Parshat Noach6 min read

Philo Found a Body in the Ark and a Drowning Mind in the Flood

In Alexandria, Philo takes the ark's measurements and finds a human body, then watches the same water rise inside a mind that stopped ruling.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Cubits That Would Not Stay Wood
  2. The Door Cut Into the Side
  3. The Eight Rooms of the House He Carried
  4. The Timber That Had Gone Dry
  5. The Water Closed Over the Mind
  6. The Oath That Was Not Sworn as a Man
Philo Found a Body in the Ark and a Drowning Mind in the Flood Click for full size

The Cubits That Would Not Stay Wood

The lamp guttered twice before Philo stopped copying numbers and started counting rooms.

Three hundred cubits long, fifty across, thirty from keel to roof. Three decks stacked one above the other, pitch smeared inside and out, a window near the top, one door cut low into the flank. That was the vessel Noah had been told to build. Outside, Alexandria kept up its night noise and the sea shoved at the mole.

The measurements would not lie flat on the page.

Moses wasted nothing, he had been taught since boyhood, and a number in the Torah is never decoration. So he took the cubits at their word, and in them he found a body. A skull for a roof. Ribs curving into a hull. The window where a man's eyes sit. Chambers below for the appetites, penned so they would not eat one another before morning. And riding the contraption, the one passenger it existed to keep alive.

The Door Cut Into the Side

"Thou shalt make a door in the side" (Genesis 6:16). He read it again and stopped.

A window he understood. Light comes down from above and nobody argues with it. A door in the flank is not for light. A door is for traffic, and whatever a man lets in through the wall of his own side does not knock first.

Philo wrote the question down and left it unanswered, the way a builder leaves an opening he has not decided how to hang.

The Eight Rooms of the House He Carried

He turned to the passenger, and the passenger came apart into eight.

One ruled. Mind, reason, the faculty that weighs a thing before reaching for it, seated in the highest chamber like a master over his household. The other seven served, and served badly. Sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch. Then the instrument through which vice gets its voice into the world. Then the power that makes more bodies.

Seven doors, every one of them opening outward, every one liable to swing on its own. Each of the seven kept dragging the master toward whatever stood nearest and loudest, and each of them, Philo wrote, sits close beside the causes of wickedness. Close beside, not made of. He would not give that up. Servants take the shape of whoever commands them.

The Timber That Had Gone Dry

West of the city, dockworkers burned planking off a wreck. Wood left in the Egyptian sun goes up in one sheet of flame.

A soul does that too, Philo decided, once nothing wet is left in it. Mingle wisdom into a man, and justice, and piety, and the virtues that hold their shape under load, and he stays green. Leave them out and he seasons. He dries. He stands there shaped like a tree with no sap moving anywhere inside him.

What came for the dry soul was not fire. It was the overflow of the body, want stacked on want, climbing the way the Nile climbs, slow for weeks and then over the doorsills in a night.

The Water Closed Over the Mind

Philo turned back to the flood, and the flood turned inward.

Rain forty days on the roof of the world, springs of the deep breaking open underneath, water walking up the mountains until nothing on earth had a face. The plain sense was true and he never denied it. Under it lay the sod (סוד), the hidden reading, and in the sod the deluge was not weather at all.

It was a man drowning.

The master, dried out and no longer able to hold a decision, stops giving orders. Foolishness comes up through the floorboards, insensitivity climbs the walls of the high chamber, and the mind drowns inside its own house. That death, Philo wrote, is the only one worth the name. A mind that has quit ruling has died with the ribs still moving. And the seven do not outlive the one. Kill the master and the servants dissolve behind him, the way an army comes apart the instant its standard goes down.

Out in all that water, pitched inside and out and sealed at the seams, one vessel kept floating with a passenger still awake in it.

The Oath That Was Not Sworn as a Man

The rain stopped. Noah came down onto ground that stank of everything that had not made it, stacked stones, and burned an offering. The smoke went up, and God swore, "I will not proceed any more to curse the earth," and, "I will not any more smite all flesh" (Genesis 8:21).

Philo held the reed above the page without writing. God had known before the first cloud what humanity was made of, and the wickedness did not drain away with the water. Nothing in the creature had changed. Something in the oath had.

So he set the two grammars of Torah side by side. Not as a man. As a man. The first is the truth of it, that God resembles nobody, not the sun, not the spread of heaven, not blessedness itself. The second is for teaching, because earth-born creatures cannot take a voice without a face on it.

