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Nimrod Built a Furnace and Nine Hundred Thousand People Watched

Nine hundred thousand people came to watch Abraham burn. The Hebrew Bible never mentions it. The stories behind the silence are stranger than the fire.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. What Happened Before Genesis 12
  2. The Furnace and the Crowd
  3. A Year With Gabriel in Prison
  4. The Others Who Could Have Done It First

What Happened Before Genesis 12

We usually start the story of Abraham's life at Genesis 12:1, when a voice tells him to leave his country. The Torah is strangely quiet about the first seventy-five years. The ancient midrash is not. Those missing decades contain the single strangest episode in the patriarch's life: a night when King Nimrod of Casdim built a furnace the size of a field and nine hundred thousand people came to watch Abraham burn in it.

The Book of Jasher, the ancient Hebrew chronicle cited in Joshua 10:13 and 2 Samuel 1:18, has the scene in vivid detail. Nimrod had imprisoned Abram for ten days after Abram's declaration against idol worship. When Abram refused to reconsider, Nimrod summoned his advisors: kings, princes, governors, sages. He asked them what to do with a man who was bad-mouthing the king and disrespecting the gods. The consensus was immediate. Burning him alive seemed like the appropriate response.

The Furnace and the Crowd

A giant furnace was prepared in Casdim. The Book of Jasher is specific about the attendance: nine hundred thousand people gathered to watch. Women and children were on rooftops for better sightlines. It was a spectacle of power and fear, the king demonstrating what happens to a man who refuses to participate in the worship the empire requires.

Then something unexpected happened. The king's conjurors recognized something in the crowd. Haran, Abram's brother, had not yet decided which way to fall. He was watching to see whether Abram would survive the fire. He had made no commitment. If Abram burned, Haran would walk away on Nimrod's side. If Abram walked out of the fire alive, Haran would declare for Abram. He was waiting for the outcome before choosing his loyalty.

The fire consumed Haran. He had waited too long. The man who had not committed to faith before the furnace was thrown in after, and the furnace that had not destroyed Abram destroyed him.

A Year With Gabriel in Prison

The imprisonment before the furnace is less dramatic in the telling but no less strange in the details. The Legends of the Jews, Ginzberg's comprehensive anthology of rabbinic tradition, records that Nimrod threw Abram into a prison where no food and no water were provided. A slow death by starvation and thirst.

God heard Abraham's prayer. He sent the angel Gabriel. Gabriel was Abraham's companion in that prison for an entire year, providing food of every kind, the tradition says, and also a spring of fresh water that appeared in the cell. The prison-keeper witnessed the miracle with his own eyes. A man condemned to die of thirst and hunger was alive, fed, and beside a flowing spring. The keeper was convinced. He became a believer.

The Others Who Could Have Done It First

The Legends of the Jews preserves an observation that sharpens the significance of Abraham's defiance. The pious figures of his generation, Noah, Shem, Eber, Asshur, were not willing to do what Abraham did. Noah had survived the flood and was interested in his vineyard. The others were cautious, accommodating, watching. They had their own forms of righteousness that did not include standing in the public square of Nimrod's empire and saying the idols were nothing.

Abraham was alone in this. Not because he was the only man who knew what he knew, but because he was the only one who converted that knowledge into the kind of act that puts a man in front of a furnace. The Legends are not harsh about the others, they were righteous in the ways available to them, but the contrast sharpens Abraham's choice. He had no precedent from his generation. He was doing something no one in his world had been willing to do.


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Jasher 12Book of Jasher

After Abram's bold declaration against idol worship (in the previous chapter), King Nimrod isn't too pleased. According to the Book of Jasher, Nimrod had Abram thrown into prison for ten days to think it over. But Abram doesn't back down.

So, Nimrod gathers his advisors – kings, princes, governors, sages – for a consultation. "What should we do with this guy, Abram, who's bad-mouthing me and disrespecting our gods?" he asks. The consensus? Burning him alive seems like a reasonable response.

So, a giant furnace is prepared in Casdim. Imagine the scene: nine hundred thousand people gathering to watch Abram burn. The women and children are on rooftops, craning their necks for a better view. It's a spectacle of fear and power.

Then, something unexpected happens. The king's conjurors recognize Abram. "Wait a minute!" they cry. "Isn't this the kid whose birth fifty years ago was marked by a star swallowing four other stars? We warned you about him then!"

This revelation throws Nimrod into a rage, and he turns on Terah, Abram’s father. Nimrod accuses Terah of deceiving him years ago by swapping out the infant Abram with another baby to avoid the decree to kill children thought to be a threat to the throne. Terrified, Terah implicates his eldest son, Haran, claiming he was the one who advised the switch.

