Parshat Lech Lecha6 min read

God Lifted Abram Above the Sky and Told Him to Step on His Star

Abram knew how to read a horoscope, and his own said he would never father a son. God agreed with the reading, then took him up above the sky.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Ten Years in Canaan and Still No Child
  2. He Read His Own Sky and Found It Shut
  3. God Took Him Up Above the Dome
  4. The Old Sentence Could Not Reach the New Names
  5. God Told It Slightly Wrong to Keep the Peace
  6. The Blacksmith and the Two Chains
God Lifted Abram Above the Sky and Told Him to Step on His Star Click for full size

Ten Years in Canaan and Still No Child

Sarai did the arithmetic before she said anything. Ten years in the land, and the count only starts once you are in the land, so the years in Haran did not help her case and she knew it.

Then she went and found the Egyptian girl and worked on her with words, and the words were flattering and terrible at once. Think how fortunate you are. You are going to be joined to this holy body.

She gave Hagar to her husband as a wife, not as a concubine, and she gave her to him and to nobody else, because the point of the arrangement was that the house would be built and there was no other way left to build it.

He Read His Own Sky and Found It Shut

Abram came to God with the complaint of a man who has checked his own figures twice.

"My constellation presses me," he said. "It stands over me and it says the same thing every night. Abram, you will not father a child. The one who inherits me is going to be a servant of my household."

He was not guessing. He knew how to read that sky. He had been reading it his whole life, and every reading came back the same, and the sentence in it was not cruel, only fixed.

God did not argue with the reading.

"It is exactly as you say."

God Took Him Up Above the Dome

Then he brought him outside.

Outside of what. The man was already standing under the open night. He was taken outside the world, up past the streets of heaven, and set down on top of the dome of the firmament, on the far side of the place where the constellations run.

"Look toward the heavens."

The word is not lift up your eyes. The word is look down. Everywhere that word is used, somebody is looking at a thing below him.

So Abram stood above the sky he had been reading from underneath his whole life and looked down at his own star.

"Get out of your astrology," God said. "You are a prophet. You are not an astrologer."

Years later a foreign king would wake in the middle of the night in Gerar with God in his bedroom telling him to give the woman back, because the husband is a prophet and the prophet will pray for you and you will live. That was the proof. The stars answer to the man who prays, and the man who prays had spent decades taking orders from the stars.

Rav Levi put it the way a man puts things when his feet hurt. While the sandal is on your foot, tread on the thorn. Whoever stands underneath them is afraid of them. You are standing on top of them. Step on it.

"Now, who is greater," God said. "You, or the thing you are standing on?"

The Old Sentence Could Not Reach the New Names

"Are you telling me I am going to have a child?"

"Leave your measure. Abram will not father a child. Abraham will. Sarai will not bear. Sarah will."

The verdict in the sky was never overturned. It was left standing exactly where it was, correct in every particular, and pronounced over two people who no longer existed. A letter went into each name, and the couple the constellation had been ruling for a century were not in the room anymore.

Generations afterward, when Israel started leaning toward the same charts and diviners the nations used, God shut it down and gave a reason that was really a family story. Your father Abraham wanted to go that way too. I would not let him.

God Told It Slightly Wrong to Keep the Peace

Sarah heard the promise from behind the tent flap and laughed inside herself, and what she said inside herself was not flattering to her husband. After I am worn out, am I going to have pleasure? And my lord is old.

God came and reported the laugh to Abraham. "Why did Sarah laugh, saying, am I really going to bear a child, when I have grown old?"

She had said her husband was old. God said she had said she was old.

Bar Kappara looked at that swap for a long time and said what he saw. Peace between a husband and a wife is worth so much that Scripture itself will tell it slightly wrong in order to keep it.

The Blacksmith and the Two Chains

Is anything too hard for the Lord?

Rabbi Yudan ben Rabbi Simon answered with a man walking into a forge holding two broken chains. He puts them on the anvil. Can you fix these for me?

The blacksmith looks at him. I made them. I made them out of nothing but ore and fire in the first place. Am I not able to mend them?

