(Genesis 43:27-28) "And he said, 'Is your aged father well?' etc." Rabbi Chiyya the Great saw a certain Babylonian. He said to him, "What has my father done?" He said to him, "Your mother asks after you." He said to him, "I ask you one thing and you tell me another?" He said to him, "One asks after the living and one does not ask after the dead." So too "Is your father well?", this is Jacob; "the aged one of whom you spoke", this is Isaac. "And they said, 'Your servant our father is well; he is still alive'" (Genesis 43:29-30). "And he said, 'God be gracious to you, my son.'" Because we heard of graciousness with the other tribes, but with Benjamin we did not hear, for he was not yet born; and where did we hear of graciousness concerning him? Here: "And he said, 'God be gracious to you, my son.'" Rabbi Shmuel bar Nachman said: As soon as Joseph saw him, immediately his mind was set at ease and he blessed him at that moment. He said to them, "Bring him near to me," and he kept questioning him until he reached the matter of his brother. He said to him, "My son, do you have a brother?" He said, "I had, but I do not know where he is." "Do you have a wife?" He said to him, "Yes, I have a wife and ten sons." He said to him, "And what are their names?" He said to him, (Genesis 46:21) "Bela and Becher and Ashbel." He said to him, "Why did you call them these names?" He said to him, "On account of my brother's troubles. 'Bela' (swallowed), because he was swallowed up among the nations and I do not know where he is. 'Becher', because he was a firstborn (bechor) to me and to my mother. 'Ashbel', because he was taken captive (nishbah) from his father and went off. 'Gera', because he dwells (gar) in inns and became a sojourner (ger) in another land. 'Naaman', because he was pleasant (na'im). 'Muppim and Chuppim', because his head was covered (chafuy) among the idolaters. 'And Ard', because he went down (yarad) from province to province." Another interpretation: "Bela", because he was swallowed up from me. "Achi va-Rosh" (my brother and head), because he was my brother and head. "Muppim", because he was very beautiful (yafeh). "Chuppim", because he did not see my wedding canopy (chuppah) and I did not see his wedding canopy. "And Ard", because he was like a rose (vered) of lilies. Another interpretation: "Muppim and Chuppim", from the day he was exiled from me I did not wash (chafafti) and I did not comb and I made myself like a mourner. At that moment Joseph's compassion was stirred, as it is said, "And Joseph hurried, for his compassion was stirred toward his brother," etc. (Genesis 43:33) "And they sat before him, the firstborn according to his birthright." He took the goblet and made himself as if he were divining. He said, "Judah, who is king, let him sit at the head; Reuben, who is firstborn, let him sit beside him. Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun, sons of one mother, where are they?" He brought them and seated them one beside the other. "Gad and Asher, sons of one mother, where are they?" He brought them and seated them one beside the other. "Dan and Naphtali, sons of one mother, where are they?" He brought them and seated them one beside the other. "I have no mother, and this one too has no mother, but in her bearing him she died; therefore let his head come to my head." Therefore "and the men marveled." (Genesis 43:34) "And he took portions, etc., five portions." Joseph gave him his own portion and the portion of Asenath and the portion of Manasseh and the portion of Ephraim and a portion with his brothers. This is what is written, "and Benjamin's portion was greater, etc." "And they drank and became drunk with him." With him they drank, but apart from him they did not drink; for from the time Joseph was separated from his brothers they did not drink wine, but all of them abstained from the wine; and even Joseph did not drink wine until that day, as it is said, "and on the crown of the head of him who was set apart (nazir) from his brothers." Rabbi Yose bar Chanina said: They too did not drink, as it is said, "and they drank and became drunk with him", and the other [reading]: it was "with him" that they were not drinking, but drinking in some measure there was. (Genesis 44:3) "And the men were sent off." Rav Yehudah said in the name of Rav: A man should always enter "with good" and go out "with good." There was an incident in a certain place in the south, where there was a certain innkeeper who would rise and put on his garments at night, and he would say to whoever was there, "Go out, I will provide an escort for you," and they would go out, and brigands would come upon them and rob them, and they would divide with him. One time Rabbi Meir was received there, and he rose and put on his garments and said to him, "Rise, I will provide an escort for you." He said to him, "I have a brother, and I sit and wait for him." He said to him, "Where is he?" He said to him, "In the synagogue." He said to him, "And