Parshat Balak6 min read

The Kings and the Star of Fire Shown to Shimon in the Cave

Roman soldiers were hunting Shimon bar Yochai. He stood in the cave mouth forty days and prayed, and on the fortieth night the rock seemed to thin.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Forty Days in the Mouth of the Cave
  2. Metatron Answers the Cry Against Ishmael
  3. A Line of Kings Passes Before Him
  4. The Star With a Rod of Fire
  5. The Fast That Followed and the Weeping
The Kings and the Star of Fire Shown to Shimon in the Cave Click for full size

Forty Days in the Mouth of the Cave

For forty days and forty nights Shimon bar Yochai stood in the mouth of the cave and would not sit down. Outside, the soldiers of Caesar, king of Edom, were still hunting him through the hills, and the stone at his back was the only wall between his throat and their swords. He did not pray for his own life. He pressed his forehead to the rock and cried the same words until his voice cracked. "Lord God of hosts, how long will You be angry against the prayer of Your people?"

On the fortieth night the rock seemed to thin. The sealed things opened. The end of days lay spread before him the way a valley lies under a man standing on a ridge, and he began to speak aloud what he saw, the way a man reads a scroll that is unrolling itself.

Metatron Answers the Cry Against Ishmael

First the kingdom of Ishmael rose in the east like dust off a road, and his heart went cold. "Is it not enough for us," he said into the dark, "what the kingdom of wicked Edom has done to us? Must the kingdom of Ishmael come as well?"

A voice answered him before the fear could finish. Metatron, prince of the Presence, stood in the vision at his side. "Do not fear, son of man," the angel said. "The Holy One brings the kingdom of Ishmael for one reason only, to save you from this wicked one. He will raise over them a ruler who takes the land and holds it in greatness, and there will be bitter enmity between him and the sons of Esau." Shimon turned toward the voice. "And how do I know they are a rescue for us?" The angel reminded him of the prophet's chariot of an ass set before the chariot of a camel, the poor king who rides on a donkey, and told him that Ishmael's coming would clear the road for that rider the way a servant clears a threshold.

Then a second king out of the sons of Ishmael walked the ruined courts of the Temple, a lover of Israel. He closed its breaches with his own hands. He set stone against stone where Edom had torn them open, and he marched out to break the armies of Esau.

A Line of Kings Passes Before Him

After that the kings came one behind the other, and Shimon named each as it passed. A man called Marwan who had herded donkeys, dragged out from behind his animals and crowned, until the sons of Edom rose and killed him. A king after him who had peace on every side, who loved his flocks and died quietly in his bed. Then a harder man who held the throne by his sword and his bow and made war on all four winds at once, in the east and the west and the north and the south, and knew no rest.

He watched the western pillar fall on the sons of Ishmael in Damascus, and the whole kingdom of Ishmael fell with it. A rebellion boiled up out of the northeast, slain men dropping first at the Tigris, then at the Euphrates, then in the land between the rivers, and a king fleeing while his own sons were caught and hung on the trees. Last came men from a far country, ugly and bitter and hasty, dressed in black, all of them horsemen, riding up onto the high mountain of Israel to breach the Temple again, put out its lamps, and tear its doors from the hinges.

The Star With a Rod of Fire

Then the years themselves marched past him in a single week of harvests. The first year without rain. The second with hunger biting at half the land. The third a great famine and a sky shut like iron. The fourth middling, the fifth heavy with grain. In the sixth year it rose. One star climbed out of the east with a rod of fire at its head, like the tip of a spear laid across the sky. The nations of the world looked up and said, "This star is ours." It was not theirs. It burned for Jacob. It rose in the first watch and held its place fifteen days over the east, then turned and stood fifteen days over the west, and while it burned Shimon knew the redeemer was near.

The Fast That Followed and the Weeping

He went back into his prayer and his fast another forty days, until the angel stood before him again and said, "Ask of me one thing." Shimon asked, "What will the end of all this be?" The angel showed him the last wars, the armies of the west swallowing the armies of the east, Egypt made a desolation, the Euphrates running red, a brazen-faced king who would rob the rich and murder any man who spoke the words of the Shema (Hear O Israel) or named the God of Abraham, who would try to strike the Sabbath and the festivals out of the world for three years and a half.