I made those two bodies, God said. Am I not able to bring them back to the days when they were young?

At the set time she bore a son, and they called him Yitzchak, which is laughter, after the noise she had made behind the tent flap when she heard it was coming.


← All myths

From the tradition

Sources

8 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Bereshit Rabbah 44:10Bereshit Rabbah

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 · CC-BY

As we find in (Genesis 15:3), Abraham cries out, "Behold, to me You have not given offspring, and a member of my household is my heir." He's pouring out his heart, expressing his deep longing for a child, an heir to carry on his legacy.

What's really fascinating is how the rabbis of the Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary), specifically in Bereshit Rabbah 44, unpack this verse. Rav Shmuel bar Rav Yitzḥak offers a stunning interpretation: Abraham believed his very astrological constellation was conspiring against him. He felt trapped by a predetermined fate, convinced the stars themselves declared he would never have children.

He says to God something along the lines of: "My mazal, my astrological sign, is practically shouting at me! It's saying, 'Abram, you're never going to be a father!'" Mazal, by the way, often translated as "luck," can also refer to one's astrological destiny, the influence of the stars at the time of birth.

Here's where the story takes a dramatic turn, a moment of profound hope and divine intervention. The Holy One, Blessed be He, responds with words that must have echoed with unbelievable power: "Indeed, it is as you say; Abram will not beget offspring, but Abraham will beget offspring."

Whoa.

What does this mean? God isn't denying the influence of the stars outright. Instead, He's saying something far more profound: destiny isn't fixed. It can be altered, transcended. The very name, the very essence of the man, needs to change to break free from this celestial decree.

And it doesn't stop there. "Sarai your wife, you shall not call her name Sarai...Sarai will not bear children, but Sarah will bear children." Just as Abram becomes Abraham, Sarai transforms into Sarah. These aren't just name changes; they represent a fundamental shift in their being, a realignment of their destiny.

That even when faced with seemingly insurmountable obstacles, even when the universe itself seems to be dictating our fate, we have the potential to rewrite our story. We have the potential, with divine assistance, to become something more than we ever thought possible.

So, the next time you feel like the stars are against you, remember Abraham and Sarah. Remember that destiny isn't a fixed point; it's a journey, a collaboration between ourselves and the Divine, a chance to become the people we were always meant to be.

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Bereshit Rabbah 45:3Bereshit Rabbah

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 · CC-BY

They were promised descendants as numerous as the stars, yet years went by in the land of Canaan, barren and seemingly forgotten by destiny.

The Torah tells us, “Sarai, Abram’s wife, took Hagar the Egyptian, her maidservant, at the conclusion of ten years of Abram’s residence in the land of Canaan, and she gave her to Abram her husband as a wife” (Genesis 16:3). It's a simple statement, but it's pregnant with unspoken emotions.

"Sarai, Abram’s wife, took Hagar the Egyptian, her maidservant" – she didn't just hand her over. Instead, she took her with words, with persuasion! She convinced her, saying something along the lines of, "How fortunate you are, that you are going to cleave to this sacred body." Can you The mix of desperation, hope, and maybe even a touch of envy?

Why ten years, though? What's so significant about that timeframe? Rabbi Ami, citing Reish Lakish, offers an intriguing connection to Jewish law. According to the Mishna (Yevamot 6:6), if a man remains married for ten years without having children, he is obligated to divorce his wife and seek another. This idea, they suggest, comes from here: “At the conclusion of ten years of Abram’s residence in the land of Canaan.” This detail emphasizes that only their time in the Promised Land counts toward this "fertility clock." It's as if the land itself is a necessary ingredient for the fulfillment of God's promise. They were married many years before living in Canaan, but those years don't count.

And there's more. "And she gave her to Abram her husband." The text says "to Abram," specifically, and not to another man. According to the Rabbis, Sarah wished to be “built up” by having her maidservant bear children for her. She wanted those children to be connected to Abraham’s lineage. She could have given Hagar to anyone, but chose Abraham.

