Parshat Shemot5 min read

The Girl Who Out-Decreed Pharaoh and Waited for the Prophet

Amram sent Jochebed away so no more sons would drown. His daughter stood up and prosecuted him in front of the house.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Amram Sent His Wife Away
  2. Miriam Prosecuted Her Father
  3. They Married Again Under a Palanquin
  4. She Stood at the Nile to Know
  5. A Serpent Swallowed Moses to the Hips

Amram did the math and sent his wife away. Pharaoh had ordered every Hebrew boy into the Nile, and the river was doing what rivers do with the things thrown into them. Why bring sons into the world to watch them drown?

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Amram Sent His Wife Away

He was the leading man of his generation. When he made a decision, the community made it with him. He looked at the decree and reached the obvious conclusion. He divorced Jochebed.

Every Hebrew husband in Egypt sent his wife away the same afternoon. No soldier had raised a sword. The slaves had simply agreed, quietly and rationally, to stop having children. The line of Abraham would end in one generation by consent.

Houses went still. Cradles stayed empty on purpose. Grief wore the face of good sense.

Miriam Prosecuted Her Father

Then Amram's daughter stood up and prosecuted him. She was not pleading. She was not weeping. She was a girl with a legal argument, and she delivered it without softening a word.

"Father, your decree is worse than Pharaoh's. He condemned only the boys. You have condemned the boys and the girls together, because children unborn have no share in this world or the next, and Pharaoh has not gone that far. He attacks this world alone. You attack both worlds at once."

Then the hardest line. "Pharaoh is wicked. Heaven may yet nullify what a wicked man decrees. You are righteous. What you decree will stand. So whose decree is actually more dangerous to Israel?"

Amram heard it and could not answer. He took his wife back. Every husband in Egypt took his wife back that same day. The girl who had spoken carried no office and no standing in the assembly of men who had made the decision. She had only the argument, and the argument was enough.

They Married Again Under a Palanquin

He did not slip Jochebed in through a side door. He took her with the trappings of a wedding. He placed her in a palanquin. Aaron and Miriam danced in front of it, and the ministering angels said, "A happy mother of children."

The verse that should have said he took her back says he took her, as if the first marriage had been erased and this one were new. Miriam had already prophesied in the household. Her mother would bear a son who would save Israel. The remarriage was not only a correction of a decree. It was the door that prophecy had demanded stay open.

When the boy came, Jochebed put him in a basket and set the basket on the river. Miriam stood at a distance to watch, because she had spoken a future out loud and now the future was tarred reeds in current.

She Stood at the Nile to Know

The Torah says she stood to know what would be done to him (Exodus 2:4). She was not standing to help. She was not standing to snatch the lid. She was standing to know, because a prophet's credit was floating with the child.

The Shechinah (שכינה), God's presence, came and stood beside her on the bank. Not to comfort her. To watch with her. Two figures at the edge of the Nile, one of them having made a claim about what was coming, one of them having been the source of what was coming, waiting to see what the basket would do.

For the hour she waited, she later received a payment in kind. Six hundred thousand would wait for her when she was shut outside the camp. Heaven does not cheat a creature of its wage. The girl who stood still on the mud would one day stop a nation with a pause of her own.

A Serpent Swallowed Moses to the Hips

Years later that same boy, grown and sent, paced a lodging house on the road to Egypt. Moses went from the bed to the path and back to the bed, turning the years in his mouth. Four hundred years of slavery had been promised. The count was not full. Joseph had said God would surely remember, pakod yifkod, and the missing years were already being cut, but Moses could not make the numbers sit still. If he arrived too early, Israel would not believe him. If he delayed, the bush would have burned for nothing.

God sent the angel Uriel in the form of a serpent. It swallowed Moses from the head down to the mark of circumcision and stopped. His son Gershom was still uncircumcised. Travel had been the excuse. The serpent was not killing him. It was marking the boundary of the delay. This far and no further.

Zipporah saw it and understood at once. She took a flint, cut the boy's foreskin, and touched Moses with it. The serpent opened its mouth and released him. The deliverer of Israel arrived in Egypt already twice carried by women who were not surprised. A girl had talked a nation back into having children, then stood on a bank to see if she had told the truth. A woman with a flint finished what a hesitant prophet would not. The basket had been right. The lodging house almost ended it.


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The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Midrash Aggadah, Exodus 2:1Midrash Aggadah

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sefaria Community Translation · CC0

Pharaoh decreed that every Hebrew boy be drowned, and Amram, the greatest man of his generation, drew the obvious conclusion. "We labor for nothing." Why bring children into the world only to watch them die? He divorced his wife. And because the whole nation followed his lead, every Hebrew husband divorced his wife too. In one stroke, the people of Israel chose to vanish.

