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Phinehas Drove the Spear and Elijah Poured the Cup

Phinehas drove the spear at Peor, earned eternal priesthood, reappeared as Elijah, tested brothers in a garden, and still guards the seder cup.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Priest Who Outlived the Wilderness
  2. Three Sons in a Spice Garden
  3. The Table That Ended the Visit
  4. The Cup Set at the Door

The spear entered both of them at once.

Phinehas drove it through the Israelite man and the Midianite woman while the people stood weeping at the entrance of the Tent of Meeting, paralyzed by grief and the noise of dying (Numbers 25:7-8). The plague had already killed twenty-four thousand. Moses had not moved. Phinehas, grandson of Aaron, young priest, walked into the tent and ended it himself.

God rewarded him with a brit shalom, a covenant of peace, the most paradoxical gift for the most violent act. Not peace as rest. Peace as permanence. The covenant was eternal priesthood, and if the tradition is to be believed, something more: Phinehas did not die. He became the thread running through every generation where Israel faces judgment and no one else moves.

The Priest Who Outlived the Wilderness

The wilderness generation died in the desert. Joshua led the next generation into Canaan. The Judges rose and fell. Through all of it, Phinehas served as high priest, decades beyond any natural lifespan, still the same man who had acted when Moses stood frozen.

Then that name disappeared. The monarchy arrived, rose, split, and began to rot. And in the reign of Ahab, a man called Elijah walked out of Gilead and announced a drought to the king of Israel (I Kings 17:1). No genealogy. No origin. The text introduces him as if he has always existed, which, in the deepest sense of the tradition, he had.

The absolutism is the same. The refusal to tolerate compromise is the same. The willingness to stand alone against a king, or a plague, or a mob of Baal's priests, is the same. Phinehas became Elijah the way iron stays iron across the forge.

Three Sons in a Spice Garden

A pious man died and left his three sons a spice garden. Each son took a watch through the night. On the first night, the eldest stood at the gate in the dark when a figure appeared. The question it asked was simple: knowledge of Torah, great wealth, or a beautiful wife?

The eldest chose wealth. He received a coin. By morning he was rich. The second chose knowledge of Torah. He received a book. By morning he knew it whole.

The youngest stood his watch on the third night. The same figure appeared, the same question. He did not ask for wealth, did not ask for scholarship. He asked for a wise and beautiful wife. And instead of a coin or a book, Elijah took him on a journey.

Three nights they traveled. The first two households they visited housed men of bad character, and each night the chickens and geese in the yard murmured in the dark: what sin must this young man carry, to end up here? The third household was different. The daughter there was lovely and good, and the birds said: what virtue must this young man have, to deserve such a match? Elijah arranged the marriage in the morning.

The eldest and second brothers received what they named. The youngest received a guide, a road, three nights in strange houses, and a verdict rendered by geese. He had asked for the one thing that cannot be accumulated, that requires you to remain present and human. Elijah, who had been watching since Egypt, knew what that choice meant.

The Table That Ended the Visit

Two brothers lived in the same town. Both were pious by every visible measure: prayers said, commandments kept. Elijah visited one and refused to visit the other.

The reason was the table.

The visited brother ate with his servants. He set a place for them at his own meal and sat among them. His brother let the servants eat their fill of the first course, then gave them the remainder after his own family finished. From the outside, both households looked the same. Elijah knew the difference without asking.

A second pair of brothers. Again, both pious. One made certain his servants had what they needed before his own supper. The other waited until his own needs were met. Elijah went to the first and did not go to the second.

The man who called down fire on the priests of Baal at the Kishon River (I Kings 18:40), who ran faster than Ahab's chariot in the rain, who argued with God on the mountain until God asked him directly what he was doing there: this same man stood in ordinary kitchens and made his judgment on where servants ate. The zeal did not soften. What counted as faithfulness grew larger.

The Cup Set at the Door

Elijah has been present at every circumcision since Sinai. He complained to God that Israel had abandoned the covenant (I Kings 19:14), and God answered by requiring him to attend every renewal of it in the flesh, generation after generation. Three thousand years of witnessing the covenant confirmed, in house after house, in every generation that survived to carry it forward.

He will announce the end of the present age, the last chapter before the Messianic era begins (Malachi 3:23-24). He has been accumulating the account in the interval: what the sons chose in the dark of the garden, which brothers set a place for their servants, which households treated the people who worked for them as people.

At the Passover seder, a cup of wine is poured and a door is opened. The tradition is entirely serious about this. Elijah was present at the first Passover, or near it, and has attended every one since. The cup is set for a guest who is already in the room, who has been in the room since Egypt, and who is keeping the account open until the age when accounts are settled.


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Legends of the Jews 7:4Legends of the Jews

The biblical account in the Books of Kings gives us glimpses of his fiery personality, his confrontations with kings, and his miraculous deeds. But those are just snapshots. They barely hint at the epic scope of his story.

Because according to Jewish tradition, Elijah’s story didn't begin with Ahab and Joram. It began way back in Egypt, during the Israelite's enslavement. And, get this, it won't end until the Messianic Age! Elijah is not just a prophet from a specific era. He’s a timeless figure, intimately connected with the entire history of the Jewish people.