Finally, Hagar was given "as a wife," and not merely as a concubine. This detail elevates Hagar's status and emphasizes the seriousness of the arrangement.

What does this all mean? It's a reminder that even in the stories we think we know so well, there are layers upon layers of meaning waiting to be uncovered. It’s evidence of the enduring power of interpretation, of wrestling with the text to find new insights into the human condition, and the unwavering, sometimes heartbreaking, pursuit of faith. It also illustrates the vital importance placed on procreation in Jewish tradition. And, perhaps most powerfully, it reveals the complex and deeply human emotions at play in this pivotal moment in the story of Abraham and Sarah, emotions that resonate even millennia later.

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Bereshit Rabbah 48:18Bereshit Rabbah

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 · CC-BY

Sounds wild. to it.

The story comes from Bereshit Rabbah, a classic collection of rabbinic interpretations on the Book of Genesis.

Remember the scene? Sarah, eavesdropping near the tent flap, can't help but chuckle at the absurdity of the idea. (Genesis 18:13) tells us: "The Lord said to Abraham: Why is it that Sarah laughed, saying: Shall I indeed bear a child, and I have grown old?"

Here's the kicker. Bar Kappara, a sage quoted in Bereshit Rabbah, points out a fascinating discrepancy. Peace – shalom bayit, peace in the home – is so vital that even Scripture itself adjusted the narrative to protect it!

See, Sarah’s actual thought, as recorded in (Genesis 18:12), was: “After I am worn out, and my lord is old, will I now have this pleasure?” She didn't just think she was old; she also thought Abraham was old! Ouch.

But when God repeats Sarah's words to Abraham, He omits the part about Abraham’s age. Instead of saying, “Why did Sarah laugh, saying, ‘Shall I indeed bear a child, and my husband is old?’”, God says, “Why is it that Sarah laughed, saying: Shall I indeed bear a child, and I have grown old?”

Notice the difference? It’s subtle, but powerful. God essentially rephrases Sarah's sentiment to spare Abraham's feelings. The verse, as Bereshit Rabbah emphasizes, doesn't include Sarah's slight against Abraham: "My husband is old." The focus shifts entirely to her own advanced age.

Why this divine editing? Because, as the rabbis understood it, the potential damage to Abraham's ego and the resulting marital strife outweighed the importance of a verbatim quote.

So, what are we to make of this?

On one level, it's a charming anecdote, a peek into the rabbinic understanding of marriage as a delicate balance requiring careful tending. But it’s also a profound statement about the value system at the heart of Jewish tradition. Shalom bayit, peace within the home, is not just a nice-to-have; it's a value so significant that even the divine narrative can be shaped to uphold it.

How do we prioritize peace in our relationships? What "truths" might we gently reshape, not to deceive, but to nurture understanding and connection? And is that so wrong, after all?

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Bereshit Rabbah 48:19Bereshit Rabbah

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 · CC-BY

Because today's little story from Bereshit Rabbah, the great commentary on the Book of Genesis, is all about the power of the seemingly impossible.

The verse At the time, I will return to you; at this time next year, Sarah will have a son.” It's a pivotal moment. Sarah is old, Abraham is old. They've longed for a child their entire lives. And now, God is promising them a son. But can it really happen? Is anything really beyond God’s power?

Rabbi Yudan ben Rabbi Simon, a sage whose insights are treasured in Jewish tradition, offers a powerful analogy to help us understand. He tells of a man who approaches a blacksmith with two broken chains. "Can you repair these for me?" he asks.

Think about this for a moment. What's the more difficult task: creating something from scratch or fixing something that already exists? The blacksmith, with a twinkle in his eye, responds, "I can make them in the first place! Should I not be able to repair them?"

Isn't that brilliant? The blacksmith's logic is irrefutable. If he has the power to forge something new, surely he possesses the skill to mend what is broken.

And that's precisely Rabbi Yudan's point. If God could create the world ex nihilo – out of nothing – shouldn't restoring youth and fertility to Abraham and Sarah be comparatively simple? God says, "I am able to create them in the first place, should I not be able to restore them to the days of their youth?"

