Parshat Sh'lach6 min read

The Giants Whose Names Were Threats and the Spies Who Shrank

Three towering brothers boasted that no one dared face them, and twelve scouts saw themselves as insects while one man broke away to beg the dead for courage.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Brothers Who Embraced the Sun
  2. The Words That Walked Among the Trees
  3. The Sin Hidden in a Single Phrase
  4. One Man Climbed to the Graves
  5. The Lowliest City in the Land

The scouts climbed the hill country expecting villages and vineyards. What met them in the high groves were bodies so large the men had to tip their heads back to find the faces. These were the Nephilim, the fallen ones, the offspring of angels who had tumbled out of their holy places in heaven and never climbed back. They had not crawled up from the earth. They had dropped from the sky, and the height was still in them.

Three of them ruled the groves above Hebron, and they were brothers. The first was Ahiman. His name was a dare he said aloud to anyone who came near. "My brother stands with me," he would call down, "so who will come against me?" The second was Sheshai, named for marble, because his body was hard as cut stone and nothing the spies carried could have so much as scratched him. The third was Talmai. When he walked he dragged the ground open behind him, splitting the soil into furrows the way a plow tears a field, and that was where his name came from, from the long wounds he left in the earth.

The Brothers Who Embraced the Sun

People called the three of them the children of Anak, and the name itself was a measurement. They were so tall that their necks reached up and choked the sun, throttling its light in their throats as if the day belonged to them and they could close their hands around it whenever they pleased. Their city carried the count of them in its name. Kiriath-arba meant the City of Four, named for one father and his three enormous sons, so that even the gate a traveler passed under announced how many giants waited inside.

The spies stood in the shadow of all this and felt themselves dwindle. Ten of them looked at the brothers and could not imagine surviving them. The fear curdled fast into a verdict, and they carried it back in their mouths like a stone. "The people are stronger," they would say, and the word for stronger pointed upward, past the giants, as though even heaven could not pull this land away from the Anakim.

The Words That Walked Among the Trees

There was a moment in the groves the spies could not unhear. They had crept in among the high trees, small and hidden, when the Nephilim began to talk above them. The giants were squinting up into the branches, puzzled, pointing. "Look," one of them said, "there are grasshoppers up in the tops of the trees, and the strangest thing, they have the shape of men."

The spies had become insects to the eyes of the fallen. Later they would repeat it as their own confession. "We were like grasshoppers in our own eyes," they said, and that part was honest fear. But they added more. "And so we were in their eyes." That second half was the sentence that doomed them. No one had told them what the giants saw. They had decided it, and they had decided the worst.

The Sin Hidden in a Single Phrase

Heaven heard the addition and went cold. The first half could have been forgiven, a man frightened of a creature that throttles the sun. The second half was different. Who told the spies they looked like vermin and not like messengers from above? Who told them that the giants did not flinch to see them, that the men did not appear in those huge eyes as something sent, something to be feared in turn? They had not known what they were in the eyes of the Nephilim. They had only assumed they were nothing, and the assumption became a curse spoken against themselves.

For that sentence the decree fell. A day of scouting for a year of wandering, the number of days they had walked the land turned into the number of years they would die in the wilderness for it. The men of flesh and blood who had shrunk themselves would not cross into the land. Their own tongues had clipped their wings.

One Man Climbed to the Graves

While the ten built their case, one scout slipped away from the others and went up alone to Hebron. Not one of the rest set foot there. Caleb went by himself, and he did not go to measure the giants or count the city's gates. He went to the cave where the fathers were buried, and he threw himself down on the graves of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, pressing his face to the dust over their bones.

"Beg mercy for me," he said into the ground. "Pray that God deliver me from the plan of the spies." He could feel the verdict forming in the others before they spoke it. He had heard the same giants, seen the same throats swallowing the sun, and the fear was in him too. So he carried it to the only place he trusted, down among the dead who had walked this land first, and he asked the buried patriarchs for the courage the living men beside him had already thrown away.