Now, Haran finds himself in a precarious position. That Haran was conflicted, saying in his heart, "If Abram prevails, I'll follow him. If the king prevails, I'll go after the king." Talk about hedging your bets!

So, both Abram and Haran are thrown into the blazing furnace. But here's where the miraculous happens. The Book of Jasher tells us that God loved Abram and delivered him from the fire. The cords binding him burn away, and Abram walks unharmed amidst the flames.

Haran, however, doesn't fare so well. Because "his heart was not perfect with the Lord," he's consumed by the fire. The men who threw them in also get a taste of the flames – twelve of them perish.

For three days and three nights, Abram wanders in the fire, untouched. The king's servants are astonished. Nimrod himself is bewildered. He orders Abram to come out of the fire, and Abram emerges unscathed.

"How is it that you weren't burned?" Nimrod asks.

Abram replies, "The God of heaven and earth, in whom I trust, delivered me."

Witnessing this miracle, the people, including Nimrod, bow down to Abram. But Abram quickly redirects their worship. "Don't bow down to me," he says. "Bow down to the God of the world who made you!"

Nimrod, astounded, showers Abram with gifts, including two head servants, Oni and Eliezer. And many of Nimrod's servants join Abram's growing following.

Abram returns home, continuing to serve God and teaching others to do the same. That Nahor and Abram marry their nieces. Nahor marries Milca, and Abram marries Sarai, who is barren.

Two years later, Nimrod has a disturbing dream. He sees Abram emerging from the furnace with a sword, attacking him. An egg falls on his head, turning into a river that drowns his troops. Then, the river turns back into an egg, and a bird emerges, plucking out Nimrod's eye.

The king's wise servant, Anuki, interprets the dream as a prophecy of Abram's future conflict with Nimrod and his eventual downfall. Anuki urges Nimrod to kill Abram to prevent this prophecy from coming true.

Nimrod, convinced, sends servants to assassinate Abram. But Eliezer, now Abram's loyal servant, overhears the plot and warns Abram, who flees to the house of Noah and his son Shem for safety.

Hidden away, Abram convinces his father, Terah, to leave Nimrod's kingdom and journey to the land of Canaan, away from Nimrod's reach. Terah listens to Abram's words, marking a turning point in their relationship.

What a story. It's a tale of faith, defiance, and divine intervention. But it also raises some interesting questions. How much of our lives is predetermined? Do we have the power to change our destiny, or are we simply playing out a script written long ago? And what does it mean to have "a perfect heart" with God, as the text says of Haran? It’s worth pondering, isn't it?

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Legends of the Jews 5:42Legends of the Jews

Abraham certainly did. That's exactly where our patriarch found himself in some of the extra-biblical stories surrounding his life.

In Ginzberg's retelling in, Legends of the Jews, King Nimrod, enraged by Abraham's challenge to his authority and idolatry, didn't just dismiss him. He threw him in the slammer. But not just any jail – a prison where he was forbidden food or water. A slow, agonizing death sentence.

The text says God heard Abraham's prayer. And who did He send? None other than Gabriel. Yes, that Gabriel, the archangel.

For an entire year, Gabriel was Abraham's roommate! Can you imagine? The angel provided him with food – all sorts of food, the story says! And not only that, a spring of fresh water miraculously appeared. A veritable oasis in the middle of a desolate prison.

Now, you might be thinking, "Okay, that's pretty amazing, but surely Nimrod will eventually find out." And you'd be right. After a year, the king's advisors, eager to solidify Nimrod's power, suggested a public execution. They wanted to make an example of Abraham, to scare everyone into believing in Nimrod "forever." The ego on this guy!

So, Nimrod issued a decree: everyone, young and old, man and woman, had to bring wood for a giant furnace. Forty days they toiled, building a pyre so enormous the flames reached the sky. The people were terrified. Can you blame them?

Then came the order to bring Abraham forth. But the warden, perhaps with a sliver of doubt or maybe just a touch of practicality, reminded Nimrod that Abraham hadn't eaten or drunk anything in a year. Surely, he was dead.

Nimrod, ever the showman, wasn't deterred. He ordered the warden to call out Abraham's name. If he answered, he’d be dragged to the fire. If he didn't, well, they'd bury what was left and try to erase his memory. Think about the weight of that moment. The king, the crowd, the towering inferno. and the question hanging in the air: would Abraham answer? Would his faith, and God's protection, prevail?

It's a powerful reminder that even in the darkest of times, when all seems lost, there might just be a spring of fresh water waiting for us, and maybe, just maybe, even an angel by our side.