A judge who punishes the same offense twice, Philo wrote, has the disposition of a savage. God had exacted what was owed once and would not reopen the account. Nobody was scouring wickedness out of the race, because that labor is washing a brick: scrub all day and the brick is still a brick, the dirt worked into it from youth. God remembered the design He had drawn in the beginning, and His mind does not drift off it the way a human will.

Philo trimmed the wick. Below in the dark the harbor water rose and fell against the stones, and above the street a man bent over a scroll with the door in his side still open and the roof still on.


← All myths

From the tradition

Sources

4 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

The Midrash of Philo 16:1The Midrash of Philo

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Works of Philo Judaeus, trans. C. D. Yonge, London, H. G. Bohn, 1854-1890 · Public Domain

Philo, a Jewish philosopher living in Alexandria in the first century CE, wasn't afraid to think outside the box. He saw layers of meaning in the Torah, and one of his most intriguing ideas is that Noah’s Ark can be understood as a metaphor for… the human body.

Mind. Blown.

Philo suggests that the Ark, in all its detail, is actually a blueprint for understanding ourselves. It's a radical idea, and one that invites us to look at the familiar story with completely fresh eyes. the Ark was a vessel designed for survival, a container for precious life. And what is our body, if not a vessel that carries our very essence, our soul, through the journey of life?

So, how does this work? Let's consider one specific detail: the door in the side of the Ark. As (Genesis 6:16) states, "Thou shalt make a door in the side." What does that even mean on a symbolic level, according to Philo?

Well, Philo doesn't tell us in this fragment! He poses the question, setting us up for further exploration. The implication, though, is that everything, even the seemingly minor details, holds significance. What does the door signify? Is it the mouth, the means of communication and nourishment? Or perhaps it represents something more subtle, like our capacity for change and growth – the ability to "enter" into new phases of life.

This is the beauty of midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary), of interpreting sacred texts. It’s not just about taking things literally. It’s about asking questions, exploring possibilities, and finding personal meaning in ancient stories. Maybe the door in the side is different for each of us.

Consider that the Ark might not just be a boat, but a mirror, reflecting the incredible complexity and potential within each of us. What doors are you opening? What are you keeping safe inside your own "ark"?

Full source
The Midrash of Philo 22:2The Midrash of Philo

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Works of Philo Judaeus, trans. C. D. Yonge, London, H. G. Bohn, 1854-1890 · Public Domain

The ancient stories of the flood, like the one starring Noah, resonate so deeply because they speak to that very human experience.

The familiar story is this: God saw wickedness and sent the rains. But what if there's more to it than just a divine reset button? What if the flood is also a metaphor for something happening inside us?

Philo of Alexandria, a Jewish philosopher who lived in Egypt in the first century CE, certainly thought so. He dove deep into the allegorical meanings of the Torah. And in a text known as The Midrash of Philo, he gives us a fascinating perspective on the flood. It's not just about water and animals, he suggests. It's about the soul.

Philo points out that the literal interpretation is pretty clear: the flood wiped everything off the face of the earth. End of story. But he urges us to look deeper, to uncover the sod – the secret, the hidden meaning.

He uses a powerful image: dry timber. Wood, when it’s parched and brittle, goes up in flames so easily. It's vulnerable. Philo argues that the soul is similar. When it’s not "mingled with wisdom, and justice, and piety, and the other enduring virtues," it becomes equally vulnerable.

What are these "enduring virtues" exactly? Well, Philo is talking about the things that give our lives meaning and purpose: a commitment to doing what’s right, a sense of connection to something larger than ourselves, and a dedication to living a life of integrity. These are what give our thoughts "real joy." Without them, our souls become like that dry timber: susceptible to being consumed.

And what consumes it? According to Philo, it's the "overwhelming overflow of the body." In other words, our physical desires, our fleeting impulses, our ego-driven needs. When we prioritize these things over the deeper values, our souls become parched, unable to blossom, like a withered tree trunk.

A reminder that we need to nurture our inner selves, to cultivate those virtues that will protect us from being swept away by the flood of everyday life. It's a reminder to ask ourselves: are we building an ark of wisdom and virtue, or are we letting our souls become dry timber, just waiting to be consumed?

Full source
The Midrash of Philo 15:2The Midrash of Philo

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Works of Philo Judaeus, trans. C. D. Yonge, London, H. G. Bohn, 1854-1890 · Public Domain

Ancient Jewish wisdom grapples with this very struggle, this internal conflict that defines the human experience. And sometimes, it gets Philo of Alexandria, a Jewish philosopher who lived in the first century CE, had some fascinating ideas about the soul. And one particular fragment attributed to him, which scholars sometimes call "Midrash of Philo 15," dives deep into the complex makeup of the human soul and its susceptibility to both good and evil.

