Parshat Beshalach6 min read

The Serpents of Shur and the Kings Who Could Not Cross

A king lost three caravans to the serpents of Shur and a woodcutter lost his hair to one glance, yet slaves and infants crossed the same waste untouched.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Birds That Burned in Midair
  2. The King Who Lost Three Caravans
  3. The Man Who Went Up for Firewood
  4. What the Sea Had Already Decided

The water still hung in walls on either side when Israel walked out of the Reed Sea and onto dry sand, and the sand kept going. It went for eight hundred parasangs in every direction, a waste so wide a man could walk it for months and never reach a well. They called it the Wilderness of Shur, and the ground there was alive in the worst way. Scorpions the length of a hand crouched in the shade of every rock. Serpents lay coiled like the great wooden beams of an olive press, thick as a man's waist, long enough to swallow a caravan whole. And above them moved the things that flew.

The Birds That Burned in Midair

The flying serpent did not need to bite. A bird crossing the sky above it would catch fire in midflight, feathers gone to ash before the body finished falling, because the heat that came off the creature scorched everything it passed beneath. The prophets remembered this place by its monsters. They spoke of the viper and the flying serpent together, the land of trouble and anguish, and they were not exaggerating. A single one of these serpents could throw itself against a cedar and split the trunk down its length. Into that land walked a nation of former slaves with their children and their flocks, and nothing touched them.

That was the thing no one could explain. The serpents were there. The scorpions were there. The flying death was overhead. Israel passed through and kept passing, and the coils that could crush a wagon stayed where they lay.

The King Who Lost Three Caravans

Long after, a king named Shabur tried to cross that same ground with his court and his caravans, and he learned what the wilderness was without protection over him. His first caravan went ahead. A serpent rose from the sand and swallowed it, men and beasts and goods, and was gone. He sent a second. The serpent swallowed that one too. He sent a third, and the third vanished into the same throat, and the king sat down in the sand and could not move for grief.

His scholars stood around him while he sat there useless. "Why are you sitting idle?" they asked him. "Bring us ten strong men." He brought them. The scholars ordered great sacks, the kind merchants pack, and had the men fill every one of them with straw until they bulged. Then they rolled the sacks across the sand toward the place where the serpent waited.

The serpent did what it knew to do. It swallowed. It took the first stuffed sack and the second and the next, gulping straw it mistook for caravans, and the straw went down and stayed down and filled it past bursting. Its belly stretched and split. It lay there heaving, unable to coil, unable to strike, unable to so much as drag itself across the sand, and the ten strong men walked up to the helpless length of it and killed it. Shabur watched the thing that had eaten three of his caravans die because it could not stop eating, and he understood