The Bible tells us he was from Tishbe, but it leaves out a crucial detail: He was a priest. In fact, tradition identifies him with Phinehas – remember him? Pinhas was the priest who showed extraordinary zeal for God way back in the desert, when the Israelites were wandering after the Exodus. He stepped up to stop a plague, remember? And he reappears later, during the time of the Judges, continuing to play a significant role. (Ginzberg, Legends of the Jews)

So, is Elijah just a prophet from the Northern Kingdom? Or is he something...more? Someone who transcends time, connecting our past, present, and future? The tradition suggests the latter. And as we delve deeper into the legends surrounding him, we'll see just how powerful and enduring his presence truly is.

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Legends of the Jews 7:36Legends of the Jews

It's about Elijah the Prophet, or Eliyahu HaNavi, a figure who pops up throughout Jewish tradition, often in unexpected places, always as a messenger of God. In this story, we see him in a particularly…matchmaking mood.

A pious man leaves a spice garden to his three sons. To protect it from thieves, each son takes a turn guarding it at night. On the first night, the eldest son is on watch when Elijah appears! Elijah, ever the tester, asks him a question: "My son, what do you desire? Knowledge of the Torah, great wealth, or a beautiful wife?"

The son, without hesitation, chooses wealth. And Elijah, true to his word, hands him a coin, and just like that, the son becomes rich. No long apprenticeships or business plans needed!

The second night rolls around, and it's the second son's turn. Elijah appears again, posing the very same question. This time, the son chooses knowledge of the Torah. Elijah gives him a book, and the story tells us that "he knew the whole Torah." Instantaneously!

Now, the third night. The youngest son is guarding the garden. Elijah appears and asks the same question for the third time. This son, however, desires a beautiful wife. Elijah, rather than handing him a bridal magazine or setting up a dating profile, invites him on a journey.

Their first night is spent at the house of a truly notorious villain. This guy is bad news, and he has a daughter. During the night, Elijah overhears the chickens and the geese in the yard clucking and honking amongst themselves. They're saying, "What a terrible sin this young man must have committed to be destined to marry the daughter of such a villain!" Ouch.

They move on. The second night, the same thing happens. They stay with another villain, and the animals murmur about the awful fate awaiting the young man if he marries that villain’s daughter.

Finally, on the third night, they lodge with a man who has a very pretty daughter. And wouldn't you know it, during the night, Elijah overhears the chickens and geese saying, "How great must be the virtues of this young man if he is privileged to marry so beautiful and pious a wife!"

In the morning, Elijah wastes no time. He becomes a matchmaker right then and there! The young man marries the pretty maiden, and husband and wife journey homeward, full of joy.

What's the takeaway here? Well, the story, found in Legends of the Jews by Louis Ginzberg, drawing from various sources, shows Elijah as this versatile figure who is able to grant wishes, but it also hints at something deeper. Perhaps it’s not just about the choice itself, but the journey that follows. The first two brothers got their wishes instantly, but the third had to learn something along the way. He had to be guided.

The story echoes themes we see elsewhere in Jewish tradition. The Talmud often speaks of middot (character traits) and how important it is to develop them. Did the third son's journey test and refine his character, making him worthy of the beautiful, pious wife?

And what about those gossiping chickens and geese? They're a quirky reminder that sometimes, the universe has a way of letting you know if you're on the right path. Or maybe, it's just a funny way of saying that appearances can be deceiving!

This little tale reminds us that sometimes, the greatest blessings come not from instant gratification, but from the journey, the lessons learned, and perhaps, a little help from a well-placed prophet and some chatty poultry.

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Legends of the Jews 7:44Legends of the Jews

It turns out, according to Jewish legend, it's all about how you treat your workers.

We know Elijah as a zealous figure, a defender of God's honor. But the Legends of the Jews, as retold by Ginzberg, gives us a glimpse into his more…particular standards. It seems Elijah wasn't just concerned with grand acts of faith. He was paying close attention to the little things, the everyday kindnesses (or lack thereof) that people showed each other.

Take the story of the two pious brothers. Both were, ostensibly, good, observant Jews. But Elijah only deigned to visit one of them. Why? Because this brother treated his servants as equals, sharing his own table with them. The other brother? Well, he let his servants eat their fill of the first course, but after that, they were stuck with the leftovers. Ouch. Elijah wanted nothing to do with him. That’s a pretty clear message, isn't it?

Then there's the second pair of brothers. Again, both pious. But one always made sure his servants were taken care of after he'd seen to his own needs. The other, though? He put his servants first. He made sure they had what they needed before thinking about himself. And guess which brother got the Elijah seal of approval?

It's a powerful reminder that piety isn't just about prayers and rituals. It's about how we treat the people around us, especially those who are in our service. It seems Elijah valued radical empathy, the kind that puts others' needs before your own.

What do these stories tell us? Perhaps that true devotion isn't just about what you do in the synagogue, but how you live your life every single day. It's a challenge, isn’t it? To live up to Elijah's standards, to be the kind of person he'd want to visit. But maybe, just maybe, that's the whole point. To strive for a level of kindness and compassion that truly reflects the divine image within us all.

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