Parshat Reeh6 min read

The Valley at Shechem Where Israel Answered Amen Twelve Times

Six tribes climbed Gerizim, six climbed Ebal, the Ark stood in the valley, and Israel had to shout Amen twelve times across the gap.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Six Tribes Climb the Mountain of Blessing
  2. The Ark Waits in the Valley
  3. The Levites Turn Toward Gerizim
  4. Israel Shouts the First Amen
  5. The Old Promise at the Terebinths of Moreh

The climb left their legs shaking before a single word was spoken. Half the nation went up the southern slope, half went up the northern one, and the dust they kicked loose drifted down into the gap between the two peaks and hung there in the morning light. They were weary. They had walked a long way to reach this place, and now they stood on rock instead of resting on it, looking across a valley at the backs and faces of their own brothers on the far mountain.

Six Tribes Climb the Mountain of Blessing

Six tribes took Mount Gerizim, the mountain set aside for blessing. Six tribes took Mount Ebal, the mountain set aside for the curse. No one chose his own slope. The arrangement had been handed down already, every tribe assigned its standing place, and so each man climbed where his fathers belonged and not where he wished he belonged.

From either height the valley looked small, a thin green seam of ground far below. A man on Gerizim could see figures moving on Ebal, but he could not read their faces. He could only watch the small bright shapes of them and know that those were Reuben, those were Gad, those Zebulun, men he had eaten beside in the wilderness, now made strangers by the width of a valley.

The Ark Waits in the Valley

Down in the seam between the mountains the priests and the Levites gathered, and with them came the Ark. They set it in the lowest place, the carried thing at the bottom of the world that morning, with mountains rising on both sides of it. Everything that was about to be said would rise out of that hollow and climb the slopes to reach the people.

So the ground itself took the shape of the moment. The presence of God rested at the bottom, in the valley, and the whole assembly stood above it on either side, looking down toward the Ark and across toward each other. No man stood higher than the others by accident. The high ground was given. The low ground held the holy thing.

The Levites Turn Toward Gerizim

The Levites turned first toward the mountain of blessing. They faced Gerizim, and they lifted their voices, and the words went up: Happy is the man that maketh no idol, an abomination unto the Lord. The blessing came before the curse, because the blessing was always meant to come first, the good word spoken before the hard one.

The voices struck the slope and the slope threw them back. A blessing called into a valley does not stay in the valley. It climbs. The men on Gerizim felt the words arrive at their feet and rise past them, and for a breath the air was full of nothing but the single sentence about the man who builds no idol, hanging over the dust that still had not settled.

Israel Shouts the First Amen

Then the valley waited for an answer, and the answer came. Amen. Not a few voices but thousands, the whole nation on both mountains opening their mouths at once, and the word broke against Gerizim and against Ebal and rolled back and forth between them until the two slopes seemed to be speaking to each other through the people standing on them.

That word was not applause. It was a binding. Amen, meaning so be it, meaning I take this on myself, meaning the spoken thing is now mine to keep. A man who shouts Amen into a valley cannot later say he was only a spectator on a mountain. He has lent his own voice to the thing. He has signed it with breath.

The Levites turned again. They spoke again. The people answered again. Twelve times the words rose out of the hollow, twelve times the slopes flung them back, twelve times the nation shouted itself into agreement until no tribe on either mountain could claim it had stood silent. Each Amen folded another tribe into the covenant and made each man answerable for what had been said over the Ark below him.

The Old Promise at the Terebinths of Moreh

The place was not chosen for its echo alone. This was Shechem, near the terebinths of Moreh, and these were old trees with an older memory. Long before there were twelve tribes, before there was a nation to stand on a mountain, one man had walked through this very ground and heard a promise about it (Genesis 12:6). The land would belong to his children.

Now the children stood on the hills above the spot, shouting their consent back to heaven where their father had once only listened. The promise had not arrived on its own. The word at the start was that they would inherit the land, but the inheriting was tied to the doing. Take the commandment on yourself, act, engage, and then you come and possess. So they did not stand on Gerizim and Ebal to receive a gift. They stood there to take a weight, twelve times over, in their own voices, in the valley where it had all been promised before any of them were born.


