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Bagris Marches on Zion After Nicanor's Fall

Judah's men cut off Nicanor's arm and hung it at the Temple gate. Antiochus answered by sending Bagris to outlaw the Sabbath and circumcision.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. An Arm at the Gate
  2. Antiochus Counts His Wounds
  3. Decree in Haste
  4. Elephants and Dung
  5. What the Gate Still Says
Bagris Marches on Zion After Nicanor's Fall Click for full size

An Arm at the Gate

Nicanor had stretched his hand toward the Temple and sworn to burn it if Judah was not delivered into his power. The priests inside heard the oath the way men hear thunder against a roof they love. They wept at the altar and asked the Lord to avenge the house that bore His name. The battle answered with steel and panic. Nicanor's army broke on the field. Judah's men cut off the head and the arm that had threatened the sanctuary and hung them before the gate for every pilgrim to see.

From that day the gate kept Nicanor's name like a scar that refused to fade. Feasting on the thirteenth of Adar later tasted of wine and near-fire, one day before Purim's other rescue. News of that shame traveled farther than any courier with a sealed letter.

Antiochus Counts His Wounds

Antiochus summoned Bagris, the wicked who led people astray, and laid out the ledger of loss in a voice that tried to sound like strategy and sounded like fear. Israel had slain his hosts, despoiled his camps, and made officers into cautionary tales told in barracks. He asked whether anyone could still trust wealth or call a house his own while such a people lived unbound by his will.

Then he named the real target. Not only walls and treasuries. The covenant itself: Sabbaths, new moons, circumcision. "Come," he urged, "let us destroy the bond their God made with them." Bagris listened the way a blade listens. He was not hired for subtlety or for treaties that leave a calendar intact.

Decree in Haste

Bagris entered Jerusalem with armies and killed many in the streets until the stones remembered blood as ordinary weather. The decree that followed came in haste, ink still wet with panic. Rest on the seventh day became a crime. Marking the new moon became a crime. Cutting the covenant into a son's flesh eight days after birth became a crime. The oppressors understood what a tax collector sometimes forgets: a people can survive a lighter purse longer than a silenced calendar and a broken sign in the body.

They soon found a man who had circumcised his son. They seized the father, the mother, and the infant, and hung the parents opposite the child so that the city would learn the price of a blade used in faith. A widow later climbed the wall of Jerusalem holding her own circumcised son, a living refusal raised above the stones while patrols watched. The city saw a mother's body become a banner no empire had ordered.

In side streets other mothers whispered the calendar so children would not forget which night the moon renewed. Some lamps stayed dark on Friday lest a patrol read the light as guilt. Covenant shrank to kitchens and blood and memory until the widow on the wall made it large again.

Elephants and Dung

War answered persecution with the mess of real fighting. In the press of battle El'azar went for the elephants, those walking towers of the Seleucid line, and sank into dung while the beasts thundered and men screamed. The story does not polish the detail into glory. Victory can smell like that and still be victory. Israel rose from the mess and punished enemies by fire, sword, and rope according to the hard justice of the hour.

Bagris, who had led the people astray and tried to lead Israel off its own map, burned at Israel's hand. When Antiochus heard that Bagris was dead and the campaign broken, he fled by boat to far places. Wherever he went, crowds named him coward. The king who had tried to unmake a covenant became a traveling joke with a royal title and no quiet harbor.

What the Gate Still Says

Nicanor's arm at the Temple gate and Bagris's ashes in Zion belong to one pressure: an empire that cannot bear a people who stop for Sabbath and mark their sons for a God the throne does not appoint. The scroll of those days is short, hard, and unembarrassed by blood. It leaves the gate hanging in memory so that later feasts still know why a near-burning of the house of God must be answered with both mourning and stubborn joy.

Judah's prayer before the fight had reminded heaven of the angel who once struck down Assyria's host in a night. The answer this time was human arms and a hung arm, a burned persecutor, and a calendar that outlived the decree written in haste.

In the camps of Judah men cleaned blades and counted the living. No one pretended the war was clean. They only knew that a hung arm at the gate was better than a burned sanctuary, and that a burned Bagris was better than a city without Sabbath. Songs rose that mixed David's psalms with the raw shout of people who had almost lost the right to sing them. The decree written in haste became ash in memory, and the covenant written in flesh remained.


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The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Megillat Antiochus 1:30Megillat Antiochus

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sefaria-hosted English translation · CC-BY

Antiochus, king of the Seleucid Empire, knew that feeling all too well.

