Parshat Vayeshev5 min read

Joseph's Bones Walked Beside the Ark for Forty Years

The brothers who sold him stood over the bed. He asked them for bones, not a tomb, because Egypt would trap his sons with honor.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. He Made the Brothers Swear
  2. The Coat Named the Road
  3. Gad's Lamb Became a Charge
  4. Two Arks Moved Through the Dust

The brothers who had sold Joseph now stood over his bed. He could not sit up. Egypt's physicians had packed the oils and gone, and the room smelled of myrrh and fever. He asked for one thing, and it was smaller than a tomb. Carry my bones. Bury them anywhere in the land. The cave is for the three fathers and their wives.

Joseph's Bones Walked Beside the Ark for Forty Years Click for full size

"Take my bones with you," he said, "when God visits you and brings you up out of this land."

He Made the Brothers Swear

He took the oath from the brothers, not from his sons, because he understood Egypt. If he asked only Manasseh and Ephraim, the court would call their refusal respect. A viceroy's sons do not haul a coffin through a palace gate. A viceroy's brothers, the same men who once lowered him into a pit, could not be refused so politely. Their line had brought him down. Their line would have to lift him out.

He made them swear it on their own deathbeds too, so the next generation would inherit the burden. He told them not to leave until a redeemer came speaking one word: pakod (פקד), "I have surely visited you." Abraham had given that word to Isaac, and Isaac to Jacob, and Jacob to him. Without it, Egypt would stay a grave with palaces on top.

He had carried Jacob home while the body was still whole. For himself he asked less and demanded more. Get me out, he said. The rest is dust.

The Coat Named the Road

Years earlier Jacob had dressed the choice in wool. The coat was so light a man could crush it in one closed palm, but it flashed when Joseph walked, and every brother could read it. Jacob had looked at Rachel's face in the boy and been consoled, so he made the consolation visible. The sons of the handmaids already knew how ranking worked in that crowded house. Now the whole camp could see the sentence.

They called the garment passim. One of them spat the letters like a map. Pe for Potiphar. Samek for the merchants. Yod for the Ishmaelites. Mem for the Midianites who would sell him onward. The coat was a gift, but it was also a road folded over a boy's shoulders, and he did not know how to walk softly in it.

They knew another meaning too. Clefts. A sea would split one day for Joseph's sake, and that future made them smaller before any pit had opened. Joseph dreamed aloud because favored boys often mistake disclosure for innocence. In one dream their fruit rotted and his stayed sound. In another they bowed. He told both, so the field at Dothan was already prepared before he reached it.

Gad's Lamb Became a Charge

Gad kept the flock at night. When a beast came out of the dark he seized it by a leg, whirled it until it went slack, and flung it two stadia, far enough that the thud came late. Once a bear had a lamb in its mouth. Gad tore the lamb free, but the animal had been too terrified to live, so he killed it in the field rather than watch it shake itself to death.

Joseph was only thirty days with the flock. The heat made him sick, so he hurried back to Jacob and reported that the sons of the handmaids were slaughtering choice cattle and eating them without Judah or Reuben. He had seen one mercy and carried it as waste. Gad heard the charge and the house tightened, because a report that reaches a father first is a kind of crown.

That was how the pit found its tools. It did not need a single great crime. It needed a coat and a dream spoken twice. It needed a lamb that died after a rescue. They stripped him quickly. The future took longer.

Two Arks Moved Through the Dust

When the word finally came, Israel left with dough, flocks, children, fear, and a coffin. Moses would not march without it. For forty years Joseph's bones traveled in the camp, because he had once promised, "I will nourish you and take care of you," and Heaven answered in kind. As you lived, they will take care of your bones.

One box held the covenant. One held a dead man. They moved together through heat, hunger, complaint, cloud, and fire. Wayfarers who saw the two receptacles asked how the ark of the dead came next to the ark of the living God. The camp said the man in that box had kept what was written in the other.

The brother sold for silver became the burden Israel refused to set down. The coat had made his rank unbearable, so the coffin made their children carry him until the land opened, and the two boxes did not part until the wandering did.


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The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Legends of the Jews, I. Joseph, Joseph Hated By His BrethrenLegends of the Jews

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Project Gutenberg eBook #1494, The Legends of the Jews, Volume 2 · Public Domain

Legends of the Jews (Ginzberg) turns to Joseph Hated By His Brethren.

It all started with Joseph's "talebearing," as Ginzberg calls it in Legends of the Jews. Joseph wasn’t shy about pointing out his brothers' perceived wrongdoings to their father, Jacob. Now, according to the lore, these weren't always accurate accounts. Take the case of Gad, a particularly strong and brave brother. We hear that Gad once rescued a lamb from a bear, but had to slaughter it because it was too traumatized to live. Joseph, however, reported this as Gad and the other sons of the handmaids carelessly wasting their father's livestock. You can see how that would cause some friction!

Gad, by the way, was quite the powerhouse. The legends say that if a wild animal attacked his flock at night, he'd grab it by the leg, whirl it around until it was stunned, and then fling it an impressive two stadia (that's about a quarter of a mile!) away.