The message resonates far beyond the story of Abraham and Sarah. It's evidence of the boundless potential within the divine. It's about reframing our perspective. Instead of dwelling on the enormity of the challenge, we can focus on the source of infinite possibility.

We often limit ourselves, don't we? We see obstacles as insurmountable, forgetting the sheer creative force that brought everything into being. We forget the power that breathes life into the universe every single moment.

Remember Sarah and Abraham. Remember that the One who can create something from nothing can certainly repair what's broken.

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Bereshit Rabbah 52:11Bereshit Rabbah

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 · CC-BY

Remember when Abraham and Sarah are traveling, and Abraham introduces Sarah as his sister to protect himself? (Genesis 20:11). He says, "Because I said: Surely there is no fear of God in this place, and they will kill me over the matter of my wife." Then he adds, "And also, she is my sister; the daughter of my father, but not the daughter of my mother, and she became my wife" (Genesis 20:12).

So, what's going on here? The text explains that Abraham answered them "in accordance with their practice." According to the Midrash, the people of that place permitted marrying a paternal sister, a sister who shares the same father. But not a maternal sister, one who shares the same mother. So, Abraham was essentially saying, "Hey, according to your rules, this is perfectly fine!" He's trying to make his marriage to Sarah seem valid within their cultural framework.

The story doesn't end there. Abraham continues, "It was, when God caused me to wander [hitu] from my father's house, I said to her: This is your kindness that you shall perform for me; at every place that we will come, say of me: He is my brother” (Genesis 20:13).

Here's where it gets even more interesting. Rabbi Hanin jumps in and says something along the lines of: "If only we could explain this verse in three ways and thereby fulfill our obligation!" Why? Because the Hebrew word for "caused me to wander," hitu, is a bit problematic.

See, hitu is plural, which could imply that multiple gods commanded Abraham. That doesn't sit well with the idea of one God. Also, the root of hitu, ta’a, can mean either "to wander away" or "to become corrupt." So, it could be interpreted as God corrupting Abraham. Not ideal!

Rabbi Hanin offers three interpretations to smooth things out.

First, he suggests that the plural form, hitu, isn't about God at all! Instead, it refers to the nations of the world who sought to fight against Abraham while he was still in his father’s house. God, blessed be He, protected him. So, God is expressing a separate thought; that God saved me from them.

Second, when the nations of the world sought to lead me astray [lehatot], the Holy One blessed be He revealed Himself to me and said to me: “Go, you” (Genesis 12:1).

Third, when the nations of the world sought to stray [litot] from the ways of the Holy One blessed be He, He appointed for them two prominent leaders from my father’s family, Shem and Ever, who would give them warning [to repent]. This is a clever way to explain the verse while keeping God's image intact.

What does this all mean? It shows us how the rabbis grappled with the complexities of the biblical text. They weren't afraid to ask tough questions and offer multiple interpretations. It also highlights the importance of context. Abraham had to navigate a foreign culture, and his actions were shaped by the circumstances he found himself in. He wasn't simply lying; he was adapting to survive. The rabbis understood that.

So, next time you find yourself in a situation where you have to explain yourself or adapt to a different culture, remember Abraham. Remember that sometimes, the most important thing is to understand the context and act accordingly. And remember that even in the most difficult situations, there's always room for interpretation and understanding.

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Midrash Aggadah, Genesis 15:5Midrash Aggadah

Translation of the source text.Midrash Aggadah (Buber), Public Domain, on Sefaria · CC-BY-SA

"And He brought him outside" (Genesis 15:5). Abraham said to the Holy One, blessed be He: But do I not see in my constellation that I shall have no children, yet You say to me, "So shall your seed be"? The Holy One, blessed be He, said to him: All human beings dwell beneath their constellation, and therefore the constellation judges them; but you are above the dome of the firmament where the constellations are. And every place where "Look" (habet) is said, it is only from above to below, as it is written, "Look down from heaven and see" (Psalms 80:15).

