Parshat Mishpatim

1,870 related texts · 10 related myths · Page 5 of 39

A collection of civil and criminal laws covering slavery, damages, lending, and the covenant ceremony at Sinai. Exodus 21:1-24:18.

Michael and the Angels of Uzza

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 1:25

Take this story, for example, about the angel Michael, the angel Uzza, and a really sticky situation regarding the enslavement of the Israelites in Egypt. Here's the setup: the Isr...

AngelsPatriarchsHoly LandEgypt

Moses and the Angels of Egyptians

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 1:48

The familiar story is this: the Israelites, enslaved in Egypt, are finally led to freedom by Moses. But the Bible only gives us so much detail. What about the heavenly host? Were t...

MosesHoly LandEgypt

Angels Attend to Ezekiel

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 1:68

It wasn't just the adults celebrating freedom. According to Legends of the Jews, even babies stopped nursing, compelled to add their voices to the chorus! And unbelievably, the emb...

AngelsDemonsMosesJob

Ancient Riddles About Angels Abraham and the Messiah

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 5:75

They loved a good riddle, a clever paradox, and a chance to explore the hidden depths of Jewish thought. to a few of these ancient brain-teasers, culled from the tradition of Jewis...

PatriarchsElijahDanielMessiah

Nebuchadnezzar and the Angels of Alexandria

Ginzberg Legends of the Jews 10:18

Let me tell you about Nebuchadnezzar. For eighteen years, can you imagine, eighteen years daily, a heavenly voice boomed through his palace! This wasn't some quiet whisper; this wa...

DanielHoly LandAngelsJerusalem

Joseph's Brothers Sell Him Into Slavery

Josephus Antiquities II.3-4

Twenty pounds of silver. That was the price of a human life, the amount Joseph's own brothers accepted from a passing caravan of Ishmaelite merchants in exchange for their seventee...

JosephPatriarchsDreams & Visions

How Concealment Paradoxically Reveals God's Perfection

Kalach Pitchei Chokhmah Kalach Pitchei Chokhmah 30:27

It dives deep into the paradox of concealment and revelation, exploring how God's presence is both hidden and, strangely, revealed through that very act of hiding. Here's the rub: ...

MysticismAdam & EveRevelationNoah & Flood

Jacob Wrestles the Angel and Wins a New Name

Kabbalah & Mysticism Kedushat Levi, Vayishlach

"I have remained a stranger at Laban's" (Genesis 32:5). Rabbi Levi Yitzchak of Berditchev reports his father's brilliant reading of Jacob's message to Esau. The Hebrew word garti (...

PatriarchsAngelsGood and evil

Angels of the First Heaven Control the Weather

Kabbalah & Mysticism Sefer HaRazim, First Heaven

Sefer HaRazim (ספר הרזים), the Book of Mysteries, is a Jewish theurgic text dating to approximately the 3rd-4th century CE, making it one of the earliest structured works of Jewish...

AngelsHeavenly realmsCreationProtection

Their Ancestors Were Not Slaves in Egypt

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Pischa 10:9

The Torah specifies in (Exodus 12:19) that the laws of Passover apply to both "the proselyte and the citizen of the land." The Mekhilta explains why this explicit mention of the co...

Holy LandConversionHumorEgypt

God Demanded Obedience to His Laws as the Price of Leaving Egypt

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Bachodesh 6:5

The Mekhilta unpacks a subtle but powerful argument that God makes to Israel. The verse reads: "As the deeds of the land of Egypt in which you dwelt you shall not do" (Leviticus 18...

MosesEgyptCommandmentsAdam & Eve

What About an Ox That Kills by Biting

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Nezikin 10:3

The Torah specifies that a goring ox is put to death by stoning. But what about an ox that kills by biting, kicking, or trampling rather than goring? Are all forms of animal-inflic...

DeathHumorAnimalsViolence

But this is refuted by (the theft of) a blemished beast

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Nezikin 12:26

The Mekhilta raises an objection to the theory that the four-and-five payment applies only to animals that are sacrificed on the altar. If that were the rule, then a blemished anim...

TempleSacrificeAnimalsAdam & Eve

When God on My Wrath Shall Burn Against Those Who Afflict Widows

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Nezikin 18:21

"And my wrath shall burn", Rabbi Yishmael connected this phrase to a parallel verse in Deuteronomy through a gezeirah shavah, drawing devastating consequences for the affliction of...

ExileAbrahamDivine justiceWar

The Stranger This Refers to a Ger Toshav

Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael Mekhilta Tractate Kaspa 3:34

"and the stranger": This refers to a ger toshav (a "sojourning stranger [one who shuns idolatry and observes the seven Noachide laws]). But perhaps it refers to a ger tzedek (a "ri...

Divine justiceShabbatConversionAnger

The Angel Of Rain

Talmud Aggadah Ta'anit 25b

The tradition paints a rather… unusual picture. Imagine an angel resembling an ox with a split lip. Strange. But hold that image for a moment, because this angel's position is what...

