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Moses Sang Az with the Tongue That Complained

Pharaoh cut off the straw and kept the quota. The beaten foremen cursed Moses in the road, and Moses turned around and said all of it back to God.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Straw Ran Out
  2. The Foremen Met Him at the Door
  3. What He Said to God That Night
  4. The Water Stood
  5. The Word He Chose to Open With
Moses Sang Az with the Tongue That Complained Click for full size

The Straw Ran Out

Moses and Aaron got their audience and used it badly.

"Let my people go," they told Pharaoh, "so they can hold a feast for me in the wilderness."

Pharaoh looked at them. "Who is the Lord, that I should listen to his voice and let Israel go? I do not know the Lord, and I will not let Israel go."

He gave the order the same day. Stop supplying straw for the bricks. Let them go scavenge it themselves. And do not reduce the count by a single brick, because they are idle, and idle men start asking for festivals.

So the people scattered all over Egypt pulling up stubble out of the fields, and the quota stayed where it was, and the Israelite foremen who had to report the shortfall were beaten for it.

The Foremen Met Him at the Door

The foremen went to Pharaoh themselves, still bleeding, and asked why he was doing this to his servants.

"You are idle," he said. "Idle. That is why you keep saying, let us go sacrifice to the Lord. Go work. No straw will be given you, and the full count of bricks you will deliver."

They came out and saw Moses and Aaron standing in the road waiting for news.

"May the Lord look at you and judge," the foremen said, "because you have made us stink in front of Pharaoh and in front of his servants, and put a sword in their hand to kill us."

Then they walked past him back to the brickyards.

What He Said to God That Night

Moses turned around and threw the whole thing at heaven.

"Lord, why have you done evil to this people? Why did you ever send me? From then, from the hour I came to Pharaoh to speak in your name, he has done evil to this people, and you have not delivered your people at all."

The complaint had a small word at the front of it. Az. From then. It was the word a man reaches for when he is dating his own disaster.

God did not defend himself. He answered with what he was about to do, and the argument went into the ground for a while, under a year of blood and frogs and darkness, under the night the firstborn died and Egypt shoved a whole nation out its door before dawn.

The Water Stood

They came to the edge of the sea with six hundred chariots closing behind them and no road anywhere.

An east wind ran all night and drove the water back and the seabed came up dry. Israel walked in between two standing walls of it. Not everyone who walked through was clean. Someone carried an idol into the corridor of the sea, wrapped and hidden and moving along with the redeemed, and the water stood for that man too.

Toward morning the wheels of the chariots started coming off in the wet sand. The walls fell back into themselves and the Egyptian army went under, and Israel came up on the far shore in the early light and saw bodies on the beach.

Then everybody stopped and looked at Moses.

The Word He Chose to Open With

He stood at the waterline with wet ankles and a whole nation waiting, and he opened his mouth on a single small syllable.

Az.

Then. The same word. He could have started anywhere. He reached for the one that had carried his accusation and made it carry the song instead.

"With the tongue I ruined it with," he said, "with that same tongue I set it right and praise you."

Then he sang, and the people sang the lines back after him, and the one they came to was that the Lord is a man of war. Not a man of war in the abstract. A man who had just fought their fight for them, on their side of the water, while they stood there holding their children and doing nothing at all.

Miriam picked up a drum. The women came out behind her with drums and dancing and she sang the first line back at them across the sand.

Nobody standing there knew where Moses had gotten his first word. He had complained his way to it years earlier in the dark, alone, after a beating that was not even his.


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From the tradition

Sources

4 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 241:3Yalkut Shimoni on Torah

Translation of the source text.Torat Emet (Yalkut Shimoni) · CC-BY-NC

Another interpretation: Why did Moses say [the Song] with the word "then" (az)? With "then" (me-az) I made my complaint before the Holy One, blessed be He, as it is said, "and from then (u-me-az) that I came to Pharaoh to speak in Your name, he has dealt ill with this people" (Exodus 5:23). With the very tongue with which I sinned, with that same tongue I will set things right and praise You.

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Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Exodus 15:3Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Exodus

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · Public Domain

The Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on (Exodus 15:3) softens a hard Hebrew line. The Torah reads "Adonai ish milchamah", the Lord is a man of war. The phrase is startling. Is God really a "man"? The Targum handles it with precision: "The Lord is a man making war for us." Not God the warrior, but God who wages war on our behalf.

The Aramaic shift preserves the anthropomorphic energy of the Hebrew while directing it outward. God is not fighting to prove Himself. He is not fighting for Himself. He is fighting for us. The battle at the sea was Israel's battle, and God took it up as His own.

Then comes the theological heart of the verse: "From generation to generation He maketh known His power unto the people of the house of Israel." The Targum universalizes the moment. What happened at the sea was not a one-time display. Every generation of Israel will see God's power again, in its own way. The Exodus is a pattern, not an event.

"The Lord is His Name; according to His Name, so is His power." The Targum is playing on a deep Hebrew idea: a name and a power are the same thing. When Israel knows God's Name, Israel has access to God's power. When the name is profaned, the power seems absent. When the name is sanctified, the power returns.

"His Name shall be blessed for ever and ever." The Song of the Sea, in the Targum's hearing, is not only a victory song. It is a liturgical commitment. Israel, having seen the Name in action, vows to bless it without end.

Takeaway: the Targum teaches that God's power and God's Name are one, and that every generation is invited to see the war that is being fought on its behalf.

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Yalkut Shimoni on Nach 74:1Yalkut Shimoni on Nach

Translation of the source text.Yalkut Shimoni on Nach (Sefaria) · CC-BY-NC

"And they took what Micah had made" (Judges 18:27). This is what Scripture says: "To You, O Lord, belongs righteousness, and to us shame of face" (Daniel 9:7). Rabbi Yehudah bar Ilai said: Idolatry crossed the sea together with Israel, and the sea split before them - this is what is meant by "To You, O Lord, belongs righteousness." Rabbi Yudan said: It is written, "And the house of Joseph, they too went up to Bethel, and the LORD was with them" (Judges 1:22) - this is "To You, O Lord, belongs righteousness." Rabbi Simon said: "They took what Micah had made" - an image - "and the priest who was his" - a pagan priest - "and they came to Laish" (Judges 18:27): they practiced idolatry and it prospered in their hands - this is "To You, O Lord, belongs righteousness." Rabbi Shmuel bar Nachmani said: You find that on the day the manna came down for Israel, on that very day they practiced idolatry; and not only that, but they took from it and offered it to idolatry, as it is said, "And My bread which I gave you" (Ezekiel 16:19), and so on. "And it came to pass" - what is "and it came to pass"? Rabbi Yudan said it is like "And it came to pass on the next day" (Exodus 18:13). And even so, You did not withhold the manna from their mouths - this is "To You, O Lord, belongs righteousness."

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Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 210:3Yalkut Shimoni on Torah

Translation of the source text.Torat Emet (Yalkut Shimoni) · CC-BY-NC

Rabbi Eliezer says: In Nisan they were redeemed, and in Tishrei they are destined to be redeemed, as it is written, "Blow the horn at the new moon" (Psalms 81:4), and it is written, "And it shall come to pass on that day that a great horn shall be blown" (Isaiah 27:13). Rabbi Yehoshua says: In Nisan they were redeemed and in Nisan they are destined to be redeemed; what is the reason? "It is a night of watching unto the LORD," a night that has been guarded and ready since the six days of creation. And the other [understands]: a night guarded and protected from the harmful spirits. We learned there [in the Mishnah]: They must not give him fewer than four cups [of wine]. But how could the rabbis stand and institute a matter through which one might come to danger? For it has been taught: One should not eat in pairs nor drink in pairs. Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak said: Scripture says, "It is a night of watching unto the LORD" [a night guarded and protected from the harmful spirits].

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