Shimon covered his face and wept. "The children of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob will have nowhere to run in his days." The angel did not soften it. "Put flesh on the fire and you cannot save it from the smell," he said. "So it is with Israel. But whoever slips into an inner chamber and shuts the door will live, for it is written, Come, my people, enter into your chambers." Then the vision let him go, and Shimon bar Yochai stood alone again in the mouth of the cave, in the dark, with the whole shape of exile burning behind his eyes and the door of the chamber still open in his mind.


← All myths

From the tradition

Sources

2 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Otzar Midrashim, Midrashim of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai, Chapter, §1Otzar Midrashim, Nistarot de-Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai

Translation of the source text.Otzar Midrashim, New York, 1915 (Eisenstein; via Sefaria) · PD-US-pre-1929

These are the hidden things that were revealed to Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai when he was hidden in a cave from Caesar king of Edom, and he stood in prayer forty days and forty nights and began thus: "Lord God of hosts, how long will You be angry against the prayer of Your people?" (Psalm 80:5). Immediately the secrets of the end and sealed things were revealed to him, and he began to sit and expound, "And he looked on the Kenite" (Numbers 24:21). When he saw the kingdom of Ishmael that was coming, he began to say, "Is it not enough for us what the kingdom of wicked Edom has done to us, but also the kingdom of Ishmael?" Immediately Metatron, prince of the Presence, answered him and said to him, "Do not fear, son of man, for the Holy One, blessed be He, does not bring the kingdom of Ishmael except in order to save you from this wicked one, and He raises over them a prophet according to His will [see above, where he is called a foolish man and a master of the spirit], and he will conquer the land for them, and they come and hold it in greatness, and there will be great enmity between them and the sons of Esau." Rabbi Shimon answered him and said, "And from where [do we know] that they are a salvation for us?" He said to him, "And did not Isaiah the prophet say thus, 'And he saw a chariot with a pair of horsemen, a chariot of an ass, and a chariot of a camel' (Isaiah 21:7)? Why does he put the chariot of an ass before the chariot of a camel? He should only have said, a chariot of a camel, a chariot of an ass; rather, when he goes out riding on a camel, a kingdom blossoms in the hand of one who rides on an ass [the Messiah is poor and rides upon an ass, Zechariah 9:9]. Another interpretation: a chariot of an ass is like one who rides on an ass; from here [we learn] that they are a deliverance for Israel like the deliverance of one who rides on an ass."

Full source
Otzar Midrashim, Midrashim of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai, Prayer, §7Otzar Midrashim, Nistarot de-Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai

Translation of the source text.Otzar Midrashim, New York, 1915 (Eisenstein; via Sefaria) · PD-US-pre-1929

