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Ha-Satan Blocked the Road to Moriah Three Times

On the road to Moriah, Ha-Satan blocked Abraham three times as an old man, a young man, and a flood. Abraham crossed all three.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Accusation Began at a Feast
  2. The Old Man Tried Pity
  3. The Young Man Turned to Isaac
  4. The Water Rose to Their Necks
  5. The Knife Was Not the First Trial

The road to Moriah was not empty.

Abraham walked with Isaac, two servants, wood, fire, and the knife. The command had already landed. The mountain had not. Between them stretched three days, enough time for obedience to grow teeth, enough time for every doubt to learn Abraham's name.

Ha-Satan had reason to be there. He had helped bring the test before the heavenly court.

The Accusation Began at a Feast

Isaac's weaning feast was full of important guests.

Abraham had waited a century for the child. Sarah had laughed, nursed, and proved the miracle before women who had doubted her. The house overflowed with celebration. But the poor were not fed at the door, and the Accuser noticed. Ha-Satan carried the omission upward and set it beside Abraham's whole life of hospitality.

God defended Abraham. If asked for Isaac himself, God said, Abraham would not refuse. The road to Moriah began before Abraham ever saddled the donkey.

The Old Man Tried Pity

Ha-Satan appeared first as an old man.

He sounded sorrowful, reasonable, wounded on Abraham's behalf. Was the patriarch mad? Had God given him a son in old age only to demand slaughter? Could such a command truly come from heaven? The questions were shaped to feel like compassion. They pressed on the place where love and obedience were tearing at each other.

Abraham heard the voice beneath the disguise. He kept walking.

The Young Man Turned to Isaac

The next disguise was youth.

Ha-Satan went to Isaac with urgency and flattery. His father was old. The command was foolish. A life should not be thrown away because an aged man had misunderstood God. Isaac felt the words and carried them back to Abraham. The test had moved from the father's solitude into the son's hearing.

Abraham warned him. The voice was the Accuser. The command remained. Father and son continued together.

The Water Rose to Their Necks

The last obstruction had no face.

A river appeared where Abraham knew no river belonged. The travelers entered, and the water rose. First the feet, then the legs, then the body, until it reached their necks. The mountain was ahead, but the road had turned into drowning.

Abraham recognized the trick by the landscape itself. This place had not held water before. He rebuked Ha-Satan, and the flood vanished. Dry ground returned under their feet.

The Knife Was Not the First Trial

By the time Abraham reached the altar, he had already refused three exits.

He had refused pity that would loosen obedience. He had refused youth's argument that sacrifice was merely confusion. He had refused the terror of water rising against the body. The binding did not begin when Isaac lay on the wood. It began when the first voice tried to make Abraham turn around.

Ha-Satan came with grief, reason, and fear. Abraham carried the knife past all three, and Isaac kept walking beside him.

Those three attempts matter because each blocked a different part of the road. The old man attacked Abraham's mercy. The young man attacked Isaac's trust. The flood attacked the body itself. Ha-Satan did not repeat one argument three times. He tested the command from three directions, hoping that father, son, or flesh would break before the mountain appeared.

The companions at the edge of the scene make the pressure heavier. They carry supplies, see the strange obstacles, and still cannot enter the center of the command. Abraham and Isaac move past them into a solitude no servant can share. By the time the servants are left behind with the donkey, the Accuser has already failed to turn the two people who matter most.

The road is therefore part of the binding. Moriah begins with voices in disguise and water at the throat.

Abraham's rebuke breaks the pattern each time. He does not negotiate with the old man, comfort the young man, or study the flood for a safer crossing. He names the obstruction and moves. The Accuser can delay, disguise, and frighten. He cannot make Abraham call the command by another name.

Every step after that is quieter because the road has already screamed.

Silence after such resistance is not emptiness. It is decision.

The mountain received men who had already crossed an unseen battlefield.


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From the tradition

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The texts this telling draws on, in full. Open a card to read inline, or expand it for a wider, quieter read.

