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God Stopped Playing With Leviathan After the Temple Burned

The sages gave God a daily schedule, but after the Temple burned, the last hours no longer belonged to play with Leviathan.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Creature Left Alone
  2. The Temple Burned and the Game Ended
  3. The Courtroom at the End of Days
  4. The Children Took the Afternoon

The afternoon once belonged to play.

After the first three hours of Torah, after the second three hours of judgment, after the third three hours of feeding every living creature from the horns of wild oxen to the eggs of lice, the last quarter of the day opened like a sea.

There, in the deep, Leviathan waited.

God had formed the great creature not only for terror, not only for the future feast, but for sport. The verse said Leviathan was made to play with, and the sages took the sentence seriously. In the ninth through twelfth hours, divine time bent toward delight.

The Creature Left Alone

Leviathan was not born solitary.

The creature had a mate. Male and female, the pair would have filled the waters with a force the world could not survive. So God killed the female, salted her flesh, and stored it for the banquet of the righteous in the World to Come. The male remained alive in the sea, vast and unmatched.

Every afternoon, God came to the last one.

The image is almost too tender for a monster. The sea beast that could have shattered creation became God's companion in the hour after judgment and feeding. The world had been judged, sustained, and arranged. Then heaven went down to the water.

The Temple Burned and the Game Ended

Then the Temple fell.

God stopped playing with Leviathan after the Temple burned. The sentence is as stark as a closed gate, and the sages leave it standing inside the schedule of heaven.

Smoke rose from Jerusalem. Stones blackened. The place where offerings climbed toward heaven became ash and memory. After that, the sages said, God no longer played with Leviathan in the final quarter of the day.

Something in heaven's schedule changed because something on earth had been broken.

The last hours did not become empty. God used them to teach Torah to schoolchildren. The play of the sea was replaced by the voices of children learning letters and verses. Joy did not disappear, but it moved into a smaller room, closer to the mouths that would keep Israel alive after the sanctuary was gone.

The shift makes the destruction reach upward. The fire did not only consume cedar beams, gold, and stone. It rearranged what God did with time. Afternoon delight yielded to instruction because the next generation had to learn how to live without the building that had organized the nation's service.

The Courtroom at the End of Days

The same teaching opens another scene.

At the end, the nations stand before God and ask for another chance with Torah. "Give us a commandment," they say, "and we will keep it." God gives them a simple one: sukkah. Build a booth. Sit in its shade.

They build. Then God makes the sun blaze. The booths grow unbearable. The nations leave and kick them on the way out.

Heaven laughs only on that day. The laughter is not petty. It is judgment exposed. A commandment does not become false because heat presses against it. The booth reveals whether attachment is real when comfort goes away.

The Children Took the Afternoon

The schedule holds both images together.

Before destruction, the final hours carried God into the sea with Leviathan. After destruction, they carried God into the schoolroom. The change does not make Leviathan vanish. The creature remains in the deep, the salted flesh remains for the righteous, and the old play waits inside the memory of the text.

That makes Leviathan lonelier and the children more urgent. The monster keeps the sea. The children keep the covenant's voice moving from mouth to mouth.

But the Temple's burning moved divine attention toward children.

Letters had to survive. Voices had to rise where fire had left silence. The afternoon that once belonged to cosmic play became the hour when the Holy One sits with beginners. The sea monster lost its daily companion because Israel's children needed one.

In that exchange, the sages made grief enormous and intimate at once. A destroyed sanctuary changed the timetable of heaven. A child's lesson filled the place where Leviathan had waited.

That is why the schedule hurts. It does not say God forgot joy. It says grief redirected joy toward children who still needed letters, teachers, and the discipline of beginning again after fire. The afternoon changed shape.


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From the tradition

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Avodah Zarah 3bTalmud Bavli, Avodah Zarah

But Rav Yehudah said that Rav said: The day is twelve hours. During the first three, the Holy One, blessed be He, sits and engages in Torah. During the second three, He sits and judges the entire world; when He sees that the world is liable to destruction, He rises from the throne of justice and sits upon the throne of mercy.

During the third three, He sits and sustains the entire world, from the horns of wild oxen to the eggs of lice. During the fourth three, He sits and plays with the Leviathan, as it is said: "This Leviathan, whom You formed to play with" (Psalms 104:26). Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak said: He plays with His creatures, but He does not laugh at His creatures except on that day alone.

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Avodah Zarah 3aTalmud Bavli, Avodah Zarah

This serves to say that even if they fulfill the seven Noahide mitzvot they do not receive a reward for their fulfilment. The Gemara asks: And are they not rewarded for fulfilling those mitzvot? But isn’t it taught in a baraita that Rabbi Meir would say: From where is it derived that even a gentile who engages in Torah study is considered like a High Priest? The verse states: “You shall therefore keep My statutes and My ordinances, which if a person do, and shall live by them” (Leviticus 18:5).

It is not stated: Priests, Levites, and Israelites, but rather the general term “person.” From here you learn that even a gentile who engages in the study of Torah is like a High Priest. This demonstrates that gentiles are rewarded for fulfilling mitzvot, despite the fact that they are not commanded to do so. Rather, the verse serves to tell you that they do not receive as great a reward for their fulfillment as one who is commanded and performs a mitzva.

