Masechet Kallah is one of the minor tractates in the Talmud, in the Order of Damages. It consists of external beraitot and mishnayot that were compiled at the end of the Talmud by the Savoraic sages. In the earliest authorities, there was only one chapter in Masechet Kallah. However, Rabbi Nachman Koronel found a manuscript of mishnayot or beraitot of Masechet Kallah with the Gemara (the rabbinic commentary on the Mishnah)'s commentary on it in ten chapters. It was printed in his book Beit Natan which contains five booklets, and it was also printed in the Vilna edition of the Talmud. Wertheimer found a manuscript of Mishnat Masechet Kallah which was missing its beginning and end, and printed it in his book Batei Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary)ot vol. 3. Masechet Kallah mostly contains other matters not related to groom and bride. It appears that the meaning of "Kallah" here is a discourse or matters of homiletics that they would customarily say in the months of Adar and Elul before the holidays. This was the time of havruta study for students in the yeshivot, who were called "Bnei Kallah", to review their studies they had learned from their teacher during the zman (semester). They said one who sees in a dream that he entered a pool of water will become a Rosh Yeshiva, and if a forest, will become a Rosh for Bnei Kallah (Berachot 57a). Rashi explains: A yeshiva is where the great and small gather for a large gathering to hear the lecture from the Rav. Kallah is where the students gather to review the teachings they heard from the Rav after he got up and left, and they have a scholar as head who understands them and explains the Rav's words that they did not fully comprehend. The term "Kallah" comes from "kelulah" meaning crown, named for the circular arrangement of the rows of students. Already in the times of the Geonim there is mention of the title Rosh Kallah (Aggadat Rasag) and in the prayer Yaaleh VeYavo "for the Roshei Kallah". Masechet Kallah includes laws of wedding blessings, since a bride without a blessing is forbidden to her husband like a niddah. This is also mentioned in the Talmud. In the Yerushalmi they said a bride is forbidden to her husband for seven days, and one may not take a blessing cup from her - the words of Rabbi Eliezer (Berachot 2:6). In Masechet Kallah 1:4 it says one who sends a blessing cup to a woman without her husband's knowledge is liable for death. Why? Because his intention (to be with her) overcomes hers. Rabbi says: because the evil inclination overpowers him. Similarly Bnei Chaburah (members of a fellowship) who send a blessing cup to a woman without her husband's knowledge are liable for death. Why? Because their intention overcomes hers. Rabbi says: because the evil inclination overpowers both of them. And there are many other things regarding ethics and morals. And since Masechet Kallah is the smallest tractate and not commonly studied, the Talmud says what is a Torah scholar who is appointed as communal leader? One who they ask halacha (Jewish religious law) from in any place and he answers, even in Masechet Kallah (Shabbat 114a, Taanit 10a, Kidushin 49a). Rashi explains: Even in Masechet Kallah which people don't usually study, and this one set his mind to and learned it. Rabbeinu Chananel (Taanit ibid) and Rabbi Yitzchak Alfasi (Kidushin ibid) explain "Kallah" as a discourse, like "stress of Kallah" meaning a pressing time, and the idea of Kallah according to them is that every Torah scholar who wants to review it engages in it like a Kallah of Adar (see Maharsha Shabbat ibid).
Tractate Kallah
Curated by The Jewish Mythology Team
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