Parshat Lech Lecha5 min read

Abraham Cut Beasts and Saw Four Kingdoms

Abraham hands Abimelech seven ewe-lambs and seals a peace over a well. Heaven counts the lambs and sends the bill: seven righteous men, seven sanctuaries.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Flesh on the Ground, Future in the Cut
  2. Birds of Prey
  3. The Choice at Sunset
  4. Seven Ewes at Beersheba
  5. Whole Bird, Split World
Abraham Cut Beasts and Saw Four Kingdoms Click for full size

Flesh on the Ground, Future in the Cut

Abraham lays out the covenant offerings and does not only cut beasts in two. He reads the future of his children written in flesh and blood and the stubborn fact of a bird left whole. The heifer that loves to thresh is Babylon, who will thresh Israel under three kings from Nebuchadnezzar to Belshazzar. The she-goat from the west is Greece, who will darken Israel's eyes with decrees and carve blasphemies where praise should be. The ram with two horns is Media, the kingdom of Cyrus and of Ahasuerus. The silent turtledove is Edom, last and most dreadful of the four, quiet the way a predator is quiet before the spring.

One bird he does not divide: the young pigeon. That is Israel, robbed by all four kingdoms yet never severed, kept whole so it can outlast every decree that thinks a people can be split the way meat is split for a treaty.

Abraham's knife knows more than butchery. It knows maps.

Birds of Prey

Birds of prey swoop toward the split meat as if the future were already carrion. Abraham drives them off with the same arms that welcomed strangers in the heat of the day. Those birds are the enemies who will claw at his seed. He scatters them so they will have no share in the World to Come. His staff moves through air that already smells like empire and ash and the long patience of a God who shows a man too much and still asks him to walk.

The carcasses steam. The sun lowers. The pigeon remains one body on the earth, a small insistence.

The Choice at Sunset

As the sun sinks, slumber takes him the way a heavy cloak takes a man who has been standing too long. The LORD shows him four things: Torah, sacrifices, the kingdoms, and Gehinnom (the fiery place of punishment after death). "While your children cling to Torah," God says, "they are spared." Then the terrible choice lands without soft edges: Gehinnom (the realm of judgment after death) or the yoke of empires?

Abraham, the rock from which Israel is hewn, chooses the kingdoms. Better the long grind of history than the pit. Better four empires with gaps of breath than a single unending fire. He does not know he has just prayed, in another key, the prayer Jacob will later hide inside spaced droves. He only knows he will not hand his children to the mouth that never stops.

Smoke and dread pass between the pieces. He stays in the vision until the choice is finished and cannot be unchosen.

Seven Ewes at Beersheba

Later, at Beersheba, Abraham sets seven ewe-lambs into the hand of Abimelech the Philistine and seals a covenant of peace with water rights and polite speech. The Holy One weighs each lamb. A gift can ripen into grief. Kindness given to the wrong house can echo for centuries. Four times a voice comes to Abraham, and four times it begins the same: "You gave him seven ewe-lambs."

For the seven, Philistines will war against Israel and prevail. For the seven, Philistine hands will cut down seven of Israel's righteous: Samson; Hophni and Phinehas; Saul and his three sons. For the seven, seven sanctuaries will fall: the Tent of Meeting, Gilgal, Nob, Gibeon, Shiloh, and the Eternal House twice over. For the seven, the Ark itself will sit abandoned in Philistine fields seven months long (1 Samuel 6:1).

The patriarch's lambs return as seven sorrows. Deeds of the fathers write on the days of the children, even when the fathers meant only peace at a well.

Whole Bird, Split World

On the covenant ground Israel stays whole while empires split and fall. At Beersheba a polite treaty plants thorns for centuries. Abraham can drive off carrion birds in an afternoon. He cannot always see which handshake will cost seven sanctuaries. He still walks between the pieces. He still chooses history over the pit. He still gives ewes because peace at a well looks, in the moment, like wisdom.

The pigeon remains one body. The kingdoms take their turns. The children cling to Torah when they can, and when they cannot, the vision's other branch waits like a door Abraham refused to open for them.

When he wakes from the dread sleep, the pieces are still there and the future is still there. He does not tell Sarah every empire he saw. Some visions are too heavy for a tent conversation. He keeps the choice like a stone in the pocket: kingdoms, not the pit. Later, when he presses ewes into a Philistine king's hand, he is still the same man who prefers a hard history to a closed fire, and still able to misread which kindness will cost sanctuaries.

The undivided bird in the vision is the argument he leaves his children: stay one body when the threshing floors of empire try to make you parts.


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From the tradition

Sources

2 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Midrash Aggadah, Genesis 15:11Midrash Aggadah

Translation of the source text.Midrash Aggadah (Buber), Public Domain, on Sefaria · CC-BY-SA

"And the birds of prey came down upon the carcasses" (Genesis 15:11), these are the birds that tear at prey. "And Abram drove them away", he made them fly off from upon them.

Another interpretation: "Take Me a heifer of three years old" (Genesis 15:9), this is Babylon, which set up three kings over Israel: Nebuchadnezzar, and Evil-merodach, and Belshazzar. And just as a heifer loves to thresh, so the kingdom of Babylon loves to thresh Israel, as it is said, "O my threshing, and the corn of my floor" (Isaiah 21:10).

"And a she-goat of three years old", this is Greece, of which it is written, "And the rough he-goat of the goats came from the west" (Daniel 8:8), and it set up three kings: Alexander of Macedon, and Gaskalnes, and Antoninus.

"And a ram of three years old", this is Media, as it is said, "The ram which you saw having the two horns are the kings of Media and Persia" (Daniel 8:20), and it set up three kings over Israel: Cyrus, and Ahasuerus, and Darius son of Ahasuerus.

"And a turtledove", this is Edom, for thus it is written, "And much increase is by the strength of the ox" (Proverbs 14:4).

"And a young pigeon", these are Israel, as it is said, "the wings of a dove covered with silver" (Psalms 68:14). And why is it called a young pigeon (gozal)? Because these four kingdoms rob (gozelin) Israel.

"And he divided them in the midst", in order to weaken them. "And laid each piece one against another", for no kingdom touches its fellow even by so much as a hair's breadth. "But the bird he did not divide", this is the young pigeon, so that Israel should have strength to endure their decrees.

"And the birds of prey came down upon the carcasses", this is David son of Jesse, who is called a bird of prey, as it is said, "the speckled bird of prey is My heritage to Me" (Jeremiah 12:9). "And Abram drove them away", Abraham made them fly off, so that they should have no portion in the World to Come.

"And as the sun was about to set" (Genesis 15:12), this is the Messiah son of David, who is called "sun," as it is said, "and his throne as the sun before Me" (Psalms 89:36). "And a deep sleep fell upon Abram", until the Messiah comes, Israel will be as though slumbering among them.

"And lo, a dread" (Genesis 15:12), this is the kingdom of Edom, as it is said, "dreadful and terrible and exceedingly strong" (Daniel 7:7). "Darkness", this is Greece, which darkened the eyes of Israel with their decrees, for they would write upon the horn of Israel's ox: "You have no portion in the God of Israel." "Great", this is the kingdom of Media, as it is said, "After these things King Ahasuerus made great" (Esther 3:1). "Fell upon him", this is Babylon, as it is said, "Fallen, fallen is Babylon" (Isaiah 21:9).

Four things did the Holy One, blessed be He, show to Abraham: Torah, and sacrifices, and the kingdoms, and Gehinnom. Torah, from where? As it is said, "and a flaming torch" (Genesis 15:17). Sacrifices: "Take Me a heifer of three years old." Gehinnom: "a smoking furnace" (Genesis 15:17). The kingdoms: "dread, darkness." He said to him: All the while that your children occupy themselves with Torah and with the commandments, they are saved from Gehinnom and from the kingdoms; but the Temple is destined to be destroyed and the sacrifices to cease. Abraham said to Him: What do You wish, that Your children descend into Gehinnom, or that they be enslaved to the kingdoms? [Abraham chose for himself the kingdoms; what is the reason? As it is said, "unless their Rock had sold them" (Deuteronomy 32:30), and "their Rock" is none other than Abraham], as it is said, "Look to the rock from which you were hewn; look to Abraham your father" (Isaiah 51:1-2). And from where do we know that the Holy One, blessed be He, desired this matter? As it is said, "and the LORD had given them up" (Deuteronomy 32:30).

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Midrash Aggadah, Genesis 21:28Midrash Aggadah

Translation of the source text.Midrash Aggadah (Buber), Public Domain, on Sefaria · CC-BY-SA

"The seven ewe-lambs of the flock" (Genesis 21:28). Our Rabbis said: Because Abraham gave Abimelech seven ewe-lambs, he was therefore punished, and the Ark of God stood in the field of the Philistines for seven months. The Holy One, blessed be He, said to him: "Abraham, you gave him seven ewe-lambs, by your life, his sons will make war with your sons and will be victorious."

Another interpretation: He said to him, "You gave him seven ewe-lambs, by your life, his sons will slay among your sons seven righteous ones." And these are they: Samson, Hophni and Phinehas, and Saul and his three sons.

Another interpretation: He said to him, "You gave him seven ewe-lambs, by your life, his sons will destroy seven sanctuaries." And these are they: the Tent of Meeting, Gilgal, Nob, Gibeon, Shiloh, and the Eternal House [the Temple] two times.

Another interpretation: He said to him, "You gave him seven ewe-lambs, by your life, my Ark will be abandoned in the field of the Philistines for seven months," as it is said: "And the Ark of the LORD was in the field of the Philistines seven months" (I Samuel 6:1).

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