5 min read

Moses Learned Mercy in Midian's Wilderness

A sacred staff, seven years in a pit, and forty years with sheep turned Moses from fugitive prince into the shepherd who could face the bush.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Rod Took Root
  2. Zipporah Kept the Fugitive Alive
  3. The Oath Made Him a Shepherd
  4. Mercy Was Tested in Small Bodies
  5. Forty Days Without Pasture
  6. The Flame Trained His Heart

The staff was waiting in a garden before the bush ever burned.

Moses had run from Egypt with blood behind him and no throne left under his feet. In Midian, among the daughters of Jethro, he found a house that did not yet know whether he was a guest, a danger, or the redeemer hidden in plain sight.

The Rod Took Root

One of the daughters was Zipporah. She told him the rule of her father's house. In the garden stood a tree, or what looked like a tree, and every man who wanted one of Jethro's daughters had to touch it. The men who reached for it were devoured.

Moses asked where such a thing had come from.

It was no tree. It was the rod created in the twilight before the first Sabbath, passed from Adam through the holy line until it reached Joseph in Egypt. After Joseph's death it came into Pharaoh's palace, and Jethro, once close enough to royal secrets to see it, carried it away. The Ineffable Name was engraved on it, along with signs of the plagues that would one day break Egypt open. When Jethro planted it in his garden, it rooted and blossomed.

Moses walked into the garden, read the letters, stretched out his hand, and drew the rod free.

Zipporah Kept the Fugitive Alive

Jethro understood too quickly. A stranger who could pull that rod from the earth was not merely strong. He was dangerous to Egypt, dangerous to every arrangement that had kept the world as it was. Fear moved faster than welcome. Jethro seized Moses and threw him into a pit.

Zipporah did not let the pit become a grave.

For seven years she kept him alive with food and water, hiding mercy inside the daily running of the household. Her sisters tended the flocks. She stayed near the house. Under her father's roof, under his authority, she made a narrow channel through which life could pass down into darkness.

After seven years, Jethro called into the pit. Moses answered. The man who should have been bones still had a voice. Jethro drew him out, kissed him, blessed the God who kills and revives, and gave him Zipporah.

The Oath Made Him a Shepherd

Marriage did not send Moses back to the road. Jethro made him swear that he would not do what Jacob had done in Laban's house, taking wives and children away without the father's consent. Moses swore, and the oath fastened him to Midian.

So the fugitive prince became a shepherd.

For forty years he kept Jethro's flock. Wild beasts did not consume them. The flock multiplied. Moses chose open meadows so the sheep would not graze on another man's field. He learned that care was not only tenderness. Care was boundary, attention, restraint, and the refusal to let one's own hunger trespass on another person's ground.

Mercy Was Tested in Small Bodies

He did not drive the flock as one mass. The lambs went first to the tender grass. The older sheep followed to the herbs fit for them. The strong ones came last to the harder grass the others could not eat. Moses watched mouths, legs, age, weakness, appetite. A flock was not a crowd to him. It was many needs moving under one name.

Then one kid ran away.

Moses followed until he found it at the watercourses, thirsty and exhausted. He did not strike it for leaving. He did not drag it by the neck. "Poor little one," he said, "all that running was thirst." Then he lifted it onto his shoulders and carried it back.

God saw the fugitive carrying a kid through the wilderness and chose the shepherd for a harder flock. A man who could bend down for one thirsty animal could stand before a nation that would hunger, panic, complain, and still need to be carried.

Forty Days Without Pasture

Once Moses drove the sheep behind the wilderness for forty days and forty nights. They found no pasture. They tasted nothing. Still, not one was lost.

The empty stretch was already speaking in signs. Forty hungry days pointed toward forty years in which Israel would live in the wilderness without eating from sown earth. The shepherd who counted Jethro's sheep would one day count tribes, camps, graves, complaints, miracles, and mornings of bread from heaven. The same sand that trained him would hold a generation, and it would hold him too.

He kept walking until the flock reached Horeb.

The Flame Trained His Heart

At the mountain, a bush burned and was not consumed. The flame came first as training. One day Moses would stand at Sinai before fires and torches, before a whole people shaking under the voice of God. His heart had to learn fire before it could lead others through fire.

He had entered Midian as a man who knew palaces, violence, flight, and fear. The wilderness gave him slower knowledge. A staff in the hand. A wife who had kept him alive. An oath that held him in place. Sheep that needed different grasses. A thirsty kid against his shoulder. Forty days without pasture.

Then the bush called him by name, and the shepherd turned aside.