CreationAngelsNoah & Flood

Noah and the Patriarchs of Laws

Midrash Aggadah Midrash Tehillim 2:5

There's a powerful, almost unsettling image in Midrash Tehillim, a collection of homiletic interpretations of the Book of Psalms. It speaks of someone being stripped bare, of havin...

PatriarchsHolidaysNoah & FloodWisdom

Moses the Eternal Stranger Longing for Home

Midrash Aggadah Midrash Tehillim 119:19

One that echoes even in the ancient words of Midrash Tehillim, a collection of rabbinic commentaries on the Book of Psalms. Specifically, The verse This isn't just a passive acknow...

MosesMessiahEgypt

Protecting Human Dignity in the Laws of Pledges

Sifrei Devarim Sifrei Devarim 277:1

When you really dig in, you find these incredible layers of compassion and ethical guidance. Take the laws about lending and taking pledges, for example. They're not just about con...

JudgmentAdam & EveProtectionKabbalah

The Forgotten Sheaf Left Behind for the Widow

Sifrei Devarim Sifrei Devarim 283:2

The Torah commands us, in (Deuteronomy 24:19), that when reaping our harvest, if we leave a sheaf in the field, we cannot go back to retrieve it. It must be left for the poor, the ...

MysticismWisdomCharityRain

What Counts as Death in the Laws of Levirate Marriage

Sifrei Devarim Sifrei Devarim 288:3

What happens when one of them passes away, leaving behind a wife but no children? Traditionally, Jewish law provides a specific path, one designed to both care for the widow and co...

JosephKabbalahAdam & EveDeath

Laws of Levirate Marriage When a Brother Dies

Sifrei Devarim Sifrei Devarim 289:4

The ones that govern life, death, and... well, levirate marriage? It's a mouthful, I know. But stick with me, because even in ancient texts, there are surprisingly human stories hi...

JosephDeathTribesKabbalah

Benjamin supported a widow with seven children

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 100

Benjamin the Righteous served as the guardian of the community charity fund. Every donation that came in, every disbursement that went out, passed through his honest hands. The peo...

WisdomAdam & EveCharityTribes

The story of Ben Sabar who helped an orphan to be married

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 137

The story of Ben Sabar who helped an orphan to be married. On his journey home he was met by the angel §5 of death. He went to the R. Shaffan b. Laish and was saved from death thro...

AngelsDeathCharity

Ben Sabar Outran the Angel of Death for Two Hundred Years

Midrash Aggadah Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 137

Ben Sabar was traveling home one evening when he came upon a young orphan girl weeping by the side of the road. She had no family, no dowry, and no one willing to marry her. Withou...

AngelsDeathCharityAdam & Eve

Rabbi Joshua Taught a Lesson by a Widow and a Child

Midrash Aggadah Eruvin 53b; Gaster, Exempla No. 236

Rabbi Joshua ben Chanania, one of the greatest sages of the first and second century CE, used to say: In my whole life, no one has ever bested me in argument, except a widow, a chi...

HumilityWisdomWomen of the BibleRabbis

How Benjamin the Righteous Made the Angels Argue With God

Midrash Aggadah Bava Batra 11a

Benjamin the Righteous was the keeper of the communal poor-box in his city. He had one job: to guard the coins and give them out to the hungry. In a year of famine a woman came to ...

CharityAngelsRighteousnessPoverty

The Bride Who Faced the Angel of Death For Her Groom

Midrash Aggadah Gaster, Exempla No. 138

The son of Rabbi Reuben the Libellarius was being married. The feast was in full swing. The music was loud, the wine was generous, and the family was radiant. An old stranger came ...

AngelsDeathMarriageElijah

The Widow at the Grave and the Borrowed Corpse

Midrash Aggadah Kiddushin 80b

The Talmud (Kiddushin 80b) tells a grim little tale to justify a rule about guarding appearances. Once a woman stood weeping over her husband's fresh grave. Not far off, a guard ke...

EthicsWomen of the BibleDeath

Ben Sabar, the Dragon, and the Sage Who Refused the Angel

Midrash Aggadah Gaster, Exempla No. 398

Ben Sabar was a man famous for his tzedakah. When word came that a poor couple in a distant town needed money for their wedding, he packed a sack of coin and set out without hesita...

AngelsDeathCharityMarriage

Chanina ben Dosa Carried a Stranger Home on His Shoulders

Midrash Aggadah Gaster, Exempla of the Rabbis No. 161

Rabbi Chanina ben Dosa once preached a sermon on the rabbinic teaching "Receive every man as a friend", every stranger, every wayfarer, every unknown face at your door. He finished...

AngelsEthicsRabbisCharity

Why Abraham's Children Would Live as Strangers

Midrash Aggadah Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Genesis 15:13

The Hebrew of (Genesis 15:13) is severe enough: know with certainty that your seed will be a stranger in a land not theirs, and they will afflict them four hundred years. Targum Ps...