Legends of the Jews, V. Abraham, Satan Accuses AbrahamLegends of the Jews

Abraham, known for his boundless hospitality, once held a grand feast celebrating the birth of his son, Isaac. According to Legends of the Jews, as retold by Ginzberg, everyone who was anyone was there – except the poor. It seems a seemingly insignificant oversight set the stage for a divine test.

Enter Satan. Now, in Jewish tradition, Satan isn't quite the same as the figure in some other faiths. He's more of an adversary, an accuser, a cosmic prosecutor. And, as the story goes, he has a particular aversion to celebrations that exclude the less fortunate. The Zohar tells us of the importance of including the poor in celebrations.

Seeing this oversight, Satan, disguised as a beggar, approached Abraham's door, seeking alms. But Abraham was busy, engrossed in entertaining his esteemed guests. Sarah, too, was occupied, convincing the matrons present that Isaac was indeed her own child, a miracle granted in her old age. No one paid attention to the beggar at the door.

This slight didn't go unnoticed. The beggar, spurned, leveled an accusation before God. The scene shifts to the heavenly court. As we find in the Book of Job (1:6-7), there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before the Lord, and Satan came also among them. God asks Satan where he's been, and Satan replies, "From going to and fro on the earth, and from walking up and down in it."

Then comes the accusation. Satan points out that while Abraham was initially devoted to God, building altars and proclaiming His name, his devotion seemed to wane after Isaac's birth. "He made a great feast for all the inhabitants of the land, and the Lord he has forgotten," Satan alleges. "For amidst all that he has done, he brought Thee no offering… even from the time of his son's birth till now, being thirty-seven years, he built no altar before Thee."

Satan essentially accuses Abraham of fair-weather faith, of only remembering God when he needed something. This is a recurring theme, as we see in Midrash Rabbah (Genesis 55:4), where the temporary nature of humanity's devotion is questioned.

God, however, defends Abraham, proclaiming his unwavering righteousness. He declares that Abraham would not withhold even his beloved Isaac if asked. Satan, ever the challenger, dares God to put Abraham to the test. "Speak now unto Abraham as Thou hast said," Satan retorts, "and Thou wilt see whether he will not transgress and cast aside Thy words this day."

The story also reveals a conversation between Isaac and Ishmael, Abraham's elder son. Isaac boasts that he would willingly offer himself as a sacrifice if God commanded it. This hints at Isaac's own deep commitment and foreshadows the ultimate test he and Abraham were about to face.

And so, the stage is set for one of the most profound and agonizing trials in religious history: the Akeidah, the binding of Isaac. It's a story about faith, about obedience, and about the immense challenges that even the most righteous individuals must confront.

What does this story tell us? Perhaps it's a reminder that even when we strive to live righteously, we are not immune to trials. Maybe it highlights the importance of remembering God not just in times of need, but in times of plenty. And perhaps, most profoundly, it shows us the depth of faith that can inspire a person to face the impossible, even the unthinkable.

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Legends of the Jews 5:228Legends of the Jews

It’s a theme that runs deep through the story of Abraham and Isaac on their journey to Mount Moriah.

As Abraham and Isaac made their way, the Satan – the accuser, the adversary – appeared to Abraham, disguised as a very old, humble man. Imagine the scene: A stooped figure, radiating sadness, approaching Abraham. "Are you mad?" he asks, according to Legends of the Jews. "To sacrifice your only son? God gave him to you in your old age! How can you slaughter someone innocent? Surely, this isn't from God! God wouldn't command such evil!"

Abraham, wise and discerning, immediately recognized the voice of the Satan trying to lead him astray. He rebuked him, sending him away.

The Satan wasn't finished. He then approached Isaac, this time appearing as a handsome, persuasive young man. "Don't you know your foolish old father is leading you to your death for no reason?" he pleads. "Don't listen to him! Don't let your precious life be lost!"

Isaac, understandably shaken, relayed these words to Abraham. But Abraham, unwavering, warned his son: "Pay him no mind. He is the Satan, trying to turn us from God's command." Again, Abraham rebuked the adversary.

Frustrated, the Satan resorted to a more dramatic tactic. As Abraham, Isaac, and their two young companions continued their journey, they encountered a sudden, raging brook blocking their path. A massive torrent of water where none had been before!