You're a powerful ruler, used to getting your way. Then you hear the news: your viceroy, Nicanor, is dead. Slain. And by whom? The Israelites! The Megillat Antiochus, also known as the Scroll of Antiochus, tells us that Antiochus was "sorely vexed." That's putting it mildly, I'm sure.

Antiochus wasn't one to back down from a fight. He summoned Bagris, described as "the wicked, who leads his people astray." Now, Bagris is an interesting character. He seems to have been a kind of advisor, a whisperer in the king's ear. And Antiochus, fueled by rage and perhaps a touch of fear, laid out his grievances.

"You know," Antiochus says to Bagris, "for you have heard, what the children of Israel have done to me, they have slain my hosts, and have despoiled my camps and officers." He's listing his grievances, airing his wounds. He's reminding Bagris (and perhaps himself) of the stakes. This wasn't just a rebellion; it was a direct challenge to his authority, his power.

And then comes the crucial question, dripping with paranoia and a hunger for control: "Can you now put your trust in your wealth, or consider your homes as your own?" In other words, can anyone truly be secure while these troublesome Israelites are allowed to defy him? It's a classic dictator's move – inciting fear to justify oppression.

Antiochus doesn't stop there. He reveals his ultimate goal, the thing that truly seems to terrify him: the covenant between God and the Jewish people. "Come, let us go up against them," he urges Bagris, "and destroy the covenant their god has made with them through their Sabbaths, the new-moon [festival observance], and circumcision." Antiochus isn't just after territory or taxes. He wants to eradicate the very essence of Jewish identity. He targets the Shabbat, the day of rest, the sacred new moon festivals (Rosh Chodesh), and brit milah, circumcision, the physical sign of the covenant. These are the core practices that bind the Jewish people to their God. Destroy them, and you destroy the people.

It's a chillingly familiar strategy throughout history: attacking religious and cultural practices to dismantle a community. Antiochus understood that these weren't just rituals; they were the lifeblood of the Jewish faith.

So, what does this brief passage from the Megillat Antiochus tell us? It's a glimpse into the mind of a tyrant, a man driven by fear and a desire for absolute control. And it sets the stage for the dramatic events of the Maccabean revolt, a story of courage, faith, and the enduring power of a people determined to preserve their way of life. A story that we still celebrate today.

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Megillat Antiochus 1:34Megillat Antiochus

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sefaria-hosted English translation · CC-BY

That’s how I feel whenever I explore Megillat Antiochus (Scroll of Antiochus). It's not part of the biblical canon, but it's a powerful, albeit brief, account of a dark chapter in Jewish history – the events leading up to the Maccabean revolt.

This scroll, written in Hebrew and Aramaic, gives us a glimpse into the religious persecution under the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes. It's a raw and unflinching portrayal.

The story jumps right into the thick of it. It tells us that Bagris, a particularly nasty character (and a name that evokes images of cruelty), marched into Jerusalem with his armies. The Megillah doesn't mince words: they "slew many of its inhabitants."

The physical violence wasn’t the only weapon. Antiochus, through Bagris, launched a cultural and spiritual assault. He issued a decree, a gezera, a sweeping edict designed to crush Jewish identity. This wasn't just about power; it was about erasing a way of life.

What did this decree entail? It banned the bedrock practices of Judaism: the Sabbath, the observance of Rosh Chodesh (the new moon), and brit milah, circumcision. These weren't just rituals; they were the very essence of Jewish identity and covenant.

The speed and ruthlessness of the decree are emphasized. The text says it was "issued in haste." This creates a sense of urgency and panic. The oppressors were determined to act swiftly and decisively.

And the consequences were swift and brutal.

The Megillah paints a heartbreaking scene. "They soon found a man who circumcised his son." Just performing this ancient ritual, a sign of his covenant with God, was enough to condemn him. The man, his wife, and their newborn child were seized. The punishment? They were "hung… opposite the child." Imagine the horror, the sheer inhumanity of that moment.

It gets worse.

The story continues with another woman, a widow who, in accordance with Jewish law, circumcised her son eight days after his birth, even though her husband had passed away. Driven by faith and tradition, she upheld the covenant. But her act of devotion became an act of defiance.

What did she do? In an act of desperate courage, she "went up on the wall of Jerusalem, bearing her circumcised son." It's a powerful image. A mother, standing on the ramparts of her city, holding her child, a symbol of hope and resistance, against the might of an empire.