The Lowliest City in the Land

The ground he wept on was, by every ordinary measure, nothing. Hebron was the poorest of the cities, a burial place and little more, and it had been built seven times over before Zoan of Egypt rose, the proud city of Pharaoh's princes and ambassadors. A builder with two houses to raise always builds the beautiful one first and saves the leftover stones, the rubble, for the second. Hebron had been raised first. The good stones had gone into it. The refuse had gone to Zoan.

So the worst place in this land outranked the best place in Egypt, and the giants who choked the sun stood guard over graves that were worth more than all the palaces of the Nile. Ten men looked at the brothers and saw insects in a mirror. One man looked past the brothers, lay down on the dust, and asked the fathers to make him large again.


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The texts this telling draws on, in full. Open a card to read inline, or expand it for a wider, quieter read.

Midrash Aggadah, Numbers 13:33Midrash Aggadah

"And there we saw the Nephilim." And why were they called Nephilim? Because they were from the angels who fell (nafelu) from their place of holiness, from heaven. "And so we were in their eyes." And from where do we know that they were like grasshoppers in the eyes of the Anakim? Because those were exceedingly tall, and the spies were short like grasshoppers in their eyes because of their height. And there was an incident: for once the spies were among the trees and saw those Nephilim, and the spies heard the Nephilim saying, "We see at the tops of the trees grasshoppers that have the form of human beings."

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Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Sh'lach 11:1Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Sh'lach

"Then he said to them: Go up here into the Negev, [and go up into the hill country]" (Numbers 13:17). While they were going up, R. Berekhyah the Priest [son of Rabbi] said: They found there three sons of the giants, Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai (Numbers 13:22). Why was his name called Ahiman? Because he would say, "My brother (achi), who (man) will come against me?" Sheshai, because he was as firm as marble (shayish). Talmai, because he would go and make furrows (telamim) in the earth. "Children of Anak (yelidei ha-anak)," because they would embrace (onkim) the sun.

When the spies saw them, they were afraid. Immediately they went and said, "For it is stronger than we" (Numbers 13:31). Resh Lakish said: They directed it upward [as though to say God Himself could not prevail]. And on account of that sin, evil decrees were decreed upon them. What does the Holy One, blessed be He, say to Jeremiah? "Go, say to them: You do not know what you have brought forth from your mouth, on a day of great tumult" (Jeremiah 11:16).

They said, "And we were in our own eyes like grasshoppers" (Numbers 13:33). The Holy One, blessed be He, said: I would have overlooked that, but rather [they added], "and so we were in their eyes" (ibid.). Who says you were not in their eyes like angels? Did you know what I made you in their eyes? What have you brought upon yourselves "by the number of the days in which you spied out the land" (Numbers 14:34)? And as if this were not enough, they did not enter the land. The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Israel: In this world, because the ones sent were of flesh and blood, it was decreed upon them that they should not enter the land. But in the world to come I will suddenly send My messenger, and he will clear a way before Me, as it is said, "Behold, I am sending My messenger, and he will clear a way before Me, [and suddenly the Lord whom you seek will come to His temple]" (Malachi 3:1).

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Midrash Aggadah, Numbers 13:22Midrash Aggadah

"They went up into the Negev, and he came to Hebron" (Numbers 13:22). This teaches that none went there except Caleb alone; and he went there to prostrate himself upon the graves of the fathers, and he said: Seek mercy upon me, that God, blessed be He, deliver us from the counsel of the spies.

"And there were Ahiman." And why was his name called Ahiman? Because everyone who saw him thought of him as though a high mountain were falling upon him, and he would say: From where is this one who has come upon me ("ach me-ayin," whence)? "Sheshai", for he was hard as marble (shayish). "Talmai", why was his name called Talmai? Because he made the earth into furrows upon furrows (telamim).