Rather, they receive a lesser reward, like that of one who is not commanded and still performs a mitzva. As Rabbi Ḥanina says: Greater is one who is commanded to do a mitzva and performs it than one who is not commanded and performs it. The Gemara returns to the discussion between God and the nations of the world, whose claims are rejected with the rebuttal that they did not receive the Torah because they did not fulfill the seven Noahide mitzvot that were incumbent upon them.

Rather, this is what the gentiles say before the Holy One, Blessed be He: Master of the Universe, as for the Jewish people who accepted the Torah, where is the evidence that they fulfilled its mitzvot? The Holy One, Blessed be He, says to them in response: I will testify about the Jewish people that they fulfilled the Torah in its entirety. The nations say before Him: Master of the Universe, is there a father who can testify about his son?

As it is written: “Israel is My son, My firstborn” (Exodus 4:22). Since God is considered the Father of the Jewish people, He is disqualified from testifying on their behalf. The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to them: Heaven and earth will testify about them that they fulfilled the Torah in its entirety. The nations say before Him: Master of the Universe, in this matter the testimony of heaven and earth is tainted by a conflict of interest, as it is stated: “If My covenant be not with day and night, I would not have appointed the ordinances of heaven and earth” (Jeremiah 33:25).

And concerning this verse, Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish says: What is the meaning of that which is written: “And there was evening and there was morning, the sixth day” (Genesis 1:31)? This teaches that the Holy One, Blessed be He, established a condition with the acts of Creation, and said: If the Jewish people accept My Torah at the revelation at Sinai, all is well, but if they do not accept it, I will return you to the primordial state of chaos and disorder.

And this is similar to that which Ḥizkiyya says with regard to a different matter: What is the meaning of that which is written: “You caused sentence to be heard from heaven; the earth feared, and was silent” (Psalms 76:9)? If the earth feared, why was it silent, and if it was silent, why did it fear? One who is afraid does not stay silent, and one who remains silent thereby demonstrates that he is not afraid.

Rather, this is the meaning of the verse: At first, when God came to give the Torah to the Jewish people, the earth feared that they might not accept it, and it would be destroyed. This is alluded to by the phrase “You caused sentence to be heard.” But ultimately, when the Jews accepted the Torah, the earth was silent. Consequently, heaven and earth are interested parties and cannot testify about the Jewish people’s commitment to the Torah.

Instead, the Holy One, Blessed be He, says to the nations: Let the witnesses come from among you and testify that the Jewish people fulfilled the Torah in its entirety. Let Nimrod come and testify about Abraham that he did not engage in idol worship. Let Laban come and testify about Jacob that he is not suspect with regard to robbery (see Genesis 31:36–42). Let the wife of Potiphar come and testify about Joseph that he is not suspect with regard to the sin of adultery (see Genesis 39:7–12).

Let Nebuchadnezzar come and testify about Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah that they did not prostrate themselves before a graven image. Let Darius come and testify about Daniel that he did not neglect his prayer (see Daniel 6). Let Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite, and Eliphaz the Temanite, and Elihu, son of Barachel, the Buzite, friends of Job (see Job 2:11 and 32:2) come and testify about the Jewish people that they fulfilled the Torah in its entirety.

As it is stated: “All the nations are gathered together…let them bring their witnesses, that they may be justified” (Isaiah 43:9), i.e., the gathered gentiles will submit testimony on behalf of the Jewish people and demonstrate the Jews’ righteousness. The gentiles say before Him: Master of the Universe, give us the Torah afresh and we will perform its mitzvot. The Holy One, Blessed be He, says to them in response: Fools of the world!

Do you think you can request this? One who takes pains on Shabbat eve will eat on Shabbat, but one who did not take pains on Shabbat eve, from where will he eat on Shabbat? The opportunity for performing mitzvot has already passed, and it is now too late to ask to perform them. But even so, I have an easy mitzva to fulfill, and its name is sukka; go and perform it.

The Gemara asks: And how can you say so, that it is possible to perform a mitzva after the end of this world? But doesn’t Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi say: What is the meaning of that which is written: “You shall therefore keep the commandment, and the statutes, and the ordinances, which I command you this day, to do them” (Deuteronomy 7:11)? This verse teaches that today, in this world, is the time to do them, but tomorrow, in the World-to-Come, is not the time to do them.

Furthermore, today is the time to do them, but today is not the time to receive one’s reward, which is granted in the World-to-Come. The Gemara explains: But even so, God gave the nations an opportunity to perform a mitzva, as The Holy One, Blessed be He, does not deal tyrannically [beteruneya] with His creations, but wants them to feel that they have been judged fairly. The Gemara asks: And why does God call the mitzva of sukka an easy mitzva to fulfill?

Because performing the mitzva involves no monetary loss. Immediately, each and every gentile will take materials and go and construct a sukka on top of his roof. And the Holy One, Blessed be He, will set upon them the heat [makdir] of the sun in the season of Tammuz, i.e., the summer, and each and every one who is sitting in his sukka will be unable to stand the heat, and he will kick his sukka and leave, as it is stated: “Let us break their bands asunder, and cast away their cords from us” (Psalms 2:3).

The Gemara asks: Why does God heat the sun over them? But didn’t you say that the Holy One, Blessed be He, does not deal tyrannically with His creations? The Gemara answers: This is not considered dealing tyrannically with the gentiles, because for the Jewish people as well, there are times

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