God's Voice
Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 41
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Adapted from Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer (Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 41)
Edition Pirke DeRabbi Eliezer, Sefaria Vocalized Edition Translation English translation by Maggid , since no free public English translation of this passage exists.
License Public Domain (Public Domain)
The first utterance went forth, and the heavens trembled, and the seas and the rivers fled, and the mountains and the hills tottered, and all the trees bowed down, and the dead who were in Sheol came to life and stood upon their feet, as it is said, "but with him who stands here with us this day" (Deuteronomy 29:14). And all those destined to be created until the end of all the generations stood there with them, as it is said, "and also with him who is not here" (Deuteronomy 29:14). And the Israelites who were alive fell upon their faces and died.
And a second utterance went forth, and they came to life and stood upon their feet and said to Moses: "Moses, we are not able to hear the voice of the Holy One, blessed be He, any longer, lest we die there just as we died," as it is said, "And they said to Moses: Speak you with us, and we will hear; but let not God speak with us, lest we die" (Exodus 20:16). And now, why should we die just as we died? And the Holy One, blessed be He, heard their voice, and it was pleasing to Him, and He sent Michael and Gabriel, and they took hold of the two hands of Moses against his will and brought him near to the thick darkness, as it is said, "And Moses drew near to the thick darkness where God was" (Exodus 20:18).
יָצָא קוֹל רִאשׁוֹן וְהַשָּׁמַיִם רָעֲשׁוּ, וְהַיַּמִּים וְהַנְּהָרוֹת בָּרְחוּ, וְהֶהָרִים וְהַגְּבָעוֹת הִתְמוֹטְטוּ, וְכָל הָאִילָנוֹת כָּרְעוּ, וְהַמֵּתִים שֶׁבַּשְּׁאוֹל חָיוּ וְעָמְדוּ עַל רַגְלֵיהֶם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״כִּי אֶת אֲשֶׁר יֶשְׁנוֹ פֹּה עִמָּנוּ עֹמֵד הַיּוֹם״. וְכָל הָעֲתִידִים לְהִבָּרְאוֹת עַד סוֹף כָּל הַדּוֹרוֹת שָׁם עָמְדוּ עִמָּהֶם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְאֵת אֲשֶׁר אֵינֶנּוּ פֹּה״. וְיִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהָיוּ חַיִּים נָפְלוּ עַל פְּנֵיהֶם וָמֵתוּ.
וַיָּצָא קוֹל שֵׁנִי וְחָיוּ וְעָמְדוּ עַל רַגְלֵיהֶם וְאָמְרוּ לְמֹשֶׁה: ״מֹשֶׁה, אֵין אָנוּ לִשְׁמֹעַ קוֹלוֹ שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עוֹד וּמַתְנוּ שָׁם כְּשֵׁם שֶׁמַּתְנוּ״, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֶל מֹשֶׁה דַּבֵּר אַתָּה עִמָּנוּ וְנִשְׁמָעָה וְאַל יְדַבֵּר עִמָּנוּ אֱלֹהִים פֶּן נָמוּת״. וְעַתָּה לָמָּה נָמוּת כְּשֵׁם שֶׁמַּתְנוּ? וְשָׁמַע הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא אֶת קוֹלָן וְעָרַב עָלָיו, וְשָׁלַח מִיכָאֵל וְגַבְרִיאֵל, וְאָחֲזוּ בִּשְׁתֵּי יָדָיו שֶׁל מֹשֶׁה שֶׁלֹּא בִּרְצוֹנוֹ וְהִגִּישׁוּהוּ אֶל הָעֲרָפֶל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וּמֹשֶׁה נִגַּשׁ אֶל הָעֲרָפֶל אֲשֶׁר שָׁם הָאֱלֹהִים״.
Commentary Some say that then God's voice went forth and echoed throughout the world, as it is said. And the people perceived the voices (Exod. 20:15). And all the people who were in the camp trembled, and the earth shook, and the heavens fell down, and the mountains flowed. Israel first heard God's voice coming from the South, so they ran in that direction. Then they heard it coming from the North, so they ran that way. Soon after this they heard it coming from the East, and they turned in that direction. Then they heard it coming from the West, and they turned that way. All at once they heard the voice coming from the heavens, and they looked up. Then they heard it coming from the earth, and they looked down. In this way they learned that no one knows where God is hidden. Others say that not only did God's voice come to them from everywhere, but God revealed Himself to them from all four directions. It is said that each one heard God's voice according to his ability. The old men according to their ability, and the young men according to theirs, and the women according to theirs, and the children and the infants according to theirs, and even Moses according to his, so that each and every one would be able to endure it. As soon as the words issued from the mouth of God they became fire and flew upon the wind, and appeared in the sight of all the people. Then the angels of the Lord descended and took the words of God and brought them to each of the children of Israel and told them of the sanctity of the divine utterance. So too did God's voice split into seven voices, and from these seven into seventy languages, and traveled to the ends of the earth, and entered into the heart of every man. When the voice came forth, each nation heard the voice of God, and its soul departed from it, but Israel was not harmed, as it is said. Has any people heard the voice of God speaking out of afire, as you have, and survived? (Deut. 4:33). The notion that God saved His voice for the giving of the Torah is problematic, in that God created the world by speaking the words, " Let there be light," in Genesis 1:3. So too does God communicate with Abraham by speaking to him on several occasions. The rabbis seem to be making a fine distinction between "speaking" and "a voice." In any case, God's voice is an overwhelmingly powerful presence at Mount Sinai. The description of God's voice coming from all directions is based on several biblical verses, especially From the heavens He let you hear His voice to discipline you; on earth He let you see His great fire; and from amidst that fire you heard His words (Deut. 4:36), and God thunders marvelously with His voice (Job 37:5). The idea that God's voice was heard and understood by each according to his ability derives from the verse Moses would speak, and God would answer him in a voice (Exod. 19:19). In this passage, "a voice" seems to indicate that each person would hear it in a different way. This becomes emblematic of the teachings of the Torah to be understood differently by different individuals, according to their knowledge and ability. Exodus Rabbah 34:1 comments on this: "God only comes to them according to their power. When God gave the Torah to Israel, if He had come to them in the fullness of His power they would not have been able to withstand it. But He only came to them according to their power." The tradition that the people of Israel heard God speak in many different voices raises the question of whether what they heard were the voices of many gods. Exodus Rabbah 29:1 replies to this concern: "God said to Israel: 'Do not think because you heard many voices that there are many gods. But know that I alone am the Lord your God.'" Likewise, God is said to have appeared to the people with many different faces. Pirkei de-Rabbi Eliezer 21:6 considers this issue in a similar way to that of God's voice: "God appeared to them at Sinai with many faces: a defiant face, a joyous face, a laughing face, a kind and friendly face.... If a heretic says, "There are two different gods,' answer him: 'It is not written the gods (Elohim) have spoken face after face, but the Lord (YHVH) spoke with you face to face (Deut. 5:4).'" There is a rabbinic tradition that God's voice is still speaking from Mount Sinai. In Leviticus Rabbah 16:4, Ben Azzai tells Rabbi Akiba that he is hearing the words of the Torah and that they "are joyful even as they were on the day they were given at Sinai." The Ba'al Shem Tov believed that if the people of Israel sanctify and purify themselves, they will always merit hearing the voice of God speaking to them as He did at Sinai (Keter Torah, Yitro). One story about the Ba'al Shem Tov recounts how when he taught schoolchildren, he caused them to experience the Giving of the Torah on Mount Sinai, with the thunder and lightning. Later, at the time of Shavuot, when he spoke to them about the Giving of the Torah, he asked them if they remembered that event. All of them said yes, except for one, who eventually left the path of Judaism ( Kovetz Eliyahu, edited by Hayim Eliyahu Sternberg). In Esh Kadosh, Rabbi Kalonymus Kalman Shapira (18891943) asserts, "Even now the voice of the Torah can be heard emerging everywhere, from within one's own body as well as from the entire outside world." Hizkuni claimed to have heard the voice of God pronouncing the Ten Commandments in a dream. In his biblical commentary. Rabbi Yehudah Leib Alter of Ger, known as the Sefat Emet, comments about the verse All the people saw the voices (Ex. 20:15) that each of the people of Israel saw the divine soul within themselves, which was the root of his or her own life-force. Thus they did not require a leap of faith to believe the commandments, because they saw the voices.