"The children of the giant ('Anak)." This teaches you that the Anakim are the children of the giant; and why were they called Anakim? Because they choke (me'ankim) the sun with their necks. And that place was called Kiriath-arba (City of Four) on account of the father and his three sons.

"And Hebron was built seven years," etc. Now is it possible to say that Ham, who built both of them, first built a city for Canaan, who was his younger son, before he built a city for Mizraim, who was his elder son? Rather, why is it said "it was built seven years"? It teaches that it was built seven times over Zoan of Egypt. From here you learn the praise of the Land of Israel. For behold, Hebron was nothing but a burial place, and it was the lowliest of all the cities of Israel; and Zoan was the most praised of all the land of Egypt, for in it were the princes of Egypt, as it is said, "For his princes are at Zoan, and his ambassadors come to Hanes" (Isaiah 30:4). And the lowliest in the Land of Israel was more praised than the best in the land of Egypt sevenfold, all the more so for the other cities of the Land of Israel, which were far, far more praised.

And there are those who explain: "seven years" literally, Hebron was built seven years before Zoan, and Scripture speaks of the praise of the Land of Israel. For behold, the one who built this also built that, and one who has two houses to build certainly builds the beautiful one first, and he places all the goodly stones in the first, and in the second he places only those remaining from the first, which are the refuse. And had Hebron not been more praised than Zoan, he would not have built it first.

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Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 321Exempla of the Rabbis (Gaster, 1924)

When Moses sent twelve spies into the land of Canaan to scout the territory before the Israelite invasion, ten of them came back terrified. "We saw giants there," they reported. "The Nephilim, the sons of Anak. And we were in our own eyes like grasshoppers, and so we were in their eyes" (Numbers 13:33).

The biblical text gives us the fear. The folk tradition gives us the details. According to the midrashic (rabbinic interpretive commentary) elaboration preserved in various manuscripts including the Parma codex (541), the giants of Canaan were so enormous that the spies literally could not comprehend what they were seeing. These were not merely tall men. They were beings of impossible scale.

One tradition holds that the spies hid in a pomegranate, and even the fruit of that land was large enough to conceal twelve grown men. Another describes the giants picking up the spies between their fingers, examining them the way a person might examine an insect, then flicking them away in contempt. The spies were not exaggerating when they called themselves grasshoppers. From the giants' perspective, that is exactly what they were.

The giants ate entire cattle in single meals. Their footprints in the earth were large enough to serve as irrigation ditches. Their voices could be heard from miles away. When they walked, the ground shook, and smaller creatures fled in every direction.

But Joshua and Caleb, the two spies who brought back a favorable report, were not impressed. "Do not fear the people of the land," Caleb declared, "for they are our bread" (Numbers 14:9). The giants were large. God was larger. And size, the faithful spies understood, means nothing when the Creator of the universe is on your side.

The tale reminded Jewish communities across the centuries that the obstacles in front of you are never as large as the God behind you.

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Sifrei Devarim 25:7Sifrei Devarim

The ancient Israelites felt that way too, and their story, preserved in the Sifrei Devarim, offers a powerful lesson.

Let's rewind. The Israelites are poised to enter the Promised Land, but fear grips them. They've heard stories – terrifying stories – of the inhabitants, the nephilim, the giants. And the Sifrei Devarim, a collection of legal interpretations and expansions on the Book of Deuteronomy, captures their terror vividly.

"…and also the sons of giants did we see there," the text recounts. But it's not just about seeing giants, is it? The Sifrei goes on to explain that what they saw was worse, "giants atop giants". It's overwhelming, isn't it? The Psalms, in (Psalm 73:6), use similar imagery: "Therefore, pride bestrides them as a giant." It's not just physical size; it's the arrogance, the feeling of being invincible, that crushes you.

So, what's the response? Moses steps up, relaying a crucial message. "And I said to you… and in this thing…". What's so interesting is that he is very careful to emphasize that he doesn't speak for himself, but "at the behest of the Holy One, Blessed be He".