They waded into the water, trying to cross, but the deeper they went, the higher the water rose, until it reached their necks. They were terrified. This reminds us of other stories of trials in sacred Jewish texts, such as the trials faced when crossing the Red Sea.

But Abraham, remembering the landscape, knew something was amiss. "This place," he declared, "had no brook before! It is surely the Satan, trying to divert us from God's command!"

Once more, Abraham rebuked the Satan. "The Lord rebuke you, O Satan! Begone! We go by the command of God!"

And with Abraham's powerful words, the Satan was terrified and vanished. The waters receded, and the ground became dry once more. Abraham, resolute, continued onward with Isaac toward the place God had shown him.

What does this little episode teach us? It’s more than just a fantastical story. It highlights the constant presence of doubt and opposition when we strive to follow a path of faith, or any path we believe is truly right. The Satan doesn't always appear as a monstrous figure; sometimes, it's a whisper of "reason," a tempting shortcut, or an overwhelming obstacle. The story reminds us that true faith requires recognizing these distractions and choosing to stay the course, even when the waters rise.

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Legends of the Jews 5:211Legends of the Jews

Abraham, busy with honored guests, and Sarah, proving to the women that Isaac was truly her child... they were preoccupied. And at their door stood a beggar, completely ignored. This beggar, according to Legends of the Jews, by Ginzberg, took his grievance straight to God.

This brings us to a rather… colorful scene in the heavenly court. As we read, "There was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before the Lord, and Satan came also among them" (Job 1:6). It's a scene right out of the Book of Job. God asks Satan where he's been, and Satan replies, "From going to and fro on the earth, and from walking up and down in it" (Job 1:7). Sounds like a busy guy.

Then Satan, ever the accuser, decides to bring up Abraham. "I’ve seen all the children of the earth," he says, "serving You and remembering You only when they need something. Once You give it, they forget all about You!" He continues, "Take Abraham, for example. He used to build altars and proclaim Your name everywhere! But now that he has his son Isaac, he’s forgotten You! He threw this huge feast, but didn’t offer You a single sacrifice. Not a burnt offering, not even a little lamb! For thirty-seven years, since Isaac's birth, he hasn't built an altar or brought an offering. Why? Because he got what he wanted!"

Wow. Harsh. Accusations flying left and right.

But God… God knows Abraham's heart. He defends his servant: "Have you considered My servant Abraham? There is none like him on earth, a perfect and an upright man, one who fears God and shuns evil. As I live, if I told him to offer Isaac as a sacrifice, he wouldn't withhold him from Me, let alone a simple burnt offering!"

Now, Satan isn't one to back down. He challenges God: "Speak to Abraham, then! Put him to the test! You'll see he’ll transgress and cast aside Your words.”

And this, my friends, sets the stage for one of the most profound and challenging narratives in the Torah – the Akeidah (the Binding of Isaac).

What does it mean to be truly devoted? Is faith tested most when we are in need, or when our lives are full? And what does it say about us when we forget the source of our blessings? These are questions this short scene stirs within us. Perhaps, like Abraham, we too are being watched, our actions weighed in the balance. Perhaps, like the forgotten beggar, we have the power to influence events in ways we cannot imagine.

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Legends of the Jews 5:45Legends of the Jews

Legends of the Jews turns to The Fire That Burned Everyone Who Tried to Throw Abraham In.

The Ginzberg says 's retelling in Legends of the Jews, the moment the messenger tried to throw Abraham into the fire, the flames leaped out and consumed the messenger instead! More attempts were made, but with the same fiery result. Anyone who dared to grab Abraham and toss him in was instantly incinerated. It sounds like something straight out of a fantastical movie, doesn't it?

Desperate, Nimrod needed a solution. That's when Satan, ever the opportunist, entered the scene disguised as a human. He suggested a rather ingenious, albeit sinister, idea: a catapult. That way, no one would have to get close to the flames. Satan himself, the ultimate engineer of evil, built the catapult. He even tested it three times with stones before declaring it ready for its intended purpose: launching Abraham into the inferno.