what is his name, and I will go and call him?" He said to him, "Ki Tov." All that night the innkeeper went and cried out at the entrance of the synagogue, "Ki Tov! Ki Tov!" and there was no man who answered him. In the morning Rabbi Meir rose and untied his donkey to go. The innkeeper said to him, "Where is your brother of whom you spoke to me?" He said to him, "Here he comes," as it is written (Genesis 1:4), "And God saw the light, that it was good (ki tov)." (Genesis 44:4-6) "They had gone out of the city, they had not gone far." As you say (Joshua 3:4), "Let there be a distance between you and it of about two thousand cubits." He said, "If they get far from the city even one mil, no creature can bring them back." "Arise, pursue after the men", while the dread of the metropolis is upon them. "And you shall overtake them" (ve-hissagtam) is written with a sin: shake them up (shaggesh) with words, one soft and one harsh. "Why have you repaid evil for good?", this is harsh. "Is this not that from which my lord drinks?", lo, this is soft. And so he did: "and he overtook them and spoke to them", he shook them up with words. (Genesis 44:8) "Behold, the money." Rabbi Shimon said: This is one of ten a fortiori arguments in the Torah. "Behold, the money which we found", a fortiori, "how then should we steal?" (Exodus 6:12) "Behold, the children of Israel have not listened to me", a fortiori, "and how shall Pharaoh listen to me?" "Behold, while I am yet alive with you this day, you have been rebellious against the LORD", "and how much more after my death." (Numbers 12:14) "And the LORD said to Moses, 'If her father had but spat in her face, would she not be shamed seven days?'", a fortiori concerning the Shekhinah. "For you have run with footmen and they have wearied you", a fortiori, "and how will you contend with horses?" (ibid.) "And in a land of peace you are secure", "and how will you do in the thickets of the Jordan?" (1 Samuel 23:3) "Behold, we are afraid here in Judah", a fortiori, "how much more then if we go to Keilah." "Behold, the righteous shall be requited on the earth", a fortiori, "how much more the wicked and the sinner." (Esther 9:12) "In Shushan the capital the Jews have killed and destroyed", a fortiori, "in the rest of the king's provinces." (Genesis 44:10) "And he said, 'Now also let it be according to your words.'" "Ten people who are found in a theft, are they all in the boat? I will not do so; rather, the one with whom it is found shall be my servant." (Genesis 44:12) "And he searched; with the eldest he began and with the youngest he ended." So that they should not say, "He knew where it was placed." "And the goblet was found in Benjamin's sack." As soon as it was found, they said to him, "O thief, son of a thief-woman!" He said to them, "Is there a goat here? Is there a case here of brothers selling their brother?" (Genesis 44:13) "And they rent their garments." Manasseh caused the tribes to rend, etc. (as above). "And each man loaded his donkey." Each one took his load with one hand and loaded it on his donkey, "and they returned to the city." It was a metropolis, and you say "to the city"? This teaches that it was esteemed in their eyes only as a city of ten people. (Genesis 44:14) "And Judah and his brothers came to Joseph's house, and he was still there." He was accustomed to go out every day to the tribunal to judge, but on that day he did not go, so as not to shame his brothers before the Egyptians. "And they fell before him to the ground", to fulfill the dream, (Genesis 37:9) "and eleven stars bowing down to me." (Genesis 44:16) "And Judah said, 'What shall we say to my lord'", concerning the first money; "'what shall we speak'", concerning the second money; "'and how shall we justify ourselves'", concerning the goblet. Another interpretation: "What shall we say", concerning the deed of Tamar; "what shall we speak", concerning Bilhah; "and how shall we justify ourselves", concerning [Benjamin]. "What shall we say", that we have sinned? It is revealed and known that we have not sinned. "God has found out the iniquity of your servants", the holder of the bond has found means to collect his debt. Rabbi Levi said: like one who drains the cask and stands it on its dregs. "How shall we justify ourselves, behold, we are servants to my lord" (it is written in remez 80). (Genesis 44:17-18) "And he said, 'Far be it from me.'" He shook out his purple robe and said, "Far be it from me to do this." Joseph said to them, "God forbid that I should suspect you; rather, this lad is suspected of having stolen it in order to divine for his brother, where did he go?" "The man in whose hand the goblet was found, he shall be my servant." At that moment all the tribes turned their faces away from him. And who stood against him? The guarantor, as it is said, "And Judah drew near to him." He said, "The peace of all drips down," and the Holy Spirit responds (Psalms 119:165), "Great peace have those who love Your Torah," etc.