What happened next? The Megillat Antiochus doesn't tell us in this particular section, but it sets the stage for the events to follow – the Maccabean revolt, the rededication of the Temple, and the miracle of Hanukkah.

These stories, stark and painful as they are, remind us of the resilience of the human spirit, the enduring power of faith, and the importance of standing up for what we believe in, even in the face of overwhelming odds. They also remind us that history is not just a collection of dates and names, but a living evidence of the struggles and triumphs of those who came before us. Are we paying attention?

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Megillat Antiochus 1:67Megillat Antiochus

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sefaria-hosted English translation · CC-BY

Megillat Antiochus turns to Bagris in Zion.

Megillat Antiochus, also known as the Scroll of Antiochus, is a fascinating little text. While it's not part of the biblical canon, it offers a unique perspective on those dramatic times.

So, there's El’azar, right in the thick of battle. He’s going after the elephants – massive, terrifying war machines in the service of the Seleucid king, Antiochus. And during this intense fight, while trying to take down these behemoths, El'azar, well, he sank. He sank right into the elephant dung. Imagine the ignominy!

After the battle, the Israelites looked for him, and that's where they found him. Stuck. Now, the text doesn't elaborate on how he got there, or how they got him out. It simply states the stark reality.

But despite this rather unfortunate incident for El'azar, the rest of the Israelites were having a pretty good day. They'd won! Megillat Antiochus tells us they rejoiced, dealing out punishment to their enemies. Some were burned, some were slain by the sword, and others were hung on trees. Pretty brutal stuff.

And then there's Bagris. Megillat Antiochus calls him out as a leader who led his people astray. And his fate? He was burned by the House of Israel. Again, not pulling any punches here.

The story takes another turn when King Antiochus himself gets wind of Bagris’ demise, and the defeat of his forces. According to the Megillah, he hopped on a boat and fled to some far-off land. But his troubles didn't end there. Everywhere he went, people rose up against him, calling him "the Coward." Ouch. Talk about adding insult to injury. You can almost feel the writer’s glee at the downfall of this oppressor.

What can we take away from this little snapshot from Megillat Antiochus? It’s a story of bravery, of victory, and yes, even of unfortunate circumstances. It reminds us that even in the midst of great historical events, there are individual stories – stories of people like El’azar, stuck in the muck, but still part of a larger narrative of triumph. And it's a reminder that even the mightiest kings can be brought low, their reputations forever tarnished.

It makes you wonder, doesn't it? What seemingly small, almost absurd moments are happening right now, that are part of a much larger story unfolding around us?

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Chronicles of Jerahmeel XCIXChronicles of Jerahmeel (Gaster, 1899)

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Chronicles of Jerahmeel, trans. Moses Gaster (1899) · Public Domain

After Antiochus Eupator fell to Demetrius son of Seleucus, a new threat emerged. And this time it came from a Jewish traitor. According to the Chronicles of Jerahmeel, a 12th-century Hebrew chronicle preserved by Moses Gaster in 1899, a priest named Alkimos had eaten swine's flesh during the reign of Antiochus. Now he went to Demetrius and poisoned the king's mind against Judah Maccabee and the Hassidim, calling them rebels who would never let the kingdom have peace.

Demetrius sent Nicanor with an army to destroy Judah. Nicanor first tried deception, approaching Judah with words of peace and friendship, hoping to lure him into a trap. When Judah's men detected the treachery and the ambush failed, Nicanor turned to open war. He stretched out his hand toward God's Temple and swore an oath: "If you do not deliver Judah and his army into my hands, I will burn this Temple to the ground when I return."

The priests inside the sanctuary heard him. They wept and prayed before the altar: "O Lord, You chose this house to bear Your name. Avenge us against this man and his army." Nicanor marched to battle with full confidence. Judah, outnumbered, prayed for divine intervention, reminding God how He had sent an angel to destroy Sennacherib's 185,000 soldiers in a single night.

The battle was decisive. Nicanor's army was shattered, and Nicanor himself was killed. Judah's men cut off his head and the arm he had stretched out against God's Temple, and hung them before the Temple gate. That gate has been called "the Gate of Nicanor" from that day forward. The people sang the Psalms of David, concluding with "For He is good, and His mercy endures forever." The Jews celebrate this victory on the 13th of Adar, one day before Purim, with feasting and wine.

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