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Sages Argued Over Elijah's Tribe Until Elijah Claimed Rachel's Line

Two sages traded verses over which tribe owned the prophet, and neither would give ground. Then the door opened and Elijah walked into the argument.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Tenant Who Would Not Water the Orchard
  2. Who Blesses the Ones Who Bless
  3. Leah Names a Son and Cannot See Past the Name
  4. Two Verses Pulled From Both Ends
  5. The Prophet Standing in the Doorway

Abraham stood over his grown son with his hand raised, and did not bring it down.

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Isaac waited. The blessing was ready. It had been ready for years. Then Abraham saw what was folded up inside the boy, two grandsons, one of them Esau, and his hand stopped in the air above Isaac's hair.

The Tenant Who Would Not Water the Orchard

A king once handed an orchard to a tenant to work and to guard. Two trees grew in it. One gave a drug that kept a man alive. The other gave a poison that killed him. Over the years their roots ran together under the ground and their branches locked overhead.

The tenant stood with the water jar in his hands.

"How do I water the good one without watering the other?" he said. "There is no way to give one a drink and keep it from the second. I will leave them both until the owner of the orchard comes, and let him do what he wants with them."

Abraham set the jar down. "Let the Master of the world come and bless whoever He wants," he said, and he blessed nobody. He died with the blessing still in his mouth, and Isaac died after him, and only then did God come to Jacob on the road back from Padan Aram and bless him directly, with no human hand between them.

Who Blesses the Ones Who Bless

God had told Abraham at the start that his own blessing would run ahead of God's own. Not only would God bless him. Abraham himself would become the one who hands blessing out, and the whole world after him would be blessed through his mouth and his children's mouths.

"I will bring a tribe out of your sons who will bless Israel," God told him. "They will be called Levi."

Abraham heard the flaw in it at once. "Master of the Universe, and who blesses that tribe?"

"When they bless Israel, I will bless them."

Leah Names a Son and Cannot See Past the Name

Generations later a woman in a crowded tent heard a child cry and reached for a word. Leah had rivals in that tent and sons already sleeping in it. "Fortune has come," she said, and called the boy Gad.

She meant her own relief. The sages who came after her heard something else in the syllable, because the root that makes the word for fortune also makes the word for cutting down. Fortune has come. The one has come who will cut down the foundation under the nations of the world.

That one was Elijah, and Leah went on nursing the baby and knew none of it.

Two Verses Pulled From Both Ends

Centuries after the prophet had gone up in fire, the study hall split over which tribe he had come from.

Rabbi Eliezer put down a genealogy from the house of Benjamin, a short list of brothers with an Eliyah standing in the middle of it, and closed the book. Benjamin.

Rav Nehorai answered with the prophet's own first line in Scripture, where he walks in on King Ahab out of nowhere and calls himself Elijah the Tishbite, of the settlers of Gilead. Gilead is Gad's country. Gad.

Each of them reached over and bent the other's proof. That list of Benjamin's sons, Nehorai said, is not a family record at all. Read the three names in a row and they say what the prophet does: when God shakes His world, Elijah stands up and speaks the merit of the fathers, and God is filled with mercy. Eliezer would not have it. "Settlers of Gilead" does not mean the man farmed there. It means he sat where the court sat, in the Chamber of Hewn Stone.

Neither would yield. Verse against verse, and the man himself dead these many centuries and not available to ask.

The Prophet Standing in the Doorway

Then he came in and stood in front of them.

The room stopped. Elijah waited until they had all turned around, and then he asked them a question instead of answering one.

"My masters, why are you dividing me up?"

Nobody spoke.

"I am from the sons of the sons of Rachel," he said, and left them with it.

Rachel, who died on a road with her second son barely out of her body. Rachel, who is not Leah, and not Zilpah, and not the mother of Gad at all. Two men had spent the afternoon assigning a prophet to a tribe, the way Abraham had once been asked to assign a blessing to a son, and both times the assignment came back out of human hands. The books stayed open on the table. The argument was over and neither side had won it.


