6 min read

Moses Knew the Name But Not How to Save Them

Joseph rises in Egypt and needs his father's arrival to silence whispers. Moses kills with the Name, Amalek attacks, and Korah opens the earth.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Joseph Could Not Silence Egypt Without His Father
  2. Moses Spoke the Hidden Name and an Egyptian Fell
  3. Amalek Attacked the Weakest Part of the Line
  4. Korah Stood at the Edge of the Pit He Had Made
  5. The Rock Gave Water Under Judgment

Joseph Could Not Silence Egypt Without His Father

Joseph had risen from the prison to the palace. He commanded Egypt's grain and administered its survival. He rode in the second chariot while Pharaoh rode in the first. But the Egyptian court still whispered. The man who now held power had arrived in chains. He had been a slave before he was a viceroy, and the court remembered. Joseph needed Jacob. When his father's caravan approached Egypt, Joseph prepared his own chariot and went to Goshen to meet him. The gesture was devotion, but it was also testimony. Let Egypt see the father. Let them see the brothers. Let them understand that this man came from a family with history, covenant, and standing. Shame cannot always be answered by achievement. Sometimes it can only be answered by lineage arriving in person. Joseph had everything Egypt could give a man, and he still needed his father to complete the argument.

Moses Spoke the Hidden Name and an Egyptian Fell

When Moses saw an Egyptian taskmaster beating a Hebrew worker, he looked both ways, saw no one, and killed the man. The Midrash adds what the Torah leaves unspoken. Moses did not strike the Egyptian with his hand. He pronounced the hidden Name of God, the name that creation itself had been made from, and the Egyptian died from the sound. The next day Moses found two Hebrews fighting and tried to intervene. The one who had started the fight answered: who made you a ruler and judge over us? Do you plan to kill me the way you killed the Egyptian? Moses was afraid. Not only of Pharaoh. He was afraid that the Name had been heard, that someone had been watching, that the most dangerous thing in the world had been uttered in public before Moses understood what he was doing with it. Power without preparation is a weapon that turns on the hand that holds it.

Amalek Attacked the Weakest Part of the Line

After the sea split and Israel crossed, Amalek came. They did not attack the front of the column where the warriors marched. They fell on the rear, cutting off the weak, the exhausted, the ones who had fallen behind. The Midrash reads Amalek as the first nation willing to test whether Israel was as protected as it appeared. The Flood generation had fallen. Sodom had fallen. Egypt had fallen. Every great power that had set itself against God's plan had been destroyed. Amalek looked at that record and attacked anyway, as if daring the pattern to apply to them. Moses held his hands up and Israel prevailed. His hands dropped and Amalek prevailed. Aaron and Hur supported his arms. By sunset, Amalek was defeated. But Amalek was not destroyed. The battle was declared eternal. God Himself would be at war with Amalek from generation to generation. Knowing the Name had not ended the conflict. It had clarified the stakes.

Korah Stood at the Edge of the Pit He Had Made

Korah organized two hundred and fifty men, all of them leaders, all of them carrying incense pans, and he stood before Moses and Aaron and said: you take too much upon yourselves. The entire community is holy. Why do you raise yourselves above God's assembly? Moses fell on his face. He had seen this before, the community turning against him, against Aaron, against everything that the wilderness had been built on. He proposed a test: in the morning, God would show who was holy. Each man would bring his fire pan, and the fire would decide. Moses then went to Dathan and Abiram, trying to address the grievance personally, and they refused to come. The morning came, the incense was offered, and the earth opened. Korah's household, Dathan, Abiram, and their families went down alive into Sheol. The fire came and consumed the two hundred and fifty. Moses knew the Name. He had spoken it before. But the Name had not made the community holy or made rebellion impossible. It had only ensured that rebellion would not be able to outlast its own consequences.

