Parshat Vaera4 min read

Dathan and Abiram Met Moses at the Brick Pits

That same afternoon Pharaoh took the straw. Dathan and Abiram stood in Moses's path and cursed him. The lamb was already between wolf and shepherd.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Men Standing in the Path
  2. The Lamb Between Wolf and Shepherd
  3. A Court Opened Over Moses
  4. Night on the Brick Pits

Moses and Aaron walked out of the palace with the words still in the air. Let my people go.

Dathan and Abiram Met Moses at the Brick Pits Click for full size

Pharaoh did not wait for morning. That same day he called the taskmasters and the Israelite foremen. No more straw. Gather it yourselves. Keep the same quota of bricks. "They are lazy," he said. "That is why they cry to go sacrifice."

This was the fourth decree. Hope had risen with the message. It fell with the missing straw. The lash found the same backs before night. Men who had just heard of leaving now ran into the fields to scrape stubble, and the brick count did not drop by a single loaf of clay.

Israel had scrolls they used to open on Shabbat, words that said the Holy One would deliver them. Pharaoh meant the heavier work to kill the rest day too. "Let them not regard false words," he said. Let them not rest. Let them not delight in a promise while clay was waiting. He clenched his teeth on the word he used for them, as if even their rest were filth.

Men Standing in the Path

When Moses and Aaron came out, men stood in their way. Dathan and Abiram, the pair later named as those who came out standing. They flung the curse at the messengers.

"May the Lord look upon you and judge!"

The brick dust was still on their clothes. The quota had not moved. They wanted a name to hang the new pain on, and the men who had gone in to speak were standing right there.

The Lamb Between Wolf and Shepherd

Israel already had the picture. A lamb seized by a wolf is torn when the shepherd pulls one way and the wolf the other. The creature stands between them, and both hands want it.

Pharaoh was the wolf. The Holy One was the shepherd. Moses carried the cry upstairs. "Between Pharaoh and You we are dying." Dathan and Abiram gave that cry a sharp tongue and pointed it at the brothers who had walked into the palace.

The tearing was real. Straw gone. Bricks due. A people pulled by empire one way and by Heaven the other. The wolf tore. The shepherd pulled. Dathan and Abiram did not invent the bruise. They aimed it.

A Court Opened Over Moses

Moses went back in and cried out. "Why have You brought harm upon this people? Ever since I came to Pharaoh, things have only grown worse."

The answer was a promise with a cut in it. "Now you shall see what I do to Pharaoh." The thirty-one kings of the land Moses longed to enter, those he would not see.

Then the Name that means Judge spoke. Elohim (אלהים) rose as a court. The charge was that Moses had spoken as if Heaven had done the people wrong. Strict justice stood up to try the prophet who had carried the complaint. Moses stood in that court with brick dust still on his heels and the people's cry still in his mouth.

The verdict did not fall. "And He said unto him: I am the Lord." The four-letter Name is mercy. Tender mercy rose to acquit. Moses almost became a defendant for the honesty of his cry, and compassion closed the case before a sentence could land.

Night on the Brick Pits

Dathan and Abiram wanted a man to blame. Pharaoh wanted quiet slaves. Heaven wanted a people free. Moses stood in the middle of three pulls, judged and then covered.

The brick pits did not soften that day. The quota did not drop. The wolf still pulled. The shepherd still pulled. The lamb still lived between them.

Years later Dathan and Abiram will open their mouths again, and the ground will answer. Even here their words named a real tear Heaven did not deny. Mercy acquitted the prophet without softening Pharaoh's same-day decree.

Night came down on the pits. Straw was gone. The count of bricks was the same. Moses walked back through a camp that smelled of clay and anger, a prophet Heaven had just tried and then covered, while Dathan and Abiram watched him pass.


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From the tradition

Sources

3 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Vaera 4:3Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Vaera

Translation of the source text.Midrash Tanchuma (Buber), Public Domain, on Sefaria · CC-BY-SA

"And they met Moses and Aaron standing to meet them" (ibid. ibid. 20). These are Dathan and Abiram, of whom it is written, "They came out standing" (Numbers 16:27). "And they said to them, 'May the LORD look upon you and judge'" (Exodus 5:21). Rabbi Judah the Levite, son of Rabbi Shalom, said: Israel said to him, To what are we like? To a single lamb that the wolf came and took from the flock, and the shepherd came after it. What did the wolf do? He sought to tear the lamb apart from between the shepherd. The lamb came into danger. So too Moses said before the Holy One, blessed be He: Between Pharaoh and You we are dying, as it is said, "in that you have made our odor abhorrent" etc. (ibid.).

