Parshat Beshalach6 min read

Heaven Waited Until Dawn Before Egypt Drowned

Fire makes peace with hail, Gabriel holds back at the sea, and Michael waits for dawn to drown Egypt's sorcerers, because destruction must wait for command.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Hour Abraham Rose Early
  2. Two Legions Who Hated Each Other
  3. The Sea Called Them a Deposit
  4. Yochani and Mamre Made Wings
  5. The Gentle Ones and the Cruel Ones

They had asked Moses when, and he had said tomorrow, and they told him the truth back: there was no strength left in them for another day. So he prayed, standing between a sea that had not opened and an army they could already hear.

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What opened was their eyes. Squadrons of ministering angels stood drawn up on the sand in front of them in battle order, and the whole apparatus came into focus at once, since every piece of the sky over their heads turned out to be equipment. The hail was shot stacked for the catapults. The coals of fire were the engines. Thunder was shields banging together and boots coming down in step, and the voice from above was the scrape of weapons being cleaned before use. Israel had been standing inside an army all afternoon without knowing it.

Then the sun went down, and the army did not move.

The Hour Abraham Rose Early

Gabriel wanted to go in. Egypt was in the water by then, six hundred chariots and the men driving them, and Gabriel had the assignment and the reach and every reason on earth, since the men below him came from the country that had been throwing Hebrew infants into the river.

The Holy One told him to wait. Not for a better line of attack and not for a signal from the sea, but for an hour, the hour of the morning when their own forefather Abraham had got up early, saddled his donkey and gone out to do what he had been told (Genesis 22:3). Egypt had that on deposit, however far back it went, and the account would be honored before it was closed.

So Gabriel did not touch them all night. The two camps came nowhere near each other for the whole of it.

Two Legions Who Hated Each Other

He had a precedent for holding still, and it had come down on Egypt earlier that same year.

In the seventh plague, rain left heaven and turned to hail on the way down, because nothing evil keeps house beside the Holy One, and inside the hail there was fire. Not fire alongside it. Fire in it, showing through the ice the way the seeds show through a split pomegranate, burning without melting its own shell.

Fire and hail had been enemies since the day they were made, and they were two harsh legions of one king who had spent their whole existence fighting each other, until the king's own war came and they made peace between themselves long enough to go out and fight it for him. Once it held there it held everywhere. The firmament is water and the stars set in it are fire, and neither puts the other out. Michael and Gabriel stand next to each other and neither one burns. He makes peace in His high places (Job 25:2).

Gabriel held.

The Sea Called Them a Deposit

Egypt did not drown quietly. Their magicians worked in the water and the work took, so that men who should have been on the bottom came up through the surface and floated there, and for a stretch of that night it looked as though the sea would have to give back what it had been handed.

The sea refused. This is a deposit the Holy One left with me, it said, so how am I supposed to let it slip out of my hands? After that the water went hunting. It ran down each Egyptian separately, one wave shaped for one man, took him under and then went back up for the next one, until there was nobody left on the surface to argue with.

Yochani and Mamre Made Wings

Two of them got out. Yochani and Mamre, the two great sorcerers of Egypt, made themselves wings out of their own craft and went up out of the water. They cleared the spray, they cleared the wind, and they hung themselves at the roof of the world, where the sea could not reach and where the angel with the assignment had been told not to move.

Gabriel said the line that was about to be sung on the far shore. In the greatness of Your majesty You break those who rise against You (Exodus 15:7).

Michael was sent instead. He took the two of them by the hair at the crown of the head, the way a man picks up something he does not intend to carry far, and brought them down onto the water hard enough to break the heads of sea monsters (Psalms 74:13). That was dawn. Gabriel had waited the entire night for it and did not get to do it himself.

The Gentle Ones and the Cruel Ones

What came for the drowned was not one kind of thing either. Part of Egypt went into the hands of young angels, the gentle ones, and their dying took no longer than it had to. The rest were handed over to the cruel ones, because a cruel messenger is sent against a man for a reason (Proverbs 17:11), and the reasons had been kept.

Nothing in that water was general. Every man in it met an end cut to his own size, at an hour fixed by an old morning in Canaan when somebody's ancestor got up before the light, and by the time the water lay flat the far shore had already started singing.


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From the tradition

Sources

4 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 186:1Yalkut Shimoni on Torah

Translation of the source text.Torat Emet (Yalkut Shimoni) · CC-BY-NC

"He who feared the word of the LORD" (Exodus 9:20). From here Rabbi Shimon ben Yochai used to say: the best of the snakes, crush its brain. It is written, "And he took six hundred chariots" (Exodus 14:7). From where were they? If from the Egyptians, has it not already been said, "all the livestock of Egypt died" (Exodus 9:6)? If from Pharaoh, has it not already been said, "Behold, the hand of the LORD is upon your livestock" (Exodus 9:3)? If from Israel, has it not already been said, "our livestock also shall go with us" (Exodus 10:26)? From whom were they? From those who feared the word of the LORD. We therefore learn that from them came a stumbling block for Israel.