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The texts this telling draws on, in full. Open a card to read inline, or expand it for a wider, quieter read.

Legends of the Jews 1:8Legends of the Jews

Can you feel their anticipation, their weariness, their unwavering faith? They arrive at Mount Gerizim and Mount Ebal, twin peaks that would become the stage for a powerful ritual. This wasn't just any gathering; it was a reenactment of the instructions given by Moses himself, laid out in Deuteronomy.

Six tribes ascended Mount Gerizim, the mountain of blessing, and six climbed Mount Ebal, the mountain of cursing. The priests and Levites, guardians of the sacred, gathered around the Ark of the Covenant in the valley nestled between the two mountains. This holy Ark, the physical embodiment of God's presence, was the focal point.

Picture the scene: the Levites, facing Mount Gerizim, intone, "Happy is the man that maketh no idol, an abomination unto the Lord." And the response? A resounding "Amen!" echoing from the mountainsides, a unified affirmation from thousands of voices. This wasn't just a verbal agreement; it was a soul-deep commitment. They repeated this twelve times, each blessing a step further into the covenant.

Then, a shift. The Levites turned towards Mount Ebal, and the blessings transformed into their counterparts: curses. For every blessing, a corresponding curse, each met with the same resolute "Amen." It’s a stark reminder that covenant comes with responsibility, that choices have consequences.

What followed was even more extraordinary. An altar was built on Mount Ebal, constructed from stones taken from the riverbed of the Jordan. Each stone weighed forty seim, a significant weight symbolizing the gravity of the moment. These stones were then plastered with lime, and upon this surface, the entire Torah, the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, was inscribed.

But here’s the truly part: it was written in seventy languages. Why? So that all the nations, all the peoples of the world, would have the chance to understand God's law. Ginzberg, in his monumental work, Legends of the Jews, highlights this detail, emphasizing the universal scope of the message. This wasn't just for the Israelites; it was an invitation to all humanity.

And the story doesn’t end there. It’s explicitly stated that even those outside of Palestine, those considered "heathen," would be welcomed if they abandoned idol worship. What a radical concept! A welcoming hand extended to those who choose to turn away from false gods. As we find in Midrash Rabbah, this act exemplifies the inclusive nature of God's covenant, a desire for all people to find their way to truth and righteousness.

So, what can we take away from this ancient ceremony? It's a powerful reminder that covenants are serious, that choices matter, and that even in the most ancient of traditions, there's an echo of universal welcome. It makes you wonder: what kind of covenant are we making with ourselves, with our communities, and with the world around us? And how are we writing that covenant, not on stone, but in the very fabric of our lives?

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Sifrei Devarim 55:1Sifrei Devarim

There's a verse in Devarim – Deuteronomy – that always stops me in my tracks. It's in chapter 11, verse 29, and it looks simple at first, but it's packed with meaning.

"And it shall be, when the L-rd your G-d brings you…"

What's so special about that? Well, the Sifrei Devarim, an ancient collection of legal interpretations on the Book of Deuteronomy, breaks it down for us. It points out that the phrase "And it shall be" – v'haya in Hebrew – suggests immediacy. It's not some far-off promise; it's something that can happen now. The verse continues "when He brings you." The Sifrei understands this "bringing" as conditional. It suggests a powerful idea: Take upon yourself the mitzvah – the commandment, the good deed – stated in this passage. Act. Engage. Then, in reward for that action, you will come and inherit.

Inherit what, you might ask? The land, yes, but also something much deeper. It's about inheriting the spiritual legacy, the connection to something bigger than yourself, the feeling of belonging to a people and a story that stretches back millennia.

It's not passive. It's not just about waiting for good things to happen. It's about taking responsibility, about actively participating in the ongoing story of the Jewish people, and about embracing the mitzvot (commandments) as a path to connection and fulfillment.

So, what's the mitzvah in question here? Well, without going into too much detail (we could spend hours!), the surrounding verses discuss the blessings and curses that are to be proclaimed on Mount Gerizim and Mount Ebal when the Israelites enter the land. It's about making a conscious choice between good and evil, between blessing and curse, and aligning yourself with the path of righteousness.