And why did the Holy One, blessed be He, bless Abram thus, "So (koh) shall your seed be"? That is to say, He blessed him with two of the names of the Holy One, blessed be He, for the numerical value of "koh" is as the numerical value of the Great Name.

Another interpretation: The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Abraham, I will bless you with "koh," as it is written, "Thus (koh) shall you bless the children of Israel" (Numbers 6:23); and I will rescue Isaac from the binding through the merit of "koh," as it is written, "And I and the lad will go yonder (ad koh)" (Genesis 22:5).

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Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 76:10Yalkut Shimoni on Torah

Translation of the source text.Torat Emet (Yalkut Shimoni) · CC-BY-NC

"And Abram said, Behold, to me You have given no seed" (Genesis 15:3). Rav Shmuel bar Yitzhak said: The constellation presses me and says to me, Abram, you do not beget. The Holy One, blessed be He, said to him: Let it be as your word - Abram does not beget, Abraham begets; Sarai does not bear, Sarah bears. "And behold, the word of the LORD came to him, saying" (Genesis 15:4) - angel after angel, speech after speech: I and three angels are revealed to you and say to you, Lot the cursed shall not inherit Abraham. "And He brought him outside" (Genesis 15:5). Now did He bring him outside the world, that Scripture says, "And He brought him outside"? Rather, He showed him the lanes of the heavens, as you say, "before He had made the earth and the outside places" (Proverbs 8:26), and He raised him up above the dome of the firmament. This is what He said to him, "Look now toward the heavens" - and looking-down (habatah) is only from above to below, as you say, "Look down and answer me, O LORD my God" (Psalms 13:4). "And He brought him outside" - go out from your astrology; you are a prophet, and you are not an astrologer, as it is said, "Restore the man's wife, for he is a prophet." In the days of Jeremiah, Israel sought to come to this measure [of astrology], and the Holy One, blessed be He, did not permit them, as it is said, "Thus says the LORD, Learn not the way of the nations" (Jeremiah 10:2), and so forth - already Abraham your father sought to come to this measure, and I did not permit him. Rav Levi said: While the sandal is on your foot, tread down the thorn. Anyone who is placed below them fears them, but you, who are placed above them, tread them down.

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Midrash Tanchuma, Shoftim 11Midrash Tanchuma

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Townsend 1989 translation of Midrash Tanhuma, S. Buber Recension · CC-BY

Another interpretation: "As these nations that you are about to dispossess, etc. but you not like this to you" (Deuteronomy 18:14). It is speaking about Avraham, as he saw through astrology that the constellation said to him that Avram and Sarai would not have a child. What did the Holy One, blessed be He, do for them? Rabbi Yehudah beRabbi Simon said in the name of Rabbi Chanin, "It is written (Genesis 15:5), 'And He took him outside and said, "Observe towards the heavens."' He raised him above the dome of the firmament (above the skies)." As "out" can only [indicate] firmament, as it is stated (Proverbs 8:26), "Before He had made the land and the outside places." And it is also stated (Isaiah 33:7), "Behold the [angels of] Ariel yelled outward." The Holy One, blessed be He, said to him, "That which you said (Genesis 15:3), 'Behold, the one over my household shall inherit me'; the matter is not like this, 'but rather the one who will come out of your innards will inherit you' (Genesis 15:4)." He said [back] to Him, "Are You telling me that I will have a child?" The Holy One, blessed be He, said to him, "Leave your measure! Avram will not have a child, Avraham will have a child; Sarai will not have a child, Sarah will have a child." "And He took him outside." He said to him, "Behold, you are above the constellation. Who is greater than whom? Is it not you, as you are above it?" "Observe towards the heavens." It is not written, "Lift up your eyes towards the heavens," here, but rather "observe." [This] is like a man who observes [what is] below from above. So is it stated (Psalms 13:4), "Observe; answer me, Lord, my God." "And He said to him, 'So will be your seed'" (Genesis 15:5). Moshe said to them, "Just as Avraham left the constellation and did not occupy himself with it, also you." "The Lord, your God, did not give you like this" (Deuteronomy 18:14).

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