← All myths

From the tradition

Sources

5 sources

The texts this telling draws on, in full. Open a card to read inline, or expand it for a wider, quieter read.

Legends of the Jews, IV. Moses In Egypt, The Faithful ShepherdLegends of the Jews

The Jewish tradition offers a fascinating answer, one beautifully illustrated in the story of Moses, the great lawgiver.

Before he led the Israelites out of Egypt, before the burning bush, before the Ten Commandments, Moses was a shepherd. But not just any shepherd. His time tending flocks in the wilderness was a crucial training ground, a proving ground, for the monumental task that lay ahead.

In Legends of the Jews, a masterful compilation of rabbinic stories by Louis Ginzberg, when Jethro gave his daughter Zipporah to Moses in marriage, he made Moses swear an oath. Jethro, wary of history repeating itself with his own daughters as it had with Laban, wanted assurance Moses wouldn't just up and leave with Zipporah without permission. So Moses swore he would stay. And so he became Jethro's shepherd.

Why a shepherd? What's so special about that job?

Well, the tradition teaches us that God doesn't hand out important positions to just anyone. As Ginzberg tells us, God tests a person in small things before entrusting them with big things. Moses, like David before him, had to prove his worth by caring for sheep.

And how did Moses care for those sheep? He didn't just drive them out to pasture and let them fend for themselves. He was attentive, thoughtful. He led the lambs to the tender grass first, then the older sheep to the herbs, and finally the strong ones to the tough grass that was left. He understood that each animal had different needs. As it says, "He that understandeth how to pasture sheep, providing for each what is good for it, he shall pasture My people."

There's a beautiful story that really highlights Moses's compassion. Once, a little lamb ran away. Moses followed it, and when he finally caught up, he saw the lamb was exhausted and thirsty, stopping at every stream. Moses, filled with empathy, said, "Poor kid, I knew not that thou wast thirsty, and wast running after water! Thou art weary, I ween." He then carried the lamb back to the flock on his shoulders.

It was this act of kindness, this genuine care for a single creature, that caught God's attention. God said, "Thou hast compassion with a flock belonging to a man of flesh and blood! As thou livest, thou shalt pasture Israel, My flock."

Beyond just caring for the sheep's well-being, Moses was also careful to ensure they didn't cause harm to others. He made sure they grazed in open meadows, preventing them from wandering onto private property. He was mindful of the bigger picture, the impact his actions had on the community around him.

In fact, Jethro was so pleased with Moses's service that during the forty years Moses worked as his shepherd, not a single sheep was lost to wild animals, and the flock grew incredibly.

But there's another layer to this story. Moses felt drawn to the desert. The text says his "prophetic spirit" foresaw his own greatness and the greatness of Israel would manifest there. The desert, a place of hardship and testing, but also a place where God's wonders would appear. It would be the place where the Jewish people would eventually be freed from slavery, as well as Moses's final resting place. This is all according to Ginzberg's Legends of the Jews.

It was while wandering in the desert that Moses eventually reached Mount Horeb, also known by other names that reveal its significance. It's called the "mountain of God," where the law was revealed; "Basban," because God "came there"; "mountain of humps," because God rejected other mountains; "mountain of abode," because it's God's desired dwelling place; "Sinai," because God's "hatred" against the heathen began there; and "Horeb," meaning "sword," because the law was a sword against sinners. Each name, a facet of its holy nature.

So, what does this all mean for us? The story of Moses, the faithful shepherd, teaches us that leadership isn't about power or position. It's about compassion, responsibility, and a willingness to care for those under your charge, big or small. It's about understanding that even the smallest acts of kindness can have profound consequences. And, perhaps most importantly, it's about recognizing that true leadership begins with service.

Full source
Midrash Aggadah, Exodus 3:1Midrash Aggadah

"Now Moses was tending [the flock]." And why was the section "And it came to pass in those many days" (Exodus 2:23) placed adjacent to this section? Because the Holy One, blessed be He, knows that Moses is righteous and gives his life for his children, and that if Moses fled to Midian, he would be their redeemer; therefore it is written, "Now Moses was tending," and so forth.

"And he led the flock [behind the wilderness, and he came to the mountain of God, to Horeb]." For forty days and forty nights the flock of Jethro went and tasted nothing, just as Elijah went, as it is said, "And he went in the strength of [that] eating [forty days and forty nights, unto Horeb the mountain of God]" (1 Kings 19:8).

