The Targum Jonathan on (Deuteronomy 9) contains one of the most dramatic expansions in all of Aramaic literature. When Moses recalls the golden calf, the Hebrew says God was angry enough to destroy Israel. The Targum names the instruments of that anger: five destroying angels, each with a name—Wrath, Burning, Relentlessness, Destruction, and Indignation.
Five angels. Sent to annihilate the entire nation. This is not in the Hebrew Bible at all. The Targum translators created an angelic hit squad to dramatize how close Israel came to extinction after worshipping the calf.
What happened next is even more remarkable. Moses heard the decree and "made memorial of the great and glorious Name"—he invoked the ineffable Name of God. Then Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob rose from their graves and stood in prayer before God. Three of the five angels were restrained. But Wrath and Burning remained. Moses prayed again. They too were restrained. And then Moses "digged a grave in the land of Moab and buried them, swearing by the great and tremendous Name."
Moses buried the angels. He physically interred the forces of divine destruction in the earth, sealing them with an oath. The Targum is saying that somewhere in Moab, five angels of annihilation lie buried—neutralized by the prayers of the patriarchs and the courage of one man who knew God's Name.
The golden calf episode gets another addition. Moses says he "cast the two tables from my two hands and broke them—and you looked on while the tables were broken and the letters fled away." The letters flew off the tablets. The Hebrew says Moses broke the tablets. The Targum says the sacred writing itself escaped, as if the divine words refused to be present for Israel's shame.
The chapter ends with Moses on his face for forty days, bargaining with God. His argument is strategic: if you destroy Israel, the Egyptians will say "power failed before the Lord to bring them into the land." Moses does not appeal to Israel's merit. He appeals to God's reputation. It works.