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The Dying Sages Recited Psalms and Judah Spoke Before a Viceroy

Zavdi's mouth was already dry. He still found a psalm about a table prepared. In Egypt Judah had to find words with no book in his hand.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Three Beds, Three Verses
  2. Judah Stood Before a Man He Did Not Know
  3. What Shall We Say
  4. Joseph Shook Out His Purple Robe
  5. Jacob's Legs Stood on the Sea

Zavdi ben Levi was dying. The room smelled of fever and old wool. His children waited for instructions, for a will, for a last charge about the field. He opened his mouth and recited none of that. He recited Psalms.

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Three Beds, Three Verses

"For this let every pious man pray," he said, and then, "our heart rejoices in Him" (Psalms 32:6; Psalms 33:21). The first line is a man still asking. The second is a man who has already been answered. He threw both into the air while the body shut down.

Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi was dying in another house. He reached for a table. "You prepare a table before me," and then, "let all who put their trust in You rejoice" (Psalms 23:5; Psalms 5:12). The table was already set. Trust was the only thing left to bring to it.

Rabbi Yosei bar Patron was dying in a third bed. "For one day in Your courtyard is better," and then, "Your kindness is better than life" (Psalms 84:11; Psalms 63:4). He spent his last breath on a math problem. One day inside the Presence outweighed the years behind him.

No one wrote down what they left their children. They wrote down the verses. The sages were not improvising. They were dying inside a literature they had memorized, and they chose the lines that would carry them across.

Judah Stood Before a Man He Did Not Know

Judah stood in Egypt before a viceroy. He did not know he was standing before his brother Joseph. He knew only that the man in front of him held Benjamin in his hand, and behind Benjamin was Jacob's life, and behind Jacob's life was the question of whether the family survived at all.

There was no psalm book in that throne room. Judah had to find the words himself. He gave the whole history: the father, the dead son, the surviving son, the hostage who could not be brought to the old man in chains. He had done this kind of talking before, badly, in a field at Dothan, when the brothers wanted to kill Joseph and Judah said, what profit is there if we kill our brother and cover his blood. Let us sell him instead. The hand that would have moved toward the pit moved toward a different outcome. He had been trained in the wrong direction. He had still been trained to find words when there were none.

What Shall We Say

"What shall we say to my lord?" Judah asked. The question had more than one address. Tamar still sat in it. Bilhah sat in it. Dinah sat in it. And behind those names sat the old man in Canaan, and Joseph sold, and Simeon left as collateral, and Benjamin about to be kept.

If they claimed innocence, they would not be believed. If they admitted guilt, they condemned themselves. Rabbi Yitzchak said God was like a creditor who had waited for this hour, or like a man draining a barrel until only the dregs were left. Judah had no clean speech left. He offered the only thing he still owned. Himself.

Joseph had been waiting twenty years to see whether the brother who sold him would, when pressed against a wall in Egypt, do it again. Judah did the opposite. He put his own body in Benjamin's place.

Joseph Shook Out His Purple Robe

Joseph said the man in whose hand the goblet was found would be his slave, and the rest could go up in peace to their father. Rav Huna, in the name of Rabbi Aha, said Joseph shook out his purple robe when he said it, a royal oath, as if he would be stripped of the cloth if he broke the word.

The brothers did not take the peace. What kind of peace is it to walk home without Benjamin. The Divine Spirit still whispered a different peace, the kind that sits with those who love the teaching, but the throne room had not reached that verse yet. Joseph's face had not broken yet. Judah kept talking until it did.

The dying sages had reached for lines already written. Judah reached for an argument and found himself making the speech that opened his brother. Both mouths did the same work from the same interior place. This is what I have. This is who I am. Take what You take.

Jacob's Legs Stood on the Sea

Rabbi Pinhas, quoting Rabbi Hoshaya, said the Holy One took the legs of the patriarch Jacob and stood them on the sea, so the old man could watch the miracles that would be done for his children. Rabbi Huna widened it. God stood the feet of all the patriarchs on the water (Psalms 78:12).

Judah speaking in Egypt and Zavdi reciting in a sickbed are the same pair of legs, later, still trying to stand on something that should not hold a body. The sea held. The psalm held. The speech held long enough for Joseph to weep.

Zavdi's children never got the field instructions they wanted. Benjamin did not go into chains. The last words were not advice. They were the verses and the offer a man makes when there is nothing left to protect.


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From the tradition

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The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Bereshit Rabbah 92:2Bereshit Rabbah

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 · CC-BY

The ancient rabbis pondered this very question. In Bereshit Rabbah 92, a collection of rabbinic homilies on the Book of Genesis, we find a fascinating glimpse into the last words, or rather, the last verses, of several sages.

That Zavdi ben Levi, Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi, and Rabbi Yosei bar Patron each recited verses as they died. It's like they were drawing strength from the wellspring of Jewish tradition. One recited, "For this, let every pious man pray" (Psalms 32:6), followed by "for our heart rejoices in Him" (Psalms 33:21). Another said, "You prepare a table before me" (Psalms 23:5), and "But let all who put their trust in You rejoice…" (Psalms 5:12). The third offered, "For one day in Your courtyard is better" (Psalms 84:11), concluding with "for Your kindness is better than life" (Psalms 63:4). Some even suggest a fourth verse: "How great is your goodness" (Psalms 31:20).