PatriarchsExileDivine justice

Why the Angel Named Hagar's Son Ishmael in the Desert

Midrash Aggadah Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Genesis 16:11

In the wilderness, Hagar meets an angel. And the angel does what angels rarely do, he names a child. Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on (Genesis 16:11) keeps the name-meaning the Hebrew enc...

AngelsWomen of the BiblePrayerProphecy

Lot Greets the Angels From the Gate of His Tent

Midrash Aggadah Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Genesis 19:1

Evening falls over Sedom, and two angels arrive. The Hebrew of (Genesis 19:1) says Lot was sitting "in the gate of Sedom." The Targum catches a detail the plain reading hides. "Two...

AngelsRighteousnessEthics

Lot Insists the Angels Sleep Indoors Tonight

Midrash Aggadah Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Genesis 19:2

"Turn now hither," Lot says to the two angels, "and enter the house of your servant, and lodge, and wash your feet" (Genesis 19:2). The angels refuse. "No; for in the street we wil...

AngelsEthicsRighteousness

The Stranger Who Heard Prophecy Beyond the Veil

Midrash Aggadah Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Genesis 37:17

In the field outside Shechem, Joseph meets a man who tells him his brothers have moved on to Dothan. The Torah calls him simply a man. The sages identified him as the angel Gabriel...

AngelsProphecyMysticismExile

Four Hundred Years of Slavery Foretold to Abraham

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 44:18

"Know with certainty that your descendants will be strangers in a land that is not theirs, and they will be enslaved to them and they will oppress them, four hundred years.” That's...

CreationPatriarchsHumorWit

Jacob's Oxen and Donkeys Hold Messianic Symbolism

Midrash Rabbah Bereshit Rabbah 75:6

In the Torah, seemingly straightforward words often ripple with hidden depths, revealing layers of symbolism that speak to our history, our hopes, and our ultimate destiny. Take Ja...

CreationKing DavidMessiahProphecy

Jethro the Stranger Who Was Welcomed Into Israel

Midrash Rabbah Shemot Rabbah 27:5

The verse “Yitro…heard” (Exodus 18:1) sparks a fascinating connection to a seemingly unrelated verse from Job: “The stranger does not stay the night outside” (Job 31:32). What’s th...

CreationHeavenMosesKing David

We Have Become Orphans, Fatherless Our Mothers Are Like

Midrash Rabbah Eikhah Rabbah 5:3

“We have become orphans, fatherless; our mothers are like widows” (Lamentations 5:3).“We have become orphans, fatherless.” Rabbi Berekhya said in the name of Rabbi Levi: The Holy O...

RedemptionHoly LandWomen of the BibleCharity

The Ministering Angels Called Out Come

Midrash Tanchuma Midrash Tanchuma, Vayigash 4

Then Judah came near unto him (Gen. 44:18). Scripture states elsewhere in reference to this verse: And the envy of Ephraim shall depart (Isa. 11:13). Concerning whom did Isaiah utt...

JosephTribesHeresyWisdom

The Angel of the Presence Guides Israel in the Desert

Apocrypha Book of Jubilees 1:41

Our story begins not just at the beginning of time, but with the very blueprint for it. The Israelites are wandering in the desert, led by more than just Moses. The text says that ...

CreationHeavenAngelsTorah

The Passover Laws According to Jubilees

Apocrypha Book of Jubilees 49:12

The Book of Jubilees, also sometimes called Lesser Genesis, is a Second Temple Jewish retelling of Genesis and Exodus that was not included in the Hebrew Bible but survived in impo...

TorahHoly LandHolidays

Tobias Offers Half His Fortune to the Angel

Apocrypha Book of Tobit 12:3

The Book of Tobit, a beautiful story nestled within the Apocrypha, touches on just that. It's a tale filled with faith, healing, and the surprising intervention of angels. We find ...

HeavenAngelsPatriarchsMatriarchs

Freeing Jewish Slaves to Receive the Torah

Apocrypha Letter of Aristeas 1:16

Letter of Aristeas turns to Freeing Jewish Slaves to Receive the Torah. You're an advisor to a powerful king, and you're tasked with acquiring a copy of the Jewish law – the Torah....

TorahPrayerEgypt

The Torah's Laws as a Hedge Against Corruption

Apocrypha Letter of Aristeas 1:144

The Letter of Aristeas, a fascinating text that purports to describe the translation of the Torah into Greek, offers a glimpse into this very question. It suggests that these seemi...

MosesTorahKabbalahHeresy

Dietary Laws That Teach Virtue and Self-Control

Apocrypha Letter of Aristeas 1:150

A reader can dismiss them as arbitrary, ancient dietary restrictions. But what if there's something much deeper going on? Something about character, about virtue, about becoming th...

TorahHeresyKabbalahDivine justice

Hidden Wisdom Behind the Laws of Kashrut

Apocrypha Letter of Aristeas 1:162

A reader can dismiss them as outdated or just plain weird. But what if there's a deeper wisdom hidden within? The Letter of Aristeas, an ancient text, gives us a fascinating perspe...

TorahDivine justiceWisdomHeresy