But even without knowing the specifics of that particular mitzvah, the message is clear: Action precedes reward. Effort precedes inheritance.

How often do we wait for the "right" moment, for all the stars to align, before we take a step? How often do we put off doing good, thinking that we'll get around to it "someday"? This verse challenges that. It tells us that the act of doing the mitzvah itself is the key that unlocks the door to the inheritance.

It's a beautiful and empowering message, isn't it? The power isn't just "out there," with God, but also within us, in our capacity to choose, to act, and to connect. So, what mitzvah will you embrace today? What small act of kindness, of justice, of connection, will you take that will help you inherit the blessings that are waiting for you?

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Sifrei Devarim 56:3Sifrei Devarim

Sifrei Devarim reads a set of map coordinates with legal precision: where are Mount Gerizim and Mount Eival?

The passage starts with a seemingly simple phrase: "after the way of the coming of the sun." What does it mean? Well, quite literally, it's talking about the east – the place from which the sun shines and rises each morning. Okay, eastward we go!

Next, we encounter "in the land of the Canaani, who inhabits the plain." Now things get interesting. This refers to Mount Gerizim and Mount Eival. These aren't just any mountains; they're inhabited by the Cuthites, also known as Samaritans. They have their own version of the Torah and a long, complicated history with the Jewish people.

The real puzzle lies in the next phrase: "opposite Gilgal, near the terebinths of Moreh." This is where things get really specific. This is Shechem.

Why Shechem? Well, here's where a beautiful connection is made. The text points out a parallel to a story we find in Bereshith (Genesis) 12:6: "And Avram passed through the land, until the place of Shechem, until the terebinths of Moreh." See the echo?

The logic is this: it is written here "the terebinths of Moreh," and, elsewhere, "And Avram passed through the land, until the place of Shechem, until the terebinths of Moreh." Just as "the terebinths of Moreh" there, is in Shechem, so, here, Shechem is intended.

This is where it gets even juicier. Rabbi Elazar b. Rabbi Yossi recounts a fascinating exchange with Cuthite scribes. He accuses them of falsifying the Torah, specifically pointing out their addition: "near the terebinths of Moreh near Shechem." Ouch! Talk about calling someone out!

Why the accusation? Because the Jewish tradition arrives at the same conclusion – that this place is Shechem – through a gezeirah shavah. A gezeirah shavah is a method of interpreting Torah that relies on identifying identical words or phrases in different passages to connect their meanings. It's a form of oral law, which the Cuthites don't subscribe to.

As the text explains, "We learn it from a gezeirah shavah, (identity [i.e. we learn it by way of the oral law, to which you do not subscribe]), it being written "Are they not across the Jordan," and, elsewhere "And Avram passed through the land, etc." Just as "the terebinths of Moreh" there, is Shechem, so, here (Shechem is intended)."

So, the rabbi’s point is: even though you, Cuthites, added "near Shechem" to your version, we arrive at the same conclusion through our own interpretive methods! In other words, you added nothing new; we already knew that.

This passage from Sifrei Devarim isn't just about geography. It's about the intricate ways in which Jewish tradition interprets sacred texts, the fascinating historical relationships between different groups, and the enduring power of shared stories. It reminds us that even when we think we're just reading about places on a map, we're really exploring the depths of history, interpretation, and connection. What other hidden connections might we find if we keep digging?

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Sifrei Devarim 55:2Sifrei Devarim

The ancient text of Sifrei Devarim wrestles with this very question, and its answer is surprisingly nuanced.

We find ourselves in the book of Deuteronomy, or Devarim in Hebrew, specifically dealing with the commandment to pronounce blessings on Mount Gerizim and curses on Mount Eival. Now, it first appears, "Okay, blessings on one mountain, curses on the other. What's the big deal?" But the Rabbis of old never let a single word go unexamined.

The text asks, "then you shall deliver the blessing on Mount Gerizim" – what's the point? Isn't it obvious the blessing goes on Gerizim and the curse on Eival? We’ve already been told this! (Deuteronomy 27:12-13). The text isn't redundant; it's teaching us something deeper: that blessing should precede cursing.