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Legends of the Jews 5:44Legends of the Jews

Let me tell you a story about a man who faced that very situation, and how his unwavering faith defied even the sharpest steel.

You likely know the tales of his defiance against idol worship, but have you heard of the miraculous events that followed his imprisonment?

Abraham, as the story goes, had been thrown into prison for challenging the idolatrous practices of King Nimrod. Nimrod, a name that resonates with rebellion (as we learn from texts like (Genesis 10:8-1)2), was not a fan of Abraham's monotheistic views. But the story doesn’t end there.

While imprisoned, Abraham was miraculously saved from starvation and thirst. And who witnessed this miracle? The prison-keeper himself! Witnessing such a blatant display of divine intervention, the keeper became convinced of the truth of God and of Abraham's prophetic role. He publicly declared his belief. Imagine the courage it took to do that!

But as you might guess, King Nimrod wasn’t exactly thrilled. He threatened the prison-keeper with death unless he recanted his newfound faith. Could you imagine the pressure? He was faced with a terrifying choice.

But the keeper stood firm. Even with the executioner's sword at his throat, he refused to deny the truth. According to Legends of the Jews, a collection compiled by Rabbi Louis Ginzberg, the keeper proclaimed, "The Eternal He is God, the God of the whole world as well as of the blasphemer Nimrod." Talk about a powerful statement!

And then, the truly miraculous happened.

The hangman brought down his sword, ready to end the keeper's life. But the sword wouldn’t cut. The harder it was pressed against his throat, the more it shattered into pieces! Can you picture that scene? A weapon of death rendered useless by the power of faith.

What does this story tell us? It's a powerful reminder that even in the face of overwhelming opposition, faith can be an unyielding force. It's a evidence of the courage of conviction and the possibility of miracles when we stand up for what we believe in. The story leaves us wondering, what "swords" are we facing in our lives, and how can we find the strength to stand firm, like that prison keeper, in our own beliefs?

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Legends of the Jews 5:49Legends of the Jews

The story of Abraham offers a powerful lesson on this very topic. It's not just about being righteous, but about doing righteous deeds, about actively choosing faith even when it's difficult. Abraham lived in a world steeped in idolatry. King Nimrod, a figure often depicted as a tyrannical ruler, held sway. You might expect the truly righteous to stand up and be counted. But according to the Legends of the Jews, as retold by Ginzberg, that wasn't quite the case.

It first appears that the pious figures of the time, like Noah, Shem, Eber, and Asshur, would be natural allies in Abraham's quest to spread the belief in one God. But the tradition paints a slightly different picture. Noah, fresh off the Ark, seemed more interested in the pleasures of his vineyard than in spreading the word. Can you blame him? Maybe. But it does show us something about human nature.

Shem and Eber? They kept to themselves, hiding away. As for Asshur, he threw up his hands and essentially said, "I can't deal with these sinners!" and left the land.

So what set Abraham apart? Why is he considered such a pivotal figure in Jewish tradition?

It wasn't just that he was righteous, but that he chose to be. While others retreated or indulged, Abraham stood firm. He declared, "I will not forsake God." This unwavering dedication, this active choice to embrace faith, is what made him exceptional. The text emphasizes that even when his own parents weren't aligned with his beliefs, he didn't falter.

This reminds us that faith isn't passive. It's not enough to simply believe. It requires action, courage, and a willingness to stand up for what you believe in, even when it's unpopular or challenging. Abraham's story is a evidence of the power of individual conviction and the importance of actively choosing faith, day after day. It’s a powerful reminder that true faith isn’t just something you inherit; it's something you actively cultivate and live out in the world.

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Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 2Exempla of the Rabbis (Gaster, 1924)

A. & B. Abraham & Nimrod.

Pirke de R. Eliezer, XXVI.

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Lekh Lekha.

Gen. R. 38 § 19.

Gen. R. of Moses Hadar- shan to 11, 28 and 46, 28.

Horowitz, Eked, I, 40. Jerahmeel, ed. Gas ter ch. XXXIII. XXXV & Intro, p. 78ft. Sefer ha-Yashar, ch. XI. Midr. Decalogue, II, 1. Yalkut Shim. § 62. Bahya, Com. to Pentateuch. f. 25 c.

Elia de Vidas, Shebet Musar ch. 52.

Farhi, O. P. I, 33a. Jellinek, Bet Ham. I, 25, 34, II, 118, 119. Husin, Maase Nissim, No. 34.

Beer, Leben Abrahams. Benfey, Pantschat. I,

p- 376.

Eisenmenger, II, p. 378. Griinbaum, Jud. Dtsch.

Chrest. P. 218, 22. Kohler, Kl. Schriften I,

P- 578.