Can you imagine the scene? Abraham, bound hand and foot, about to be flung into the fire. It's a moment of intense suspense.

But wait, there's more! Satan, still in disguise, approached Abraham one last time, offering a twisted bargain: "If thou desirest to deliver thyself from the fire of Nimrod, bow down before him and believe in him." A classic moment of temptation.

And Abraham's response? It’s epic. He didn't hesitate. He didn't waver. He rejected the tempter with the words, "May the Eternal rebuke thee, thou vile, contemptible, accursed blasphemer!" And with that, Satan vanished.

What this story highlights, as we find in Legends of the Jews, is unwavering faith in the face of unimaginable adversity. Abraham, facing certain death, refused to compromise his beliefs. He chose to stand firm, even when the flames were closing in.

It makes you think, doesn't it? What are we willing to stand up for? What beliefs are so core to our being that we'd face the fire for them? Abraham's story is a powerful reminder that true courage lies in unwavering faith, even when the world seems determined to burn us to ashes.

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Sanhedrin 89bTalmud Bavli, Sanhedrin

"And it came to pass after these things, that God tested Abraham" (Genesis 22:1). After what?

Rabbi Yochanan said in the name of Rabbi Yose ben Zimra: After the words of Satan, as it is written, "And the child grew, and was weaned" (Genesis 21:8). Satan said before the Holy One, blessed be He: Master of the Universe, this old man, whom You graced with a child of the womb at a hundred years old, from all the feast that he made, did he not have a single turtledove or a single young pigeon to offer before You? He said to him: Did he do anything except for the sake of his son? If I say to him, "Sacrifice your son before Me," he would slaughter him at once. Immediately, "And God tested Abraham."

"And He said: Take now (na) your son" (Genesis 22:2). Rabbi Shimon bar Abba said: The word "na" means nothing other than a term of entreaty. This may be compared to a king of flesh and blood against whom many wars arose, and he had one mighty warrior who defeated them. In time, a fierce war arose against him. He said to him: I beg of you, stand firm for me in this war, so that they will not say that the earlier ones had no substance to them. So too the Holy One, blessed be He, said to Abraham: I have tested you with many trials and you have withstood them all. Now stand firm for Me in this trial, so that they will not say there was no substance in the earlier ones.

"Your son" (Genesis 22:2). Abraham said: I have two sons. "Your only one." This one is the only one to his mother and that one is the only one to his mother. "Whom you love." I love them both. "Isaac." And why all this? So that his mind would not become confused over him.

Satan went ahead of him on the road. He said to him: "If one ventures a word to you, will you be weary?... Behold, you have instructed many, and you have strengthened weak hands. Your words have upheld him who was stumbling... but now it has come upon you, and you are weary" (Job 4:2-5). He said to him: "I will walk in my integrity" (Psalms 26:11).

He said to him: "Is not your fear of God your foolish confidence?" (Job 4:6). He said to him: "Remember, I pray you, who that was innocent ever perished?" (Job 4:7). Since Satan saw that he was not listening to him, he said to him: "Now a word was brought to me by stealth" (Job 4:12). Thus I have heard from behind the heavenly curtain: "The lamb for the burnt offering" (Genesis 22:7), and Isaac is not for the burnt offering. He said to him: Such is the punishment of a liar, that even when he speaks the truth, none listen to him.

Rabbi Levi said: After the words of Ishmael to Isaac. Ishmael said to Isaac: I am greater than you in commandments, for you were circumcised at eight days old, while I was circumcised at thirteen years old. He said to him: And with one limb you provoke me? If the Holy One, blessed be He, were to say to me, "Slaughter yourself before Me," I would slaughter myself. Immediately, "And God tested Abraham."

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Antiquities I.13Antiquities of the Jews (Josephus)

Isaac was twenty-five years old when his father took him up the mountain to die. He didn't resist.

The Josephus says this is what makes the Akedah (עקידה), the Binding of Isaac, so extraordinary, not just that Abraham was willing to sacrifice his son, but that Isaac agreed to it. Josephus gives Isaac a speech that appears nowhere in the Torah, and it is stunning in its composure: "He was not worthy to be born at first, if he should reject the determination of God and of his father."