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Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Vaera 4:4Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Vaera

Translation of the source text.Midrash Tanchuma (Buber), Public Domain, on Sefaria · CC-BY-SA

"And Moses returned unto the LORD and said: My Lord, why have You done harm to this people, etc. For ever since I came unto Pharaoh, etc." (Exodus 5:22-23). "And the LORD said unto Moses: Now you shall see, etc." (Exodus 6:1), what I do to Pharaoh and to the Egyptians; but what I do to the thirty-one kings you shall not see.

At that hour the Holy One, blessed be He, sought to sit in judgment over him. From where do we know this? As it is said, "And God (Elohim) spoke unto Moses" (Exodus 6:2). And Elohim means nothing other than a judge, as it is said, "You shall not curse a judge (Elohim)" (Exodus 22:27).

An advocate for the defense entered and pleaded merit on his behalf, as it is said, "And He said unto him: I am the LORD" (Exodus 6:2). And "the LORD" means nothing other than mercy, as it is said, "The LORD, the LORD, a God merciful and gracious, etc." (Exodus 34:6).

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Shemot Rabbah 5:18Shemot Rabbah

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 · CC-BY

It wasn't pretty. And it certainly wasn't subtle.

Our story picks up right after Moses and Aaron deliver their fateful message: "Let my people go!" (Exodus 5:1). Pharaoh, predictably, wasn't thrilled. In fact, Pharaoh was so enraged that he immediately retaliated.

"That day, Pharaoh commanded the taskmasters of the people, and their foremen, saying" (Exodus 5:6). The Shemot Rabbah (Exodus Rabbah), a classic collection of rabbinic interpretations on the Book of Exodus, points out the immediacy of Pharaoh's response. "That day, Pharaoh commanded" – it teaches about this wicked one that he did not delay harming them. This, according to the Rabbah, was the fourth decree against the Israelites. A swift, brutal response.

The taskmasters, Egyptians, and the foremen, elders of Israel, were then given their orders. "'You shall no longer give the people straw to make bricks, as previously; they will go and gather straw for themselves. And the quota of the bricks that they made previously, you shall impose upon them; you shall not diminish from it; for they are lazy; therefore they cry, saying: Let us go and sacrifice to our God. Let heavier work be imposed upon the men, and they will labor in it; and let them not regard false words.'" (Exodus 5:7–9).

No more straw, the key ingredient to bind the bricks. But still expected to produce the same impossible quota.

The Shemot Rabbah highlights the insidious nature of Pharaoh's plan. "'You shall no longer give the people straw… and the quota of the bricks' – from here you learn that each and every one had a quota of how many bricks they were to make daily." Initially, he "enslaved them with gentle persuasion" to gauge their maximum output. Then, he cruelly enforced that peak performance as the new standard, regardless of the conditions.

And the accusation that they were "lazy" (nirpim)? Rabbi Shimon ben Yohai didn't mince words. The Rabbah recounts, "He began clenching his teeth and saying: You are nirpim, which is an expression of filth... May his bones be crushed, as they [Israel] are sacred." Ouch. That's some serious condemnation of Pharaoh's words and actions!

What fueled Pharaoh's anger even more? According to the Rabbah, the Israelites had scrolls and delighted in them every Shabbat, the Sabbath. These scrolls prophesied their eventual deliverance. So, Pharaoh saw their day of rest, their connection to something beyond their suffering, as a threat. "'Let heavier work be imposed upon the men, and they will labor in it; and let them not regard [yishu]…' – let them not delight [mishtaashin], and let them not rest on the Shabbat day."

Pharaoh's aim was clear: crush their spirit, break their connection to their faith, and extinguish any hope of freedom. It's a chilling reminder of how oppression often targets not just the body, but the soul.

This passage from Shemot Rabbah offers a stark glimpse into the darkness of slavery and the resilience of the human spirit. And sometimes, that's the most powerful form of resistance.

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