Philo suggests that our soul is divided into eight parts. Think of it like a pie, but instead of delicious fillings, we have different aspects of our being. The main part? That’s our mind, our intellect, our capacity for reason. But it’s surrounded by seven "subordinate parts", five senses, the "instrument of vice," and the faculty of generation. Whoa, that's a lot to unpack.

In Philo, these seven parts are often the source of our troubles. They’re connected to the "causes of wickedness and evil." That's because they're constantly vying for our attention, pulling us towards temptation, instant gratification, and things that ultimately don't serve us. They're the parts of us that are most easily swayed by the world around us.

Here’s where it gets really interesting. Philo argues that the real death, the ultimate tragedy, is the death of the mind itself. What does that even mean?

It means when we allow foolishness and insensitivity to take over our reason, when we prioritize fleeting pleasures over wisdom, we’re essentially killing the best part of ourselves. We're letting our minds become clouded and corrupted. We're handing over the reins to those unruly seven parts.

And the consequences? They ripple outwards. Philo says that when the mind dies, the seven irrational parts also face dissolution. It’s like a domino effect. If the leader falls, the rest of the army crumbles.

But there's also a hopeful message embedded in this seemingly bleak outlook. Philo points out that just as the mind has a connection to virtue, those seven subordinate parts are also influenced by it. They are not inherently evil. They can be guided and shaped by the wisdom and goodness of the mind.

Think of it like this: Our senses can be used to appreciate beauty, to connect with others, to experience the wonder of the world. Our "instrument of vice" can be channeled into creativity and passion. Our faculty of generation can be used to build families and create a legacy of love and kindness.

So, what do we take away from this? It’s a reminder that we have a responsibility to cultivate our minds, to nourish our intellect, and to strive for wisdom. It's about recognizing the internal battle and choosing to strengthen the part of us that can lead us towards virtue and fulfillment. Because when we do, we not only save ourselves, but we also have the power to transform the very nature of our desires and impulses. Now that's something worth striving for.

Full source
The Midrash of Philo 21:2The Midrash of Philo

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Works of Philo Judaeus, trans. C. D. Yonge, London, H. G. Bohn, 1854-1890 · Public Domain

God, knowing humanity’s propensity for wickedness from the start, initially intended to destroy the world with a flood. Yet, afterward, God promises not to destroy all flesh again, despite the continued presence of evil. Doesn't that sound like a change of heart? A change of mind? Isn't that..human?

The Midrash of Philo offers a compelling answer, suggesting that such expressions are connected more "with learning and the utility of instruction rather than with the nature of truth." In other words, these apparent shifts aren't about God changing, but about how God communicates with us, using language we can understand.

The text distinguishes between two ways the Torah speaks of God: "Not as a man" and "As a man." The first, "Not as a man," points to the actual truth of God's being – utterly beyond human comprehension. God isn't like us, or like anything we can perceive – not the sun, not the heavens, not even blessedness itself. God transcends all comparison.

Then there’s the second expression: "As a man." This is where instruction comes in. God speaks "As a man" so that we, "beings born of the earth," can grasp the divine message. It's a divine act of translation, if you will. It's God meeting us where we are.

Why? To prevent us from endlessly incurring God’s wrath. The text argues that repeated punishment for the same offense is "the conduct of a savage and ferocious disposition." Instead, God inflicts deserved retribution, but tempers justice with mercy, remembering the original design for humanity.

The text beautifully explains that God "observed in his mind," highlighting the constancy of the divine disposition. Our wills are inconsistent, but God’s mind rejoices in steadfastness. We think with "thoughts" that are like the "passage of the mind," but God’s intellect penetrates all things perfectly.

So, when God says, "I will not proceed any more to curse the earth," it's not about a change of heart, but about a commitment to not adding to the already complete evils. It's not about eradicating wickedness entirely – which would be like "washing a brick" – but about alleviating misery. Wickedness, deeply ingrained from youth, can't be simply washed away.

God's promise, "I will not any more smite all flesh," doesn't mean wickedness goes unpunished. Instead, it signifies a commitment to not destroying all of humanity, while still holding individuals accountable for their actions. God balances justice with a care for the human race, rooted in the original divine plan.

This idea of God communicating in ways we can understand is powerful. It invites us to look beyond the surface and consider the deeper truths about God's relationship with humanity. What does it mean to you that God would speak to us in our own language? How does that impact your understanding of the divine?

Full source