Then, a natural question arises. Does this mean all the blessings come before all the curses? Can we just frontload all the good stuff and then reluctantly deal with the bad? The text immediately corrects this notion, pointing out the specific wording: "the blessing," and "the curse." One blessing comes before one curse. It's a measured, balanced approach, not an all-or-nothing affair. We’re talking about a pairing here, a carefully orchestrated sequence.

And here's where it gets really interesting. Sifrei Devarim draws a parallel between the blessings and the curses, almost equating them. It's not that one is inherently more important, but that they share a structure and a format.

Just as the curses were recited by the Levites, so too were the blessings. Both were proclaimed loudly. Both were spoken in Lashon HaKodesh, the Holy Tongue (Hebrew). Both were recited generically and specifically, meaning with broad pronouncements and detailed stipulations. And crucially, to both the blessings and the curses, everyone answered "Amen." Everyone, in unison, affirming both the good and the bad.

Now, imagine the scene: the people gathered, the Levites chanting, the mountains looming. According to this text, they turned their faces toward Mount Eival (the mountain of curses) during the blessings, and toward Mount Gerizim (the mountain of blessings) during the curses. Some commentaries, like that of Rashi, suggest that they faced the mountain that was not being referenced at that moment, as a sign of respect and intention to the mitzvah being performed.

Why this act of turning? Perhaps it's a reminder that even in the midst of blessing, we must acknowledge the potential for curse, and vice versa. That life is woven from both light and shadow. It's a powerful image, isn't it? A people turning, acknowledging the full spectrum of existence.

So, what does this all mean for us today? Maybe it's a call to embrace the complexities of life, to not shy away from the difficult truths, but to always lead with hope and blessing. To understand that even in the darkest moments, there is still the potential for light, and that even in the brightest moments, we must remain grounded in reality. It's a delicate balance, a constant turning, but perhaps that's where the true meaning lies.

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Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 18:15Yalkut Shimoni on Nach

"And half of them stood opposite Mount Ebal" (Joshua 8:30). What is meant by "and half"? Rav Kahana said: just as they were divided here, so they were divided over the stones of the ephod (this is written in remez 861). They raised an objection: there were two precious stones, and so forth, down to: this refutes Rav Kahana. Rather, what is meant by "and half"? It is taught: the half belonging to Mount Gerizim was greater than the half belonging to Mount Ebal, because Levi was below. The objection is raised: on the contrary, since Levi was below, they were fewer! This is what it means: even though Levi was below, the sons of Joseph were with them, as it says, "And the sons of Joseph spoke to Joshua" (and so forth).

It is taught: Rabbi says: it is impossible to say that Levi was below, since it already says above; and it is impossible to say that Levi was above, since it already says below. How then? The elders of the priesthood and Levites were below, and the rest were above. Rabbi Yoshiyah says: anyone fit for the service was below, and the rest were above. Rabbi says: both these and those were standing below; they turned their faces toward Mount Gerizim and opened with the blessing, then toward Mount Ebal and opened with the curse.

And what is the meaning of "upon" ["al"]? "Upon" means near. As it is taught: "And you shall place upon the row pure frankincense" (Leviticus 24:7) - Rabbi says: "upon" means near. Or does it not mean literally upon it? When it says, "And you shall cover upon the ark the veil" (Exodus 40:21), you must say that "upon" means near.

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Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 14:4Yalkut Shimoni on Nach

Six tribes went up to the top of Mount Gerizim and six to Mount Ebal, and the priests and the Levites and the Ark were below in the middle: the priests surrounded the Ark, the Levites surrounded the priests, and all Israel were standing on this side and on that side, as it is said, "And all Israel and its elders... stood on this side and on that side" (Joshua 8:33). They turned their faces toward Mount Gerizim and opened with the blessing, "Blessed is the man who does not make a carved image" (compare Deuteronomy 27:15), and these and those answered Amen. They turned their faces toward Mount Ebal and opened with the curse and said, "Cursed is the man who makes a carved image" (Deuteronomy 27:15), and these and those answered Amen. So they continued until they finished the blessings and the curses. And afterward they brought the stones and built the altar and plastered them with lime and wrote upon it the Torah in seventy languages, and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings, and ate and drank, and went to their place and lodged.

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