And the second king who will rise from the sons of Ishmael is a lover of Israel, and he mends the breaches of the Temple and makes war with the sons of Esau and kills their armies; and a king will rise whose name is Marwan and he will be a herder of donkeys, and they will take him from behind the donkeys and make him king; and the sons of Edom will rise against him and kill him, and one will rise in his place and he will have peace from all his sides, and he loved flocks and will die in peace. And another king will rise in his place and hold the kingdom by his sword and his bow, and quarrel will be in his days, once in the east and once in the west, once in the north and once in the south, and he makes war with all; and at the time when the western pillar falls upon the sons of Ishmael in Damascus the kingdom of Ishmael will fall, and of that time He said, "The Lord has broken the staff of the wicked" (Isaiah 14:5); and still with him the mighty ones of the sons of Kedar, a northeastern spirit will rebel against him and many slain will fall from him, the first at the Tigris and the second at the Euphrates and the third between them, and he flees from before them and they capture his sons and kill them and hang them on the trees. On that day the Lord will whistle for the fly, and the Holy One, blessed be He, is destined to whistle for the bees that are in the land of Ashur and they make war with the Ashkenazim, and a first king leads them and goes out who rebelled against their masters, as it is said, "Thus says the Lord, the Redeemer of Israel, his Holy One, to him who is despised of soul, to him who is abhorred of nations, to a servant of rulers" (Isaiah 49:7). And who is a servant of rulers? Say: these are the sons of Canaan who are most detested of all the nations; to a servant of rulers, that he will be a servant of rulers and he rebels against his master, and they gather to him and men who rebelled against their masters gather with them and make war with the sons of Ishmael and kill their warriors and inherit their money and property; and they are exceedingly ugly men and wear black and go out from the east and they are bitter and hasty, as it is said, "For, lo, I raise up the Chaldeans, that bitter and hasty nation" (Habakkuk 1:6), and all of them are horsemen, as it is said, "the horseman mounting" (Nahum 3:3), and they come from a far land to inherit dwellings not theirs, and they go up upon the height of mountains, and it is the high mountain of Israel, and they breach the Temple and extinguish the lamps and tear the doors. And further four other kings will rise, two of them revealed and two others will rise over them, and in their days the son of David will sprout, as it is said, "And in the days of those kings" (Daniel 2:44). And the likeness of the first king is an elderly man and his beard is not much, and the king is humble of knee, his eyes beautiful and his hair fair and black, and they stumble over him. And after him another will rise in dispute, and many armies will stand upon the river Euphrates, and in one day his armies of the north and of the south will fall and he will flee and be captured and imprisoned, and all the days he is in prison there will be peace in the land. And the fourth king loves silver and gold, and he is old and tall of stature and has a mole on the big toe of the right foot, and he makes coins of copper and hides them and stores them under the Euphrates with silver and gold, and they are stored for the king Messiah, as it is said, "And I will give you the treasures of darkness, and hidden riches of secret places" (Isaiah 45:3); and in his days a western horn will rebel and he will send two troops and they kill of the sons of the east, and he sends yet others; and at the beginning of the week (shemitah) the first year has no rain in it, and in the second half-famine, and in the third there will be great famine and no rain, and in the fourth middling, and in the fifth there will be great plenty, and in the sixth one star will sprout from the east and at its head a rod of fire like a spear, and the nations of the world say, "This star is for us," and it is not so, but it is of Israel, as it is said, "There shall step forth a star out of Jacob" (Numbers 24:17); and the time of its rising is in the first watch of the night until two hours, and it gathers fifteen days in the east and turns to the west and makes fifteen days, and if more, it is good for Israel.