Another interpretation: "behind the wilderness." And why was he pursuing after the wilderness? Because he foresaw by the Holy Spirit that he would lay waste the cities of the nations, as it is said, "Behold, the end of the nations is a wilderness, a parched land" (Jeremiah 3, near 12).

"And he led the flock [behind the wilderness]." He announced to him that his flock would perish in the wilderness, and afterward he would be gathered to his people; and therefore the flock of Moses went forty days and forty nights and tasted nothing, corresponding to the forty years that he would lead Israel in the wilderness, when they tasted nothing from the sowing of the ground, and they were forty years, a day for a year, and they all died in the wilderness, and he too was gathered with them.

"And he came to the mountain of God, to Horeb." And once he reached Horeb, immediately "the angel of the Lord appeared to him in a flame of fire", in order to embolden him, so that he would come to Sinai and see the fires and the torches and not be afraid of them.

Another interpretation: "in a flame of fire" (be-labbat esh). Do not read "be-labbat esh" but rather "be-libbat esh" (in the heart of fire), to teach you that He revealed Himself above two parts of Sinai.

Full source
Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 40:4Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer

Take the story of Moses and the staff. It all starts with a garden, a simple rod, and a curious shepherd-to-be.

In Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer, a fascinating early medieval text filled with stories and legends, Moses arrives at the house of Jethro – also known as Reuel in some traditions. Now, Jethro wasn't just any ordinary Midianite priest; he was a man of wisdom and insight.

Moses wanders into Jethro’s garden and there, amidst the flowers and trees, he sees it: a staff. But this wasn’t just any stick. This rod, was inscribed with sacred letters. What secrets did those letters hold? What power did they represent?

Drawn by an unseen force, Moses reaches out and takes the staff. Now, Jethro, being the observant man that he was, watches all of this unfold. And in that moment, he has a profound realization. He understands that this man, Moses, is destined for greatness. He sees in him the future redeemer of Israel from Egypt.

What does he do? He gives Moses his daughter, Zipporah, in marriage. As it says in (Exodus 2:21), "And Moses was content to dwell with the man; and he gave Moses Zipporah, his daughter." It’s a beautiful moment of recognition and trust.

But the story doesn't end there. For forty long years, Moses tends to Jethro's sheep. Forty years! Can you imagine? Yet, something remarkable happens. The sheep aren't devoured by wild beasts. Instead, they flourish. They multiply. The text references (Ezekiel 36:38), describing them "as the flock of holy things." It’s a evidence of Moses's care, perhaps foreshadowing his future role as shepherd of his people.

So what does this all mean? Is it just a nice story about a man and a staff? I don't think so. It's about recognizing destiny, about seeing potential in others, and about the unexpected ways in which our lives can be shaped by seemingly insignificant moments. A simple walk in a garden, a curious glance at a rod – and everything changes. It makes you wonder what pivotal moments are happening around us right now, unseen, waiting to bloom.

Full source
Legends of the Jews, IV. Moses In Egypt, Moses Marries ZipporahLegends of the Jews

Moses encountered seven maidens at a well. One of them, Zipporah, caught his eye with her modesty. He proposed marriage, but Zipporah wasn't immediately swept off her feet. She told him about her father's unusual "screening process" for potential suitors.

Her father, Jethro (also known as Reuel), had a magical tree in his garden. Any man who dared to touch it, hoping to marry one of his daughters, would be instantly devoured!

"Whence has he the tree?" Moses asked.

Zipporah explains that this wasn't just any tree; it was actually a rod! The rod. The one created by God on the eve of the first Sabbath, given to Adam, passed down through generations to Noah, Shem, Abraham, Isaac, and finally to Jacob, who brought it to Egypt. When Joseph died, it ended up in Pharaoh’s palace before Jethro, a sacred scribe, stole it. This rod, Zipporah reveals, had the Ineffable Name of God engraved on it, along with prophecies of the ten plagues to come. (Wow, ) When Jethro planted the rod in his garden, it took root and blossomed. That’s when he decided to use it to test his daughters’ suitors.

Zipporah and her sisters returned home, with Moses following close behind. Jethro was surprised to see his daughters back so early – usually the shepherds gave them a hard time. Hearing about the "wonderworking Egyptian," Jethro wondered if Moses might be a descendant of Abraham, bringing blessing to the world. He scolded his daughters for not inviting him in, hoping he would marry one of them.

Moses, standing outside, let them call him an Egyptian without correcting them. According to the legend, God later punished him for this, causing him to die outside the Promised Land. Joseph, who publicly declared himself a Hebrew, was buried in the land of the Hebrews, while Moses, who didn't object to being seen as an Egyptian, was denied that final homecoming.