Beyond the tattle-telling, there was another layer to the brothers' resentment: Jacob's obvious favoritism. Joseph was, we're told, as beautiful as his mother Rachel, Jacob's beloved wife who had passed away. Looking at Joseph brought Jacob comfort. But that didn't make it any easier for the other brothers.

As a symbol of his love, Jacob gave Joseph a special coat, often translated as a "coat of many colors." The Hebrew word for this garment is Passim. Now, this is where things get really interesting. The legends find a hidden meaning in the word itself. Each letter, according to Ginzberg, hints at Joseph's future: Pe for Potiphar, his Egyptian master; Samek for Soharim, the merchants who bought Joseph; Yod for the Ishmaelites; and Mem for the Midianites who sold him to Potiphar. It's like the coat itself foreshadowed Joseph's entire journey!

But that's not all! Passim also means "clefts." According to the tradition, the brothers knew that the Red Sea would be cleft – split open – for Joseph’s sake one day, and they were jealous of the glory that would be conferred upon him.

And then there were the dreams. Oh, those dreams! Joseph couldn't help but share them with his brothers. In the first, their fruit rotted while his remained sound. He even dared to suggest that their descendants would worship idols, while his would bring forth the Messiah. Unsurprisingly, this didn't go down well. They sarcastically asked, "Shalt thou indeed reign over us? or shalt thou indeed have dominion over us?"

The Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary) sees a prophecy in their words. According to Midrash Rabbah, God put an interpretation into their mouths that would be verified in Joseph's posterity, through figures like Jeroboam, Jehu, Joshua, and Gideon.

The second dream was even more audacious: the sun, the moon, and eleven stars bowing down to him. Jacob, understanding the symbolism, knew the sun represented himself (a reference to a story where God called Jacob "the sun"!), the moon represented Rachel, and the stars represented his brothers. He even believed it meant he would live to see the resurrection of the dead! He wrote the dream down, "recording all the circumstances, the day, the hour, and the place," because, as Ginzberg writes, "the holy spirit cautioned him, 'Take heed, these things will surely come to pass.'"

However, when Joseph repeated the dream in front of his brothers, Jacob rebuked him, saying, "I and thy brethren, that has some sense, but I and thy mother, that is inconceivable, for thy mother is dead." According to legend, God wasn't too happy with Jacob's reaction, seeing it as a foreshadowing of future attempts to hinder prophets like Jeremiah. Jacob, though, was just trying to protect Joseph from his brothers' envy. He failed. They hated him all the more.

So, what are we to make of this story? It's a potent reminder of the destructive power of jealousy, the complexities of family dynamics, and the weight of dreams and destiny. It also shows us how even seemingly simple words, like Passim, can hold layers of meaning and prophecy. And perhaps, it's a little comforting to know that even in the families of our ancestors, things weren't always easy!

Full source
Legends of the Jews, I. Joseph, The Death And Burial Of JosephLegends of the Jews

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Project Gutenberg eBook #1494, The Legends of the Jews, Volume 2 · Public Domain

As Joseph lay on his deathbed, he made his brethren swear a solemn oath. He didn't just ask it of them, but instructed them to have their sons swear it too: when God would finally redeem them and bring them out of Egypt, they were to carry his bones to the Promised Land. "I, a ruler," Joseph said, "could have taken my father's body to the Holy Land while it was still whole. But all I ask is that you carry my bones. You can bury them anywhere in Palestine, because the family tomb is only for the three Patriarchs and their wives."

Joseph made this oath with his brethren, not his sons. According to Ginzberg's retelling in Legends of the Jews, he feared that the Egyptians wouldn't allow his sons to transport his bones, even remembering his favor with Pharaoh. They might argue that denying the wish of such a high-ranking official would be disrespectful.

He also adjured them not to leave Egypt until a redeemer appeared, announcing his message with the words "Pakod – I have surely visited you." This was a tradition passed down from Abraham, through Isaac, to Jacob, and finally to Joseph. Joseph even foretold that God would redeem Israel through Moses, like the Messiah, and that the redemption would begin in Tishri (fall), with freedom from slave labor, and be completed the following Nisan (spring) with their exodus.

It wasn't just about the physical journey. Joseph urged his brethren to live righteously, emphasizing chastity and moral uprightness. He shared his own trials – the hatred of his brothers, Potiphar's wife's false accusations, and the envy of the Egyptians – to show that those who fear God are never truly forsaken. "I was sold into slavery, but the Lord delivered me. I was thrown into prison, but His strong hand helped me," he declared.

Joseph also spoke of visions revealing Israel's future, and emphasized the importance of taking the bones of his mother, Zilpah, and burying them near Bilhah and Rachel. With those words, he passed away, mourned deeply by both Israel and Egypt, who remembered his compassion and wise counsel.