The Rock Gave Water Under Judgment

At the waters of Meribah, the assembly came against Moses and Aaron. Why did you bring us out of Egypt to die in the wilderness? There is no grain, no figs, no vines, no pomegranates, and no water. Moses and Aaron went to the entrance of the tent of meeting, fell on their faces, and the glory appeared. God told Moses to take the staff and speak to the rock and it would give water. Moses took the staff, gathered the assembly, called them rebels, and struck the rock twice. Water came out abundantly. The community drank and their animals drank. And God told Moses that because he had not trusted enough to sanctify God before the children of Israel, he would not bring the congregation into the land. Moses knew where the Name's power ran. He had used it, carried it, transmitted it, and explained it. But he struck instead of spoke, and the water that came out abundantly was also the sentence that came down finally. The Name gave water and took the land in the same moment.


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Legends of the Jews 1:332Legends of the Jews

He’s risen from slavery to become a ruler, second only to Pharaoh himself! But beneath the surface of power, there’s a whisper of doubt, a nagging feeling that he’s still seen as an outsider.

The scene. Word arrives that his father, Jacob, is on his way. Relief washes over Joseph. Why? Because, as Legends of the Jews points out, Joseph was desperate to silence the whispers of the Egyptians. They couldn’t stop reminding each other that he was once just a slave who somehow gained power over them.

“Now,” Joseph thinks, according to the Legends, "they will see my father and my brethren, and they will be convinced that I am a free-born man, of noble stock." It wasn't just about a family reunion. It was about reclaiming his identity, proving his true lineage to a skeptical court. He wanted to show them he came from a good family, dispelling all doubts and prejudices.

Get this: in his eagerness to welcome his father, Joseph doesn't wait for his servants. He prepares his own chariot! A powerful man, a viceroy, personally attending to such a task? It seems like a small detail, but it has huge ramifications.

According to Legends of the Jews, this act of filial devotion, this simple act of love, had an unexpected consequence: it neutralized Pharaoh’s later pursuit of the Israelites after the Exodus! Pharaoh, too, prepared his own chariot with his own hands, driven by rage and regret. But because Joseph had already done the same out of love, Pharaoh’s action lost its potency. for a second. A son's love for his father, expressed in a seemingly insignificant gesture, echoes through history and impacts the fate of an entire nation. It's a reminder that even the smallest actions, done with the right intention, can have profound and far-reaching consequences. It makes you wonder what seemingly minor acts of kindness or devotion in our own lives might ripple outwards, shaping the world in ways we can't even imagine.

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Legends of the Jews 4:92Legends of the Jews

He sees an Egyptian taskmaster brutally beating an Israelite. Something snaps. But it wasn’t brute force that Moses used. No weapon was needed. According to Legends of the Jews, Moses simply pronounced the Name of God. And the Egyptian was dead.

The scene. The Israelites, witnesses to this act, are stunned. Moses, knowing the implications of what he's done, pleads with them: "The Lord compared you unto the sand of the sea-shore, and as the sand moves noiselessly from place to place, so I pray you to keep the knowledge of what hath happened a secret within yourselves. Let nothing be heard concerning it." He begs them for silence, for discretion. He asks them to be like the silent, shifting sands.

Secrets, as we know, rarely stay buried.

Moses's wish, alas, was not honored. The word got out about the Egyptian's death. And who betrayed him? None other than fellow Israelites: Dathan and Abiram, sons of Pallu, from the tribe of Reuben. These weren't just any Israelites; they were known for their audacity and their love of a good argument. Legends of the Jews paints them as troublemakers, plain and simple.

These two, consumed by malice, plotted to expose Moses. The next day, they staged a fight. A petty, manufactured squabble, all to draw Moses in. Their plan worked perfectly.

Seeing Dathan raise his hand to strike Abiram, Moses intervenes, exclaiming, "O thou art a villain, to lift up thy hand against an Israelite, even if he is no better than thou." It's a moment of frustration, a plea for unity among his people. But Dathan seizes the opportunity.

Dathan retorts, dripping with sarcasm and veiled threat: "Young man, who hath made thee to be a judge over us, thou that hast not yet attained to years of maturity? We know very well that thou art the son of Jochebed, though people call thee the son of the princess Bithiah, and if thou shouldst attempt to play the part of our master and judge, we will publish abroad the thing thou didst unto the Egyptian. Or, peradventure, thou harborest the intention to slay us as thou didst slay him, by pronouncing the Name of God?"

Wow. He throws everything at Moses: his uncertain parentage, his youth, his presumption. And the ultimate threat: expose his secret, the power he wielded, the death he caused. It's a chilling moment of betrayal.

What does this tell us? Perhaps it's a reminder that even in moments of extraordinary power, human flaws – envy, resentment, the desire for control – can derail the best intentions. Even as Moses tries to protect his people, some among them are ready to tear him down. This sets the stage for the complex and very human story of the Exodus. The journey wasn’t just about escaping slavery; it was about working through the complexities of human nature, the burden of leadership, and the weight of secrets.

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Legends of the Jews 1:116Legends of the Jews

Some enemies hate you for what you've survived. No sooner did Amalek hear that the Israelites had finally escaped Egypt than he sprang into action. He raced after them, intercepting them at the Red Sea. According to Legends of the Jews, Moses invoked the Shem HaMephorash, the Ineffable Name of God, and Amalek, utterly confounded, was forced to retreat. He couldn't harm them, not then.

Amalek wasn't one to give up easily. He tried hiding, ambushing the Israelites, harassing them from the shadows. Picture a relentless game of hide-and-seek, a constant, gnawing threat. Eventually, though, even that proved futile. Amalek, frustrated and seething, decided to reveal himself as the outright enemy of Israel.

He didn't stop there. Amalek went on a recruitment drive, trying to rally all the surrounding heathen nations to join his cause against Israel. "Come on," he urged, "help me wipe them out!" The nations, however, were wary. They'd witnessed the fate of the Egyptians at the Red Sea. Who wanted a repeat of that?

Amalek, ever the strategist, came up with a plan. "Follow my expedition," he proposed. "If Israel defeats me, you can always run. But if I succeed, you can join me in finishing them off!" Crafty. So, Amalek marched from his settlement in Seir. Now, get this: his home was a staggering four hundred parasangs – an ancient Persian unit of distance; roughly equivalent to a league or 3 miles – away from the Israelite encampment. A seriously long trek! And what's more, as Ginzberg's Legends of the Jews points out, five other nations – the Hittites, Hivites, Jebusites, Amorites, and Canaanites – lived between Amalek and the Israelites. Yet, Amalek insisted on being the first to declare war. He had to be first.

Why the rush? Why the relentless pursuit? That's the question that echoes through the ages. What is it about Amalek that makes him such a persistent, almost archetypal enemy? Perhaps it's the sheer audacity, the willingness to strike first, the refusal to let go of animosity. Whatever the reason, the story of Amalek serves as a powerful reminder of the enduring nature of conflict and the importance of vigilance. It makes you wonder, doesn’t it, what "Amalek" represents in our own lives, and how we can strive to overcome it.

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Legends of the Jews 5:16Legends of the Jews

Reached the absolute limit of what you can do to help someone, and they just... won't listen?

Well, Moses knew that feeling. And the story of Korach's rebellion really brings it home.

We've talked before about Moses, the ultimate leader, lawgiver, and prophet. But even he faced moments of utter frustration. leading the Israelites through the desert wasn’t exactly a walk in the park. Constant complaining, questioning, and outright rebellion were practically daily occurrences.

The story of Korach, Dathan, and Abiram? It's a prime example. These guys, fueled by envy and ambition, challenged Moses's leadership. They stirred up trouble, questioning his authority and sowing discord among the people.

Now, after God's instructions regarding the impending punishment for Dathan and Abiram, Moses, ever the compassionate leader, doesn't just throw up his hands and say, "Okay, fine, be that way!" No, he makes one last attempt. He goes to Dathan and Abiram, trying to warn them, to reason with them, to get them to see the error of their ways.

But they refuse. Stubbornly, defiantly, they stay put in their tents, unmoved by Moses's pleas.

Can you imagine the weight on Moses's shoulders at that moment? He's tried everything. He's pleaded, he's reasoned, he's warned. Nothing. It's a truly human moment for this larger-than-life figure.

And it’s then that Moses utters those powerful words: "Now, I have done all I could, and can do nothing more." Think about the resignation, the sadness, maybe even a touch of anger in that statement.

He then turns to the rest of the Israelites and gives them a clear, stark warning. "Depart, I pray you, from the tents of these wicked men." He reminds them of Dathan and Abiram's past transgressions. He recalls how "in Egypt they betrayed the secret of my slaying an Egyptian; at the Red Sea it was they that angered God by their desire to return to Egypt; in Alush they broke the Sabbath." As Legends of the Jews retells it, these weren't just isolated incidents; they were part of a pattern of defiance.

Moses emphasizes the seriousness of the situation. "Touch, therefore, nothing of theirs, lest ye be consumed in all their sins." This isn't just about physical possessions; it's about spiritual contamination. It's about avoiding the consequences of their actions.

This story, as found in the Torah and expanded upon in works like Legends of the Jews by Louis Ginzberg, isn't just a historical account. It's a powerful lesson about leadership, responsibility, and the limits of human influence. Sometimes, despite our best efforts, people choose their own path, even if that path leads to destruction.

And sometimes, all we can do is step back and let the consequences unfold. A tough lesson, but a vital one.

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Legends of the Jews 5:55Legends of the Jews

The Israelites, thirsty and weary, gathered around Moses, desperate for water. Moses, understandably, felt the pressure. He thought to himself, according to the legend, "If I speak to the rock, bidding it bring forth water, and nothing happens, I’ll be humiliated in front of everyone! They'll say, 'Where is thy wisdom?'" Can you imagine the weight of that expectation?

So, Moses addresses the people, explaining that while God can perform miracles, He hadn’t revealed which rock would yield water. He says something like, "When God doesn't want a person to know something, their wisdom is useless." Moses then gently slides his staff down the rock, uttering, as if speaking to the people, "Shall we bring you forth water out of this rock?"

The rock, of its own accord, begins to produce water! It’s a miracle! But then, Moses strikes the rock with his staff. And instead of water, blood flows forth. What?!

A perplexed Moses cries out to God, "This rock brings forth no water!" And God immediately turns to the rock, asking, "Why are you bringing forth blood instead of water?" The rock's reply? "O Lord of the world! Why did Moses strike me?"

The tension is palpable. God asks Moses why he struck the rock. Moses's response: "So that it might bring forth water!" But God’s reply is cutting. "Did I tell you to strike the rock? I only said, 'Speak to it.'"

According to this legend, Moses attempts to defend himself, saying he did speak to it, but nothing happened. But God isn't buying it. He reminds Moses that he taught Israel to judge their neighbors righteously. Why, then, didn’t Moses judge the rock righteously? This rock, which, the story implies, sustained Moses in Egypt, providing him with honey. God asks, “Is this how you repay it?”

It gets even worse. God accuses Moses of calling His children fools. “If you are a wise man," God says, "it does not become you to have anything further to do with fools, and therefore you shall not with them learn to know the land of Israel.” Ouch.

And then comes the hammer blow: Neither Moses, his brother Aaron, nor his sister Miriam, will set foot in the promised land.

Apparently, in Egypt, God had already warned Moses and Aaron against calling the Israelites fools. And at the waters of Meribah (the waters of strife) at Kadesh, when Moses, without Aaron protesting, did call them fools, their fate was sealed. The punishment of death, in a way, was decreed.

Finally, God instructs the rock to turn the blood back into water, and it obeys.

What are we to make of this story? It seems harsh, doesn't it? Moses, the leader who brought the Israelites out of slavery, is denied entry into the promised land for what seems like a relatively small transgression. But perhaps that's the point. Leadership comes with immense responsibility. And those in positions of power are held to a higher standard. As we find in Midrash Rabbah, even a small mistake can have huge consequences.

The story also highlights the importance of listening to God's instructions precisely. Moses was told to speak to the rock, not strike it. By deviating from the divine command, he demonstrated a lack of faith, a lack of trust in God's power.

The Zohar, a central text of Kabbalah, might suggest that Moses's striking of the rock represents a forceful, even aggressive approach, when a gentler, more compassionate approach was required. Perhaps the lesson is that we must always strive to act with wisdom, compassion, and unwavering faith in God's guidance. And remember, even the greatest among us are capable of making mistakes, and sometimes, those mistakes have profound and lasting consequences.

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