Then his daughter spoke. "Father, your decree is harsher than Pharaoh's. He condemned only the boys. You have condemned the boys and the girls. He strikes at this world. You strike at this world and the next. And Pharaoh is wicked, so heaven may yet undo his decree. But you are righteous, and a righteous man's word is never undone." She quoted it back to him: "You will decree, and it will be fulfilled" (Job 22:28).

Amram rose at once and remarried his wife, and every husband in Israel rose with him. He did not slink her back quietly. He brought her home like a bride, set her in a wedding palanquin, and Aaron and Miriam danced before her while the ministering angels sang of a happy mother of children (Psalms 113:9). From that wedding, the Midrash Aggadah says, Moses would be born.

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Midrash Aggadah, Exodus 2:4Midrash Aggadah

Translation of the source text.Midrash Aggadah (Buber), Public Domain, on Sefaria · CC-BY-SA

"And his sister stood at a distance" (Exodus 2:4). We hold that this entire verse is said with respect to prophecy. "And she stood (va-tittatzav)", as it is said, "And the LORD came and stood" (Exodus 3:10). "His sister (achoto)", as it is said, "Say to wisdom, you are my sister" (Proverbs 7:4). "At a distance (me-rachok)", as it is said, "From afar the LORD appeared to me" (Jeremiah 31:2). "To know (le-de'ah)", as it is said, "For a God of knowledge (de'ot) is the LORD" (1 Samuel 2:3). "What (mah)", as it is said, "What does the LORD your God ask of you" (Deuteronomy 10:12). "Will be done (ye'aseh)", as it is said, "The LORD will make (ya'aseh) for my lord a sure house" (1 Samuel 25:28). "To him (lo)", as it is said, "And he called it (lo) 'The LORD is peace'" (Judges 6:24).

Another interpretation: "And she stood", according to its plain sense, for the verse does not depart from its plain meaning. And in the merit that she waited one hour for Moses, to know what would be the end of the offspring, she merited that six hundred thousand foot soldiers waited for her, as it is written, "And the people did not journey on until Miriam was gathered in" (Numbers 12:15), to teach you that the Holy One, blessed be He, does not withhold the reward of any creature.

"What would be done to him", what would be the end of her prophecy, for she was prophesying and saying: my mother is destined to bear a son who will save Israel.

We learn in Sotah: Rabbi Chanina bar Pappa said: that day on which they cast him into the Nile was the twenty-first of Nisan. The angels said before the Holy One, blessed be He: Master of the universe, shall the one who is destined to recite a song on this day be cast into the sea? Rabbi Acha bar Chanina said: that day was the sixth of Sivan. The angels said: Master of the universe, shall the one who is destined to receive the Torah on this day, and to make the upper and lower worlds tremble, be stricken on this day? It is well according to the one who says it was the sixth of Sivan, thus you find three months, for on the seventh of Adar Moses was born, and you find that the sixth of Sivan was that day. But according to the one who says it was the twenty-first of Nisan, how do you find it? It was taught: that year was a leap year, the greater part of the first and the greater part of the last, and the middle one complete. And once they cast him into the Nile, they arose and annulled their decrees. And this is what Moses said to Israel, "six hundred thousand foot soldiers" (Numbers 11:21), for on my account you were saved.

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Midrash Aggadah, Exodus 4:24Midrash Aggadah

Translation of the source text.Midrash Aggadah (Buber), Public Domain, on Sefaria · CC-BY-SA

"And it came to pass on the way, at the lodging-place" (Exodus 4:24). If on the way, why a lodging-place? Rather, this teaches that Moses kept going in and out, from the lodging-place to the way, and from the way to the lodging-place, and he was pondering in his mind and saying whether he should go to Egypt to redeem Israel or not. For he was pondering in his mind: if I say the time of the redemption has arrived, they will say, "Surely we know that the Holy One, blessed be He, said that the servitude would be four hundred years, and the time of redemption has not yet come." And if I say to the Holy One, blessed be He, "Where am I going, for the four hundred years have not yet arrived?", the Holy One, blessed be He, grew angry with him.

The Holy One, blessed be He, said to him: Joseph already prophesied to them "pakod" (Genesis 50:24), that is to say, by the numerical value of "pakod" the Holy One, blessed be He, will reduce for them from the servitude. And therefore one hundred and ninety years were reduced, like "pakod," and they are ninety, corresponding to the ninety of Sarah our matriarch, who was of that age when she bore Isaac, and one hundred years corresponding to Abraham at the time he begot Isaac.

Another interpretation: "And it came to pass on the way, at the lodging-place." The Holy One, blessed be He, sent Uriel, and he appeared to him in the likeness of a serpent, and he was swallowing Moses from his head down to his circumcision-place. And all this, why? Because his son was uncircumcised. And when Zipporah saw this, she was afraid; she said, perhaps this one is swallowing him because he is uncircumcised. Immediately, "Zipporah took a flint" etc. (Exodus 4:25).

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