Joseph's wish to be buried in the Holy Land was ultimately fulfilled when the Israelites left Egypt. And who oversaw it? None other than Moses himself! This was seen as Joseph's reward for his devotion in burying his father, Jacob. As we find in Midrash Rabbah, because Joseph handled his father's burial himself, leaving nothing for others to do, a great man like Moses busied himself with Joseph's wish.

But finding Joseph's coffin wasn't easy. For three days and nights before the Exodus, Moses searched tirelessly. He knew Israel couldn't leave without fulfilling their oath. Finally, Serah, the daughter of Asher, guided him to the Nile. The Egyptians, fearing Israel's departure, had sunk Joseph's lead coffin, sealed by magicians, in the river.

What happened next is truly fascinating. Moses took Joseph’s cup and engraved four images: a lion, an eagle, a bull, and a human figure. He threw them into the river one by one, invoking Joseph's name, proclaiming the time of redemption, and urging him to appear. Only when the plate with the human figure was cast did the coffin finally rise to the surface. Moses, overjoyed, retrieved it.

During the forty years of wandering in the desert, Joseph's coffin was carried in the midst of Israel. The Talmud teaches that it was a reward for Joseph's promise to nourish his brethren. For forty years, they would care for his bones as he had cared for them.

Imagine this: Israel carried two arks, one containing the bones of the dead Joseph, and the other containing the covenant of the Living God. Passersby would ask, "How can the ark of the dead be next to the ark of the Ever-living?" The answer, as the Sages explained, was that Joseph fulfilled the commandments enshrined in the Ark of the Covenant. He lived a life that mirrored God's law.

Upon arriving in the Holy Land, the Israelites buried Joseph's bones in Shechem. God said to the tribes, "From Shechem you stole him, and unto Shechem shall you return him."

This story leaves us with a profound thought: If God is so concerned with the bodies of the righteous, how much more so with their souls? They stand before Him, like angels, ministering to His glory. The tale of Joseph's death and burial is not just a historical account; it’s evidence of the enduring power of righteousness, the importance of fulfilling promises, and the eternal connection between the living and the dead in Jewish tradition.

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Legends of the Jews 1:497Legends of the Jews

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Legends of the Jews by Louis Ginzberg (1909) · Public Domain

A tale of loyalty, promise, and righteous living.

before he passed, Joseph made his brothers promise to carry his bones with them when they finally left Egypt. A pretty big ask. But it speaks volumes about his connection to his homeland and his trust in his family. And they kept that promise. According to Legends of the Jews, during those forty years in the wilderness, Joseph's coffin was right there with them, in the midst of the Israelite camp. This wasn't just a sentimental gesture, though. It was, in a way, a reward for Joseph's own promise to his brethren: "I will nourish you and take care of you." God, it is said, declared, "As thou livest, for forty years they will take care of thy bones." A beautiful echo of commitment across generations.

The scene. The Israelites are trekking through the desert, and among all their belongings, they're carrying not one, but two important shrines. One was the aron (אַרון), the Ark of the Covenant, holding the luchot (לוחות), the tablets of the Ten Commandments, representing the living God. And right alongside it was the coffin of the dead Joseph.

It's said that travelers would see these two arks side-by-side and wonder, "How doth the ark of the dead come next to the ark of the Ever-living? The answer they received was powerful: "The dead man enshrined in the one fulfilled the commandments enshrined in the other." Joseph's life, his actions, were a living embodiment of the very principles enshrined in the Ten Commandments. Each commandment was reflected in his choices. As the story goes:

"In the latter it is written, I am the Lord thy God, and he said, Am I in the place of God? Here it is written, Thou shalt have no other gods before My face, and he said, I fear God." Joseph, despite his immense power in Egypt, never saw himself as a god, always acknowledging a higher power.

He showed reverence in so many ways. "Here it is written, Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain, and therefore he did not swear by God, but said, By the life of Pharaoh." Even in speech, he was careful. "Here it is written, Remember the Sabbath day, and he said to the overseer of his palace on Friday, Slay and make ready, meaning for the Sabbath." Even in a foreign land, he observed the Sabbath.

And what about honoring parents? "Here it is written, Honor thy father and thy mother, and he said, when his father desired to send him to his brethren, Here am I, although he knew it was perilous for him to go." He was willing to risk his own safety for his father's wishes.

He honored all of God's commandments: "Here it is written, Thou shalt not kill, and he refrained from murdering Potiphar when Potiphar's wife urged him to do it. Here it is written, Thou shalt not commit adultery, and he scorned the adulterous proposals of Potiphar's wife. Here it is written, Thou shalt not steal, and he stole nothing from Pharaoh, but gathered up all the money and brought it unto Pharaoh's house. Here it is written, Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbor, and he told his father nothing of what his brethren had done to him, though what he might have told was the truth. Here it is written, Thou shalt not covet, and he did not covet Potiphar's wife."

The story of Joseph's bones traveling alongside the Ark is more than just a quirky detail from the desert wanderings. It's evidence of the idea that a life lived according to the commandments is a life that continues to resonate, even after death. It begs the question: What ark will our lives be measured against?

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