And further I returned to my prayer and also to my fast of forty days until this angel was revealed to me and said to me, "Ask of me a thing." I said to him, "My lord, what will be the end of these?" The angel said to him, "After all these the sons of the west overpower with great armies and they come mixed and array war with the sons of the east who are in their land and kill them, and the remainder flee from before them and come to Alexandria, and of the sons of the west will pursue them and come there, and there will be a great war, and the sons of the east will flee from there and come as far as Egypt and capture it and take spoil and make it desolate, to fulfill what is said, "Egypt shall be a desolation" (Joel 4:19). And they will pass in the land of the gazelle and it will be finished in their hand, and whoever is captured will not return until Messiah comes." And when I heard this matter I wept very much. The angel said to him, "Shimon! Why are you weeping?" I said to him, "The children of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob will have no escape in his days." He said to me, "The matter is very hard; if you put flesh on the fire you cannot be saved from its smell, so Israel are not saved; and whoever comes into a chamber and flees and hides will be saved, as it is said, 'Come, my people, enter into your chambers' (Isaiah 26:20); 'Every one that is found shall be thrust through, and every one that is caught shall fall by the sword' (Isaiah 13:15); and they pass in the land of the gazelle and plunder, as it is said, 'And he shall enter into the countries, and shall overflow and pass through' (Daniel 11:40), and they come into the streams of the houses and they are in the midst, and there will be a great war of which all the prophets prophesied, and streams and the waters of the Euphrates will turn to blood, and the remainder will not be able to drink of it, and from there the kingdom of the east will be broken. And after all these a brazen-faced king will rise and make three years and a half, and at the beginning of his kingdom when he rises he takes the rich and clears out their money and kills them, and silver will not deliver its owners, as it is said, 'Their silver and their gold shall not be able to deliver them' (Ezekiel 7:19); and his counsel and his thought will not stand upon him; and whoever mentions 'Hear O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One' they will kill, and whoever says 'God of Abraham' will be killed, and they say, 'Let us all return to one nation and abolish the Sabbaths and the festivals and the new moons from Israel,' as it is said, 'And he shall think to change the times and the law' (Daniel 7:25); 'times', these are the festivals; and 'law', this is the Torah, as it is said, 'a fiery law unto them' (Deuteronomy 33:2); and in his days there will be great distress upon Israel, and whoever is exiled to Upper Galilee will escape, as it is said, 'For in mount Zion and in Jerusalem there shall be those that escape' (Joel 3:5), until dispute reaches and he kills of Israel until he reaches Damascus, and when he reaches Damascus the Holy One, blessed be He, gives help and success to Israel; and in his days there will be quarrel and war in the world, and city fights with its fellow and province with province and people with people and nation with nation, and there is no peace for one who goes out and comes in, as it is said, 'And I will bring distress upon men, that they shall walk like the blind' (Zephaniah 1:17). And the people of the Lord are tossed about and distress will be upon them three years, and they will be given into his hand until the end of the three years, as it is said, 'And they shall be given into his hand until a time and times and half a time' (Daniel 7:25); 'a time', a year; 'times', two years; 'half a time', half a year; it is found three years they abolish the decree and the prayer, as it is said, 'And from the time that the continual burnt-offering shall be taken away, and the detestable thing that causes appalment set up, there shall be a thousand two hundred and ninety days' (Daniel 12:11), and they are three years and a half. And a king will rise who sets them to deny, as it is said, 'And they shall set up the detestable thing that causes appalment' (Daniel 11:31), and he reigns three months; and afterward the sons of Ishmael make war with Edomites in the valley of Acco, and immediately Assyrians come upon them and capture them, as it is said, 'Nevertheless Kain shall be wasted, until Ashur shall carry you away captive' (Numbers 24:22); 'And ships shall come from the coast of Kittim' (Numbers 24:24), these are Edomites who are destined to rise at the end of days, and when they go out they go out like thieves, as it is said, 'If thieves came to you' (Obadiah 1:5) and so on; and they make war with the sons of Ishmael and kill many of them, and gather to the camp of Acco and crush iron to clay and break his legs to the toes and flee naked without horses, and legions from Edom join with them and come and make war in the valley of Acco until the horse sinks to his thigh in blood, and the children of Israel flee until they come to the valley of Jericho, and there they stand and say one to his fellow, 'Where are we fleeing and leaving our little ones and our wives?' and they return and make another war in the valley of Megiddo, and Edomites flee and go up into ships, and a wind goes out and brings them to Ashur and they afflict Assyrians and Transjordan. And at the end of nine months the sons of Ashur will go out and destroy the children of Israel and the sons of Rome, as it is said, 'until Ashur shall carry you away captive' (Numbers 24:22). And when you see Assyrians going out and treading in the land of Israel they make peace, and Elijah of blessed memory goes out and announces peace to them, as it is said, 'And this shall be peace: when the Assyrian shall come into our land' (Micah 5:4); and the sons of Italy seek to fight with them and the kingdom returns to the sons of Ishmael a little, and they do not manage to bring out their wives before Ashur captures them; and immediately a heavenly voice goes out and announces in all places to the children of Israel: Go out and take the vengeance of the Lord on Edom, as it is said, 'And I will lay My vengeance upon Edom by the hand of My people Israel' (Ezekiel 25:14); and immediately the young men of the children of Israel gather and obey and they make king over them a king of the seed of David, and dispute falls between these and those, and the sons of the land of Israel rebel against the seed of David to fulfill what is said, 'So Israel rebelled against the house of David unto this day' (2 Chronicles 10:19)."

Full source