The setup was devastating. Abraham had waited a hundred years for this child (Genesis 21:5). Isaac was everything, the promised heir, the boy who embodied every blessing God had ever given. And then God asked for him back. Not metaphorically. As a burnt offering on Mount Moriah.

Abraham told no one. Not Sarah. Not his servants. He knew that if anyone found out, they would stop him. So he packed the wood, took two servants and Isaac, and walked for three days. On the third day, he saw the mountain, the same mountain, Josephus notes, where King David would later build the Temple. And left the servants behind.

Isaac noticed there was no animal for the sacrifice. Abraham answered with the only honest thing he could say: "God will provide Himself an offering" (Genesis 22:8). Then he told his son the truth. Josephus gives Abraham a long, anguished speech, a father explaining to his child why he must die. He had prayed endlessly for a son. He had raised Isaac to manhood. And now God required him as a testimony of Abraham's devotion.

Isaac walked to the altar willingly. The knife was raised. And God called out, loud enough to stop a father's hand, and said it had never been about the boy's blood, only about the willingness to obey. A ram appeared. Abraham and Isaac sacrificed it together, embraced each other, and went home to Sarah. They lived, Josephus says, happily, with God assisting them in all things they desired.

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Legends of the Jews 5:257Legends of the Jews

The story goes that after Abraham proved his unwavering faith by being willing to sacrifice his son, Isaac, God intervened. A ram, caught in a thicket, was offered instead. But what happened after that? Did you ever wonder if there were more to the conversation between God and Abraham?

Well, according to Legends of the Jews, God told Abraham something profound. He acknowledged Abraham's faithfulness, but also foretold a future where Abraham's descendants would falter. "Thy children will sin before me in time to come," God said, "and I will sit in judgment upon them on the New Year's Day."

Heavy stuff. But there's hope woven in. God continued, revealing a path to redemption. "If they desire that I should grant them pardon," He said, "they shall blow the ram's horn on that day, and I, mindful of the ram that was substituted for Isaac as a sacrifice, will forgive them for their sins." The sound of the shofar, a primal, ancient sound, is a direct appeal to God's mercy, a reminder of Abraham's devotion and the ram that stood in place of his son.

The story doesn't end there. The Lord then revealed even more about the future. Abraham learned that the Temple, which would one day stand on the very spot where he nearly sacrificed Isaac, would be destroyed. And just as the ram struggled from one tree only to be caught in another, Abraham's children would be scattered, moving from kingdom to kingdom.

As Ginzberg retells it in Legends of the Jews, they would be delivered from Babylonia only to be subjugated by Media. Rescued from Media, they would be enslaved by Greece. Escaping from Greece, they would serve Rome. A cycle of liberation and oppression, a pattern of hope and hardship.

Yet, even within this prophecy of exile and suffering, there’s an unwavering promise: "yet in the end they would be redeemed in a final redemption, at the sound of the ram's horn." This final redemption, echoing the words of Isaiah (27:13) that on that day "the Lord God shall blow the trumpet," signifies a complete and ultimate deliverance. As the prophet Zechariah envisions (9:14) "the Lord shall be seen over them, and his arrow shall go forth as the lightning: and the Lord God shall blow the trumpet, and shall go with whirlwinds of the south."

So, when we hear the shofar blast on Rosh Hashanah (the Jewish New Year), we're not just observing a tradition. We’re participating in a cosmic drama that began with Abraham, a drama of sin, forgiveness, exile, and, ultimately, redemption. We are, in that moment, both remembering the past and calling out for a better future. A future where the echoes of the shofar herald not just another year, but the final, complete, and resounding redemption we’ve been waiting for.

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Book of Jubilees 18:15Book of Jubilees

The ultimate test of faith, a moment of divine intervention, and the substitution of a ram in the nick of time. But where exactly did this all go down?