Zipporah brought Moses inside, and he immediately asked for her hand in marriage. Jethro proposed a challenge: "If thou canst bring me the rod in my garden, I will give her to thee."

Moses, of course, succeeded. He uprooted the rod – the same sapphire rod given to Adam when he was cast out of Paradise – and brought it to Jethro. Upon seeing this, Jethro feared Moses was the prophet who would destroy Egypt, as foretold by his wise men.

In a panic, Jethro threw Moses into a pit, hoping he would die. Talk about a father-in-law from hell! But Zipporah, resourceful and loyal, devised a plan to save him. She convinced her father to let her take care of the household while her sisters tended the flocks. This allowed her to secretly provide food and water to Moses in the pit for seven long years.

After seven years, Zipporah confronted her father. She reminded him of the man who retrieved the rod and suggested he check on him. If he was dead, they could dispose of the body. But if he was alive, it would prove his righteousness.

Jethro, finally relenting, opened the pit and called out, "Moses! Moses!"

"Here am I!" Moses replied.

Jethro pulled him out, kissed him, and declared, "Blessed be God, who guarded thee for seven years in the pit. I acknowledge that He slayeth and reviveth, that thou art one of the wholly pious, that through thee God will destroy Egypt in time to come, lead His people out of the land, and drown Pharaoh and his whole army in the sea."

Jethro then gave Moses money and his daughter Zipporah in marriage, with one condition: that the children born in Jethro's house would be divided, one group considered Israelite, the other Egyptian.

When Zipporah gave birth to a son, Moses circumcised him and named him Gershom, meaning "a stranger there," to commemorate God's help in a foreign land. After two years, Zipporah bore a second son. Moses, remembering his agreement with Jethro, decided to return to Egypt so he could raise his second son as an Israelite.

But the journey wasn't easy. Satan appeared as a serpent and swallowed Moses! Zipporah, recognizing the danger, quickly circumcised her second son. As she sprinkled the blood of the circumcision on Moses' feet, a heavenly voice commanded the serpent to "Spew him out!" And Moses was saved.

Twice Zipporah saved Moses' life – once from the pit and once from the serpent. What an amazing woman.

Upon arriving in Egypt, Moses was met with skepticism and fear. Dathan and Abiram, leaders of the Israelites, questioned his intentions, reminding him of the Egyptian he had slain. This sent Moses back to Midian for two more years until God revealed Himself at Horeb, commanding him to lead His people out of Egypt.

So, what can we take away from this incredible story? Perhaps it's a reminder that even the greatest leaders need strong partners. Zipporah wasn't just a wife; she was a protector, a strategist, and a woman of deep faith. And maybe it also shows us that even the most unusual beginnings can lead to extraordinary destinies.

Full source
Legends of the Jews 4:155Legends of the Jews

He wasn't born a leader, that's for sure.

For forty long years, he was a shepherd for his father-in-law, Jethro. And let me tell you, he was a good one! Jethro had no complaints. According to the Legends of the Jews, not a single sheep was lost to wild beasts under Moses' watch. And the flocks? They multiplied like crazy!

It first appears shepherding is a simple life, out in nature, peaceful. But imagine this: Moses once drove those sheep for forty days straight, searching for pasture in the barren desert. Forty days! And get this – not a single sheep was lost!

Why the desert? What was it about that desolate landscape that drew Moses in?

Well, some say he had a prophetic sense. A deep knowing that his own destiny, and the destiny of Israel, was intertwined with the desert. As Ginzberg's retelling in Legends of the Jews tells us, Moses foresaw that the desert would be where God's wonders would manifest.: the burning bush, the manna from heaven, the giving of the Torah (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible) at Mount Sinai. All in the desert.

But there's a darker side to this connection. The desert, as we find in Midrash Rabbah, would also become the "grave of the human herd" – the very people Moses would lead out of Egypt. And, tragically, it would also be his own final resting place.

So, from the very beginning, Moses had this presentiment, this feeling that the desert would be the stage for his life's work. It was true then, and some believe it will be true again in the "latter days."

The tradition says that Moses will return to the desert, to lead a resurrected generation into the promised land, just like he led their ancestors out of Egyptian bondage. That's a powerful image, isn’t it? This idea that the past is always connected to the future, that the desert holds both death and rebirth.

So, the next time you think of Moses, remember the shepherd in the wilderness. Remember his connection to the desert, a place of both immense hardship and incredible revelation. It’s a reminder that even in the most desolate places, there is always the potential for something extraordinary to emerge.

Full source