He tells them, "Do not break and do not fear them!" Easier said than done. But here's the heart of the message, the core of the encouragement. Why shouldn't they fear?

"(For) the L-rd your G-d who goes before you…" GOD is the one leading the way. He reminds them: "He who wrought miracles for you in Egypt, and all of these miracles is destined to perform miracles for you upon your entering the land." The One who parted the Red Sea, who brought forth water from a rock, who delivered them from slavery – that same power is with them now. The miracles weren't just a thing of the past; they are a promise of what is to come.

It's a powerful reminder, isn't it? When we face seemingly insurmountable obstacles, when we feel dwarfed by the "giants atop giants" in our own lives – whether it's a health crisis, a financial struggle, or a personal challenge – we, too, can draw strength from this ancient wisdom.

The message isn't that the giants aren't real, or that the challenges aren't daunting. It's that we are not alone. The same power that brought our ancestors through the wilderness, the same power that performed miracles in the past, is still available to us today. We just need to remember to look up, to remember the source of our strength, and to trust that we, too, can overcome even the tallest of giants.

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Legends of the Jews 4:97Legends of the Jews

Like the challenges in front of you are just. too big? Well, That's the situation the Israelites found themselves in, according to Legends of the Jews, as retold by Ginzberg.

It all started when the Israelites, fresh from their Exodus, were preparing to enter the Promised Land. Moses, ever cautious, sent out spies to scout the land of Canaan. But these weren't just ordinary soldiers; they were leaders, representatives of their tribes. What could possibly go wrong?

Plenty, it turns out. As soon as these spies entered Canaan, word reached three giants that the Israelite scouts were on their land. These weren’t your average, friendly giants,. They were… imposing. And their introduction was nothing short of terrifying.

In tale, one of the giants simply shouted. One shout! And the Israelite spies, these seasoned leaders, collapsed as if dead. Just… poof. Imagine the sheer power in that voice! It took the Canaanites a good long while – through friction and fresh air, no less – to revive them. Can you picture the scene? It sounds almost comical, if it wasn't so frightening.

Once the spies were back among the living, the Canaanites were understandably curious (and maybe a little annoyed). "Why are you here?" they demanded. "Isn't the whole world your God's? Didn't He divide it as He pleased? Did you come to chop down our sacred trees?"

The spies, probably still a little shaken from their near-death experience, quickly declared their innocence. They assured the Canaanites they meant no harm. And, surprisingly, the Canaanites believed them. They let the spies go, unmolested.

Now, here's where the story takes an interesting turn. As a reward for this act of kindness, for showing mercy to the Israelite spies, the nation to which these giants belonged was preserved, even "to this day," as Ginzberg writes. That's a powerful statement. It suggests that even a single act of kindness, even towards a potential enemy, can have lasting consequences.

What's the takeaway? Perhaps it’s a reminder that even when facing giants – whether literal or metaphorical – compassion and understanding can go a long way. And sometimes, the smallest act of kindness can have the biggest impact, echoing through generations. It makes you wonder, doesn't it, what "giants" we might be facing today, and what unexpected acts of kindness might help us – and them – along the way.

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Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Sh'lach 14:1Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Sh'lach

"Now Hebron was built seven years" etc. (Numbers 13:22), to make known the praise of the Land of Israel, that its refuse is more excellent than the land of Egypt. For at the time when the children of Noah inherited the world after the Flood, they built towns first, and not in the place of excellence, but rather they chose the refuse of the Land [of Israel, and Hebron is the refuse of the Land of Israel]; and Zoan is the best place in the land of Egypt, and this one preceded it by seven years. If you should say, "No, the one who built this one did not build that one," it is the generation, it is the family, "and the sons of Ham: Cush and Mizraim and Put and Canaan" (Genesis 10:6); and one arose and built this one before that one. So Hebron was built seven years before Zoan of Egypt.

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