"And the LORD gave thunder" (Exodus 9:23), in the merit of the Torah, which was given amid thunder, as it is said, "all the people saw the thunderings" (Exodus 20:18). The LORD and all His council decreed that the hail should descend. "And the LORD rained": at first it was rain, and when it descended it became hail, because evil does not dwell beside the Holy One, blessed be He. The rain was descending, and the wind entered it and made it hail, as it is said, "stormy wind fulfilling His word" (Psalms 148:8). "And there was hail, and fire flaming within it" (Exodus 9:24). Rabbi Yose bar Hanina said: a flask full of fire with hail behind it. Rabbi Yehuda said: a flask of hail full of fire. Rabbi Nehemiah said: fire and hail were mixed into one another. Rabbi Hanan said: Rabbi Yehuda's reason is like a pomegranate split open, whose seeds are seen inside. Rabbi Nehemiah's reason is like a lamp whose water and oil are mixed together as one, and it burns among them.

"And there was hail, and fire flaming within it." Rabbi Yehuda son of Rabbi Simon said: it restrained itself to do its mission. Rav Acha said: this is like a king who had two harsh legions that fought each other. When the king's own war arrived, they made peace between themselves and went to fight the king's war. So fire and hail were hostile to one another, but when the war of the Holy One, blessed be He, came in Egypt, they made peace and went to do His war, a wonder within a wonder. This is what is written, "Dominion and fear are with Him; He makes peace in His high places" (Job 25:2). Rabbi Yaakov of Kefar Hanin said: "dominion" is Michael, and "fear" is Gabriel; neither harms the other. Rabbi Shimon ben Yochai taught: the firmament is of water and the stars are of fire, yet they dwell with one another and do not harm one another. Rav Avin said: not only between one angel and another, but even within one angel, half fire and half water, He makes peace within it, as it is written, "his face as the appearance of lightning, and his body like beryl" (Daniel 10:6). Rabbi Yochanan said: never has the sun seen the moon's defect, nor has one constellation seen what is before it. Rabbi Levi said: all of them ascend like those who ascend a ladder, in reverse order, to fulfill what is said, "He makes peace in His high places" (Job 25:2).

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Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 232:2Yalkut Shimoni on Torah

Translation of the source text.Torat Emet (Yalkut Shimoni) · CC-BY-NC

Another interpretation of "Stand still and see" (Exodus 14:13): they said to him, "When?" He said to them, "Tomorrow." They said to him, "Moses our teacher, we have no strength to endure." Moses prayed at that hour, and the Holy One showed them squadrons of ministering angels standing before them, in the manner of what is said, "And the servant of the man of God rose early... and he said, Fear not, for those who are with us are more... and Elisha prayed and said, O LORD, open his eyes..." (II Kings 6:15-17). So Moses prayed at that hour, and the Holy One showed them squadrons of ministering angels standing before them. And so it says, "From the brightness before Him, His clouds passed, hail and coals of fire" (Psalms 18:13). "His clouds," corresponding to their squadrons; "hail," corresponding to the stones of their catapults; "coals of fire," corresponding to their fire-engines; "fire," corresponding to their naphtha; "The LORD thundered from heaven" (Psalms 18:14), corresponding to the clashing of their shields and the tramp of their soldiers' boots; "and the Most High gave forth His voice," corresponding to the rattling of their weapons; "And He sent out His arrows and scattered them" (Psalms 18:15), corresponding to their arrows; "and lightnings in abundance, and routed them," corresponding to their war-cries.

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Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 235:1Yalkut Shimoni on Torah

Translation of the source text.Torat Emet (Yalkut Shimoni) · CC-BY-NC

"And it came to pass in the morning watch that the LORD looked down" (Exodus 14:24). In the night Gabriel wished to slay the Egyptians. The Holy One, blessed be He, said to him, "Wait for them until that hour at which their forefather acted on My behalf, as it is said, 'And Abraham rose early in the morning' (Genesis 22:3)." When Gabriel heard this, he did not touch them all that night, as it is said (Exodus 14:20), "and the one did not come near the other." The Egyptians were performing acts of sorcery and rising up out of the sea. The sea said, "This deposit that the Holy One, blessed be He, entrusted to me, how can I let it go?" Immediately the waters were running after each and every Egyptian and dragging them down into the sea, as it is said, "and the Egyptians were fleeing" etc. (Exodus 14:27) it does not say "toward them" but "toward it" [toward the encounter] of each and every Egyptian. There were two sorcerers in Egypt, Yochani and Mamre, and they made themselves wings by sorcery and flew up into the air and suspended themselves at the height of the world. Gabriel said, "In the greatness of Your majesty You overthrow those who rise against You" (Exodus 15:7). Immediately the Holy One, blessed be He, said to Michael, "Go and execute judgment upon them." Michael seized them by the locks of their heads and dashed them upon the surface of the waters, as it is written (Psalms 74:13), "You broke the sea apart by Your strength; You shattered the heads of the sea monsters upon the waters."

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Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 237:2Yalkut Shimoni on Torah

Translation of the source text.Torat Emet (Yalkut Shimoni) · CC-BY-NC

Another interpretation of "And He shook out [va-yena'er]": He handed these over into the hands of tender angels [mal'akhim ne'arim] and these over into the hands of cruel angels, as it is said, "And a cruel messenger shall be sent against him" (Proverbs 17:11); "Their soul dies in youth [ba-no'ar]" (Job 36:14), and so on.

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