Parshat Vayishlach5 min read

Zepho of the Kittim and the Wars That Devoured Kings

A grandson of Esau kills the beast in a sealed cave, and the people of Kittim beg him to lead their armies against the empire of Angeas.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Beast in the Sealed Cave
  2. The Day They Carved His Name
  3. When Angeas and Janus Both Lay Dead
  4. A Victory Carried Home as a Bride
  5. The King Who Would Not Sound Retreat
Zepho of the Kittim and the Wars That Devoured Kings Click for full size

The Beast in the Sealed Cave

The ox had wandered off into the crags of Koptiziah, and Zepho went after it alone. He was a grandson of Esau, a son of Eliphaz, and he had come into these mountains with the people of Kittim, who had fled here from the armies of a king across the sea. A hero still has to chase a lost animal up a rockface like anyone else. He climbed until he found a cave mouth blocked by a single enormous stone. From behind it came a wet, tearing sound.

Zepho set his shoulder to the stone and heaved until it rolled aside. Inside, in the half dark, a creature crouched over a carcass. It was formed like a man from the waist up and like a he-goat below, and it was feeding on his ox. For years this thing had been dragging the cattle of Kittim off into the dark, and no one had dared the cave. Zepho did not wait. He killed it where it fed and hauled the body out into the light, so the people could see that the terror emptying their pastures was dead.

The Day They Carved His Name

Kittim went out of its mind with joy. The men who had lost calf after calf into the dark came to look at the split carcass and could not stop looking. They set aside a day in the year and called it by his name. On Zepho's day they brought him gifts and offered sacrifices, as though he were something more than a man. They pressed riches on him. They begged him not to leave. Lead our armies, they said. Stay and be our commander. The king across the water who had driven them into these crags still sat on his throne, and they wanted the man who had walked into the sealed cave standing between them and that throne.

His name was Angeas, king of Africa, and his was the empire that had scattered Kittim into the mountains in the first place.

When Angeas and Janus Both Lay Dead

Empires do not keep their shape. The years turned, and in one season both thrones emptied at once. Angeas of Africa died, and across the water Janus, king of Kittim, died as well. Into Africa's throne came Angeas's son, Asdrubal. Into the throne of Kittim came Latinus. Neither man would leave the other in peace.

A Victory Carried Home as a Bride

At first the war ran all one way. Latinus loaded his men into ships, crossed the sea, and came down on Africa. He beat Asdrubal in the field and beat him again, pushing deeper, until Asdrubal fell in battle and did not rise. His reign ended in the dirt of his own country. Latinus was not finished. Angeas had once cut a canal to bind Kittim and Africa together across the water, and Latinus tore it open and wrecked it, cutting the two lands apart, so that what the dead king had joined the living one unmade in an afternoon.

He sailed home with more than plunder. He carried back Ushpiziwnah, the daughter of the very Asdrubal he had killed. She was so beautiful that her people had taken to wearing her likeness on their clothing, so that a man might glance down at his own sleeve and find her face looking back. Latinus brought that face across the sea into Kittim as his bride.

The King Who Would Not Sound Retreat

On another shore of the same churning world, a different army lost its nerve. These soldiers had beaten kingdom after kingdom, but now they stood before a handful of warriors so terrible that the men muttered these were not men at all but demons. Twelve of them. Twelve, against a whole city. The soldiers came to their king with one plea. "How long shall we fight these terrifying warriors?" they said. "Let us go back to our land, before they wipe us out root and branch and leave no remnant."

Their king would not hear it. "O you heroes, you men of might and valor," he thundered, "have you lost your senses? After you have subdued so many kingdoms and countries, you cannot hold out against twelve men? Is this your bravery?" His fear was not the twelve. It was everything standing behind them. "If the nations and the kings we have made our tributaries hear of this," he said, "they will rise against us as one man, and make a laughing-stock of us, and do with us as they please." So he drove them back into the fight with the only weapon he had left, which was their pride. "Take courage, men of the great city of Nineveh, that your honor and your name be lifted up, and you become not a mockery in the mouths of your enemies."

He would sooner watch his own men wiped out root and branch than let the empire catch the scent of his fear. Behind him lay the thrones that had emptied in a single season, the canal torn open, the dead king's daughter riding home on a conqueror's ship. The twelve waited in the field, taken for demons, and the men of Nineveh turned back toward them.


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From the tradition

Sources

3 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Legends of the Jews 1:440Legends of the Jews

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Legends of the Jews by Louis Ginzberg (1909) · Public Domain

The people of Kittim – often associated with the Romans or other Mediterranean peoples – held Zepho in high esteem. They were so impressed with him that they practically begged him to stay and lead their armies, showering him with riches and honors.