Each set of verses speaks to faith, trust, and the enduring goodness of the Divine, providing a powerful message of hope as these rabbis faced their mortality. These aren’t just random selections. Each verse seems carefully chosen, a personal evidence of their relationship with God.

The passage doesn't stop there. It takes us back to a pivotal moment in Jewish history: the Exodus from Egypt.

Rabbi Pinḥas, quoting Rabbi Hoshaya, offers a stunning image. He says that the Holy One, blessed be He, took the legs of our patriarch Jacob and stood them on the sea, allowing him to witness the miracles that would be performed for his descendants. It's a breathtaking vision of ancestral connection and divine promise. This is supported by the verse, "When Israel departed from Egypt" (Psalms 114:1), which, in this context, is interpreted as referring to Israel the elder, Jacob himself.

Rabbi Huna, in the name of Rav Aḥa, expands on this idea, suggesting that God stood the feet of all the patriarchs on the sea! This is connected to the verse, "He performed wonders before their fathers" (Psalms 78:12). It's like the patriarchs themselves were present at the splitting of the Red Sea, witnessing the miraculous redemption of their children.

The passage then returns to the initial verse, "At the time of searching [le’et metzo]" (Psalms 32:6), offering several interpretations. It could refer to "at the time of completion [mitzui] of the day," perhaps alluding to evening prayer. Or "at the time of completion of the judgment," a time of reflection and reckoning. It may also mean "at the time of completion of the soul," perhaps referencing the moment of death, or even "at the time of completion of the accounting."

This last interpretation connects to the story of Jacob preparing his sons for their encounter with the Egyptian viceroy, as noted by Matnot Kehuna. According to Etz Yosef, once Jacob had done everything he could, "he began to pour forth supplications; 'And may God Almighty grant you mercy…'".

What does this all mean? It seems to suggest that prayer, reflection, and remembrance of God's faithfulness are crucial, especially in times of uncertainty and transition. Whether facing the challenges of life or the ultimate transition of death, these verses offer a framework for finding comfort and strength in our connection to tradition and to the Divine.

Remember the patriarchs standing at the edge of the sea. Remember the power of prayer and the enduring promise of God's mercy. And perhaps, like those sages of old, you too can find solace in the timeless wisdom of our tradition.

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Bereshit Rabbah 92:9Bereshit Rabbah

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 · CC-BY

Bereshit Rabbah turns to Joseph and Creation of Judah.

The Rabbis in Bereshit Rabbah don't just read the surface; they dive deep into the layers of meaning. Judah's words become a multi-layered confession, echoing past sins and foreshadowing future anxieties. "What shall we say to my lord?" is interpreted as referring to the incident with Tamar, Judah's daughter-in-law, where deception and hidden truths played a central role. "What shall we speak?" is linked to Bilhah, and "how shall we justify ourselves?" to the story of Dinah. In each case, the brothers' actions are presented in a morally ambiguous light, even if they didn't perceive them as sins at the time. The Etz Yosef commentary points out that the Torah itself seems to cast a shadow on their behavior.

The text doesn't stop there. It turns the same phrase towards their father, back in Canaan. "What shall we say to Father…regarding Joseph?" The unbearable question that has haunted them for years. "What shall we speak…regarding Simeon?" A reminder of the brother left behind in Egypt as collateral. "How shall we justify ourselves…regarding Benjamin?" Now, facing the potential loss of their youngest brother, the weight of their past actions crashes down upon them.

The Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary) continues, exploring the dilemma Judah faces. If they claim innocence, they risk being disbelieved. But if they admit guilt, they condemn themselves. "If we say to You that we sinned: It is revealed and known before You that we did not sin. If we say that we did not sin, 'God has revealed [matza] the iniquity of your servants.'" Rabbi Yitzchak uses vivid imagery, comparing God to a creditor seizing an opportunity, or someone draining a barrel, leaving only dregs. It’s a powerful image of complete exposure and vulnerability.

Then comes Joseph's (still disguised) response: "Far be it from me that I should do so; the man in whose hand the goblet was found, he shall be my slave and you, go up in peace to your father." Rav Huna, in the name of Rabbi Aḥa, offers a fascinating interpretation: Joseph's words, "Far be it from me," were accompanied by a dramatic gesture – shaking out his purple robe, a royal oath. As the Yefeh To'ar explains, it was as if he was saying he would be stripped of his authority if he broke his word.

But the brothers aren’t convinced. "This is peace that has been completely emptied of meaning," they retort. What kind of peace is it to return home without Benjamin? However, the Midrash ends on a hopeful note, with the Divine Spirit whispering, "[There will be] 'Great peace for those who love Your Torah'” (Psalms 119:165). Even in this moment of intense anxiety and uncertainty, the promise of ultimate peace, found through adherence to God's teachings, remains.

What does all of this mean for us? Perhaps it's a reminder that our actions, even those we consider insignificant, ripple outwards, creating consequences we may not foresee. It’s also evidence of the power of repentance, and the possibility of finding peace even amidst the dregs of our past mistakes. The Joseph story, as illuminated by Bereshit Rabbah, is not just an ancient tale, but a mirror reflecting our own human struggles with guilt, responsibility, and the enduring hope for redemption.

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