The Book of Jubilees, an ancient Jewish text that expands on the stories in Genesis, gives us a fascinating clue. It's a text not included in the Hebrew Bible, but it was preserved in Ethiopian manuscripts and offers unique perspectives on biblical narratives. Jubilees 18 retells the Akedah, the Binding of Isaac, with some interesting additions.

The angel, having stopped Abraham's hand, declares, "Lay not thy hand upon the lad, neither do thou anything to him; for now I have shown that thou fearest the Lord, and hast not withheld thy son, thy first-born son, from me." It’s a powerful moment of relief and confirmation.

Then, as the familiar story goes, Abraham looks up and sees a ram caught by its horns in a thicket. This ram, of course, becomes the substitute offering, spared Isaac's life.

But here's where it gets really interesting. Jubilees tells us that Abraham called that place "The Lord hath seen." So far, so good. But then it adds this intriguing detail: "so that it is said '(in the mount) the Lord hath seen': that is Mount Sion."

Wait a minute. Mount Zion?

Mount Zion, or Tziyon in Hebrew, holds immense significance in Judaism. It’s associated with Jerusalem, the Temple, and ultimately, the presence of God. To connect the Akedah directly to Mount Zion… that's a pretty big deal! The Akedah is a story about ultimate sacrifice, unwavering faith, and divine mercy. To locate this event on Mount Zion implies that this very spot, this place of near-sacrifice, is intrinsically linked to the holiest place on earth. The place where God ultimately chose to dwell amongst His people.

The Book of Jubilees, therefore, isn't just telling us a geographical location. It's weaving together themes of sacrifice, divine presence, and the very heart of Jewish identity. It's suggesting that the near-sacrifice of Isaac foreshadows the future holiness of Jerusalem and the Temple.

So, the next time you read the story of the Akedah, remember Mount Zion. Remember the Book of Jubilees, and the way it connects this pivotal moment to the very center of Jewish faith. It's a reminder that even in the most challenging trials, there is always the potential for redemption, for divine intervention, and for finding holiness in the most unexpected places.

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Legends of the Jews 5:229Legends of the Jews

Legends of the Jews turns to Satan Told Sarah That Abraham Had Slaughtered Isaac.

Consider the story of Abraham and Isaac – the binding of Isaac, or the Akeidah as it's known in Hebrew. It's one of the most powerful and unsettling stories in the Torah. God asks Abraham to sacrifice his beloved son, Isaac. But what about Sarah, Isaac's mother? How did she factor into this monumental test of faith?

In Ginzberg's retelling in, Legends of the Jews, Satan doesn't just sit idly by while Abraham prepares to follow God's command. Oh no. He gets involved. He appears to Sarah disguised as an old man. A seemingly harmless, perhaps even helpful, figure.

"Where did your husband go?" he asks innocently enough. Sarah, unsuspecting, replies that he's gone to work. "And Isaac?" Satan presses. Sarah tells him Isaac has gone with his father to a place of Torah study – a Beit Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary).

Then comes the twist of the knife. Satan, dripping with false sympathy, says: "O thou poor old woman, thy teeth will be set on edge on account of thy son, as thou knowest not that Abraham took his son with him on the road to sacrifice him."

Can you imagine the devastation? The sheer horror of those words sinking in? The rug being pulled out from under you in such a cruel and calculated way?

In that very hour, Sarah's loins trembled, and all her limbs shook. “She was no more of this world,” it says. A stark, almost poetic way of describing the profound shock and emotional trauma she experienced.

But here's the incredible part: even in the face of such devastating news, Sarah finds a wellspring of faith within herself. She pulls herself together and declares: "All that God hath told Abraham, may he do it unto life and unto peace." What an amazing declaration of faith, even in the face of what seems like utter catastrophe. Despite the fear, despite the pain, she trusts in God's ultimate plan. She blesses the situation, wishing for life and peace, even though everything within her must have been screaming in protest.

It makes you wonder, doesn't it? How often do we encounter our own "Satans" in disguise? Whispering doubts, spreading fear, trying to undermine our faith and trust? And how can we, like Sarah, find the strength to stand firm, to choose faith over fear, and to bless the path that's been laid out for us, even when we don't understand it?

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