Zepho is wandering in the mountains of Koptiziah. The people of Kittim had sought refuge there, fleeing the forces of an African king. While searching for a lost ox (because even heroes have to deal with mundane tasks. ), Zepho stumbles upon a cave. The entrance is sealed by a massive stone, but nothing can stop our hero. He shatters the stone and ventures inside. And what does he find? A creature unlike anything he’s ever seen. Ginzberg describes it as being "formed like a man above and a he-goat below." Can you A human-goat hybrid, a bizarre chimera straight out of mythology. And this creature? It was in the process of devouring Zepho's missing ox!

Without hesitation, Zepho slays the beast. Turns out, this monster had been terrorizing the cattle of Kittim for ages. The people were ecstatic, overjoyed at its demise. In gratitude, they dedicated a day of the year to Zepho, calling it by his name. On this day, everyone showered him with gifts and offered sacrifices in his honor. One act of bravery, one unexpected discovery, transformed Zepho from a respected leader into a celebrated hero, a figure of near-divine status. It just goes to show you, sometimes the most ordinary tasks, like looking for a lost ox, can lead to the most extraordinary adventures. And who knows, maybe there's a monster lurking in your own backyard, just waiting for a hero to emerge.

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Legends of the Jews 1:455Legends of the Jews

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Legends of the Jews by Louis Ginzberg (1909) · Public Domain

The Bible is often remembered as a self-contained book, but the world around it was teeming with stories, conflicts, and larger-than-life personalities. And sometimes, those figures brush up against the Biblical narrative in surprising ways. Take this fascinating tidbit from Ginzberg's Legends of the Jews.

The scene is a world in turmoil. Agnias, king of Africa, has died. So, too, has Janus, the king of Kittim. (Kittim, by the way, often refers to Cyprus or other Mediterranean islands in Jewish literature.)

Their successors, Asdrubal (the son of Agnias) and Latinus (the new king of Kittim), immediately locked horns in a protracted, devastating war. Who were these figures? We might not find them in our standard history books, but in the tradition of Jewish legend, they play their parts.

At first, fortune favored Latinus. He crossed the sea in ships, landing in Africa and dealing blow after blow to Asdrubal's forces. The war raged until Asdrubal fell on the battlefield, his reign cut short.

Latinus, not content with mere victory, then destroyed a canal that Agnias had built to connect Kittim and Africa – a strategic blow, severing a vital link between the two lands. This canal isn't mentioned elsewhere, displaying how Legends of the Jews, drawing from numerous sources, preserves unique historical details.

But here's the most intriguing part. Latinus returned to his kingdom not only with spoils of war but also with a bride: Ushpiziwnah, the daughter of the defeated Asdrubal.

Now, Ushpiziwnah. What a name.

And what a woman she must have been! She was so stunningly beautiful that her own people wore her likeness on their clothes! An entire population paying homage to her beauty in this way. It's a detail that speaks volumes about the power and influence – and perhaps even the perceived divine favor – associated with beauty in the ancient world.

This brief passage, drawn from Legends of the Jews, gives us a glimpse into a lost world, a world where the lines between history, legend, and folklore blur.

What other hidden gems might be waiting to be unearthed? What other tales of love, war, and beauty are lurking just beneath the surface of the texts we think we know so well?

Full source
Legends of the Jews 6:240Legends of the Jews

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Legends of the Jews by Louis Ginzberg (1909) · Public Domain

They were terrified. "How long shall we fight with these terrifying warriors?" they cried. "Let us return to our land, lest they exterminate us root and branch, without leaving a remnant." Can you blame them for wanting to cut their losses? The situation seemed dire, almost apocalyptic.

Their king? He wasn't having it. He saw something they didn't – or perhaps he was just more afraid of something else entirely.

"O ye heroes, ye men of might and valor," he thundered, "have you lost your senses that you ask to return to your land? Is this your bravery? After you have subdued many kingdoms and countries, ye are not able to hold out against twelve men?"

Twelve men! He's talking about twelve men standing against an entire city. It sounds crazy. But sometimes, the perception of strength is just as important as the reality.

The king continued, laying bare his real fear. "If the nations and the kings whom we have made tributary to ourselves hear of this, they will rise up against us as a man, and make a laughing-stock of us, and do with us according to their desire." It wasn't just about this battle; it was about the entire empire. It was about maintaining power through fear and intimidation. If Nineveh showed weakness, everything could crumble.

So, he rallied them with a desperate plea: "Take courage, ye men of the great city of Nineveh, that your honor and your name be exalted, and you become not a mockery in the mouth of your enemies." Is honor worth fighting for, even when the odds seem insurmountable? Is maintaining an image of strength more important than the safety of your people? The king of Nineveh certainly thought so. His words paint a picture of a leader desperately trying to hold onto power, clinging to the idea of invincibility even as fear gnaws at the edges of his kingdom.

And what were these "demons" the people feared so much? Well, that’s a story for another time. But the king's reaction reveals a truth that echoes through history: fear, pride, and the desperate need to maintain control can drive leaders – and entire nations – to make some truly remarkable choices.

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