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The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 128:1Yalkut Shimoni on Torah

Translation of the source text.Torat Emet (Yalkut Shimoni) · CC-BY-NC

(Genesis 30:11) "And Leah said: Fortune has come [ba gad]." The good fortune of the house has come, the good fortune of the world has come; there has come the one who is destined to cut down the foundation of the nations of the world. Who is that? Elijah. Elijah from which tribe? Rabbi Eliezer says he was of Benjamin, as it is said, "and Yaareshyah and Eliyah and Zichri, the sons of Yeroham... all these were of the sons of Benjamin." Rav Nehorai says he was of Gad, as it is written (1 Kings 17:1), "and Elijah the Tishbite, of the settlers of Gilead, said." How does Rabbi Nehorai uphold the verse cited by Rabbi Eliezer, "and Yaareshyah and Eliyah"? They are homiletic [readings of the names]: at the hour when God shakes His world, Elijah recalls the merit of the fathers and the Holy One, blessed be He, is filled with compassion. And how does Rabbi Eliezer uphold the verse cited by Rabbi Nehorai, "of the settlers of Gilead"? He was one of those who sat in the Chamber of Hewn Stone. Once our rabbis disputed about him, these saying he was of Benjamin and those saying he was of Gad. He came and stood before them and said: My masters, why do you dispute about me? I am of the children's children of Rachel.

(Genesis 30:13) "And Leah said: In my happiness, for the daughters have called me happy." Rabbi Levi said: Asher never lodged in an inn in his life [his land was so abundant]. Asher inherited boulevards that Judah did not inherit lands; this is what is written (1 Chronicles 7:30-31), "and the sons of Asher: Yimnah and Yishvah and Yishvi and Beriah, and Serah their sister... he was the father of Birzayit." Rabbi Levi said: their daughters were beautiful and were married to priests who were anointed with olive oil. Rabbi Siman said: they were married to kings who were anointed with olive oil.

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Midrash Tanchuma, Lech Lecha 4Midrash Tanchuma

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Townsend 1989 translation of Midrash Tanhuma, S. Buber Recension · CC-BY

And I will bless thee and make thy name great, and be thou a blessing (Gen. 12:2). And I will bless thee implies: I Myself will bless thee. I will make thy name great indicates that your name will be exalted throughout the world. What do the words and be thou a blessing signify? They signify that your blessing will precede My blessing. That is why (in the Amidah prayer) the passage “Shield of Abraham” precedes the prayer “Revive the Dead.” Another comment on Be thou a blessing. The Holy One, blessed be He, said to him: From the time I created My world, I had to bless My creatures. I blessed Adam and Eve, as it is written: And He blessed them (ibid. 1:28), and Noah and his sons, as it is said: And God blessed Noah and his sons (ibid. 9:1), but henceforth, you shall confer blessings.

When Isaac reached maturity, Abraham wanted to bless him, but he foresaw that both Esau and Jacob would descend from Isaac and so he would not bless him. Abraham said: Let the Master of the world come and bless whomsoever He desires. This may be compared to a king who gave an orchard to a tenant to cultivate and to guard. In the orchard there was one tree that yielded the elixir of life and another that yielded a deadly poison. In the course of time these trees became intertwined. The tenant said: “How can I water the healthy tree without watering the other? Surely, it is impossible to water one without nourishing the other. I will leave them until the owner of the orchard arrives, so that he may do whatever he deems best.” Similarly, Abraham said to himself: “I cannot bless Isaac, for Esau will descend from him; I will leave him to the Master of all blessings. Let the Holy One, blessed be He, do as He desires.”

After Abraham and Isaac passed away, the Holy One, blessed be He, blessed Jacob on his own behalf, as it is said: And God appeared unto Jacob when he came from Padan-aram and blessed him (Gen. 35:9).

Another explanation of And I will bless those who bless thee (ibid. 12:3). The Holy One, blessed be He, said to him: I will cause a tribe to descend from among your sons that will bless Israel, and it will be called the tribe of Levi. “Master of the Universe,” he replied, “but who will bless that tribe?” The Holy One, blessed be He, responded: When they bless Israel, I will bless them, as it is said: So shall they put My Name upon the children of Israel, and I will bless them (Num. 6:27). The Holy One, blessed be He, said unto Israel: In this world the tribe of Levi will bless you, but in the world-to-come I Myself will bless you, as it is said: The Lord blessed thee, O habitation of righteousness, O mountain of holiness (Jer. 31:22).

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