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p. 56. V 1

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Suchier, Denkmaler I, 627L

Vasiliev, Palaea I, p. 21. Codd. Oxf. 1311, f. 84a,

89 a and 2862.

Codd. G. 28, f. 28 ff. 185, No. 9, 942, f. 38a, 1321 and 1328.

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Legends of the Jews 5:50Legends of the Jews

The story of Abraham, and his fiery trial, certainly makes you wonder. It all begins with his father, Terah, a man who, according to Legends of the Jews, could read the heavens.

Terah saw a vision in the stars: the star of Haran, Abraham’s brother, engulfed in flames, yet simultaneously expanding to fill the entire world. A pretty dramatic image. What could it possibly mean?

Well, as Ginzberg's retelling in Legends of the Jews suggests, the interpretation became clear later. Haran was...wishy-washy. He couldn't quite commit to his brother Abraham's radical monotheism or stick with the idol worship of the time. He lacked kavanah, intention, a focused heart. He hedges his bets.

When the inevitable showdown came – those who refused to bow to idols were thrown into a fiery furnace – Haran decided to wait and see. He figured Abraham, being the older brother, would be tested first. If Abraham emerged unscathed, Haran would join him. If not... well, idols it is!

Talk about a lack of faith! As we all know, God miraculously saved Abraham. Haran, seeing this, declared his allegiance to Abraham. But as he approached the furnace, the flames leaped out and consumed him. The reason? His lack of sincere belief. He wasn't in it with his whole heart.

Terah's starry vision suddenly made sense. Haran was indeed consumed by fire, but Abraham, through his faith, would have descendants who would "fill the earth," just as the vision foretold.

But there's another, perhaps sadder, element to Haran's death. According to Legends of the Jews, it marked a grim first in human history: the first time a son died before his father. A disruption of the natural order, perhaps, a consequence of the spiritual turmoil of the time.

So, what do we take away from this story? Is it about the power of faith? The consequences of indecision? Or the mysteries hidden within the cosmos? Maybe it's a reminder that sometimes, the choices we make, even the ones we think are safe and calculated, can have fiery consequences. And that true belief requires a leap, a willingness to commit, even when the flames are rising high.

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Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 77:4Yalkut Shimoni on Torah

Terah used to gaze at the constellations. He saw the horoscope of Haran, that he would be burned; and the horoscope of Haran, that the world would be filled from him. The nations of the world came in to Abraham our father. They said to him: Whose are you? He said to them: I will never forsake the Holy One, blessed be He, who is in heaven. Immediately they cast him into the fiery furnace. There went down with him neither a wakeful one (ir), nor a seraph, nor an angel, but the Holy One, blessed be He, Himself, as it is said: "I am the LORD who brought you out." Haran's heart was divided; he inclined toward the words of his father. They came in to him. They said to him: Whose are you? He said in his heart: Abraham my brother is greater than I; if I see that he is saved, I will say I am of Abraham's [party]. Immediately they cast him into the fiery furnace, and he had not even finished going down before the fire put him to death; and the king took him and cast him before his father, as it is said (Genesis 11:28), "And Haran died in the presence of Terah his father." And Terah his father saw clearly that the world would be filled from him, but he did not know whether from the men or from the women. Sarai was his daughter, as it is said, "the daughter of Haran, the father of Milcah and the father of Yiscah," and the whole world was filled from her.

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Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Genesis 11:28Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Genesis

The Hebrew Bible says simply that Haran died before his father Terah in the land of his birth (Genesis 11:28). One quiet sentence. Targum Pseudo-Jonathan opens that sentence like a scroll and reveals the entire legend hidden beneath it.

Nimrod, the tyrant king of the Chaldees, has heard that young Abram will not worship his idol. So Nimrod builds a furnace of fire and throws Abram into it. And the fire, the Targum tells us in a single line that eclipses whole chapters of plain Scripture, had no power to burn him.

Comes the sentence most interpreters would rather skip. Haran, Abram's own brother, watches his brother step unharmed from the flames, and his heart becomes doubtful. He calculates. If Nimrod wins, I will stand with Nimrod. If Abram wins, I will stand with Abram. Haran will not choose until the outcome is clear.

The bystanders see Abram survive and explain it away: Haran must be a sorcerer, he must have spelled the fire. And then, min yad, out of hand, immediately, fire falls from the high heavens and consumes Haran alone. He dies in front of Terah his father, in the furnace that was built for his brother.

The Targumist's verdict is merciless and kind at once. The man who will not choose is not saved by neutrality; he is exposed by it. Faith, in this reading, is not certainty about God, faith is the willingness to take a side before you know who is winning. Haran waited for heaven to show its cards. The cards burned him.

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