesarea put it as a pair of garments. What wisdom wears as a crown on the head, humility wears as a sandal on the foot, and the fear of heaven is both at once, the top of the one and the sole of the other.

We have no answer to give you in this matter, they told him. Our God can pull us out of your furnace. And if He does not, know this and write it down. We will not serve your gods.

The Priest Who Had Sent Them There

A priest had put them in that valley, though he never saw it.

Jeremiah came from the priestly houses of Anathoth, and the priest's work is to walk up to a diseased body, look at the sore, and say aloud what it is. He looked at Israel and pronounced the plague healed, and the healing he pronounced was Babylon. He emptied the city into the hands of the man who now owned these three. Purification of that kind does not feel like mercy while it is happening. It feels like being scoured.

The priest's rite calls for cedar wood, a thread of crimson, and hyssop, and for the whole bundle to go into the burning. Three young men went where the bundle goes.

They heated the mouth of the furnace until the soldiers who carried them up the ramp died on the ramp.

Clean Water, Later

Out of that heat came a promise that had nothing to do with the king listening downstairs.

In this world, God told them, your sins bring you suffering, and the suffering scrubs you clean, and then you sin and it starts again, furnace after furnace with no end to the cycle. In the world coming, no priest will do it and no exile will do it and no fire will do it. I will sprinkle clean water on you Myself, and you will be clean.

Nothing about that promise saved them from the floor they were walking on. It only told them what the floor was for.

As for the men who taught that two powers run the world and that a person may bow to one of them and stay whole, the prophet had already counted them out. Two parts of the earth cut off and gone. A third left standing. The third is Israel, who fears the LORD, and the king, and knows which is which.

In the valley the gold figure was still upright. So, when the door opened, were the three of them.


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The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Metzora 9:2Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Metzora

Translation of the source text.Midrash Tanchuma (Buber), Public Domain, on Sefaria · CC-BY-SA

"And the priest shall look" (Leviticus 14:3), this is Jeremiah, of whom it is said, "of the priests who were in Anathoth" (Jeremiah 1:1).

"And behold, the plague of leprosy is healed", that he exiled them to Babylon. After they had been exiled, Nebuchadnezzar said to them that they should bow down to the image, as it is said, "and whoever does not fall down and worship" (Daniel 3:6). They said to him, "We do not serve your god" (Daniel 3:18).

What did he do? "And the priest shall take cedar wood and crimson thread and hyssop" (compare Numbers 19:6), these are Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah; "and he shall cast them into the midst of the burning of the heifer", that he cast them into the fire, as it is said, "and they were thrown into the midst of the burning fiery furnace" (Daniel 3:21).

The Holy One, blessed be He, said to them: In this world, on account of your iniquities, you were being afflicted and purified, and again afflicted; but in the time to come, it is I who will purify you from above, as it is said, "And I will sprinkle clean water upon you, and you shall be clean; from all your uncleannesses and from all your idols I will purify you" (Ezekiel 36:25).

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Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Beha'alotcha 16:1Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Beha'alotcha

Translation of the source text.Midrash Tanchuma (Buber), Public Domain, on Sefaria · CC-BY-SA

Another interpretation [(of Numbers 10:2): "Make for yourself two silver trumpets."]. This is what Scripture says (Proverbs 24:21): "Fear the Lord, my son, and the king." Rabbi Isaac bar Eleazar of Caesarea said: What wisdom made into a crown for her head, humility made into a slipper for her foot. It is written (Psalms 111:10): "The beginning of wisdom is the fear of the Lord," and it is written there (Proverbs 22:4): "The heel of humility is the fear of the Lord." Therefore Solomon said: "Fear the Lord, my son, and the king." What is the meaning of "and the king"? Rather: make Him king over you. Another interpretation of "and the king": rule over the evil inclination, which is called a king, as it is said (Ecclesiastes 9:14): "And a great king came against it." Another interpretation of "and the king": [more] than the king; lest you suppose that if the king says to you, "Worship an idol," you should obey him, Scripture teaches (Proverbs 24:21): "Fear the Lord, my son." Thus, when Nebuchadnezzar told Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah to worship an idol, they did not obey him, but said to him (Daniel 3:18): "We will not serve your gods, and we will not bow to the golden image that you have set up." (Daniel 3:14:) "Is it true, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego?" [You are saying nonsense! Yesterday, whoever wished to acquire an idol for himself would go to Jerusalem, as it is said (Isaiah 10:10): "And their idols were from Jerusalem and from Samaria." And now you have come to mock my idol! "Is it true, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego?"] Did not the Holy One say to you that you should obey the kingdom in all that it tells you, as it is said (Ecclesiastes 8:2): "I keep the king's command"? They said to him: You are king over us for taxes and tributes, but as for worshiping an idol, Nebuchadnezzar and a dog are equal. Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego answered [and said to King Nebuchadnezzar] (Daniel 3:16-17): "We have no need to answer you in this matter; if our God [whom we serve] exists [He is able to deliver us]." They said: "Whether He delivers or does not deliver, be it known to you" (Daniel 3:18). Thus, "Fear the Lord, my son, and the king." "Do not associate with those who differ" (Proverbs 24:21): with those who say that there are two divine powers in the world, do not associate with them, for their end is to perish from the world, as it is said (Zechariah 13:8): "And it shall come to pass in all the land, says the Lord, that two parts in it shall be cut off [and perish], but the third shall remain in it." Who are the third? These are Israel, as it is said (Isaiah 19:24): "On that day Israel shall be a third." Thus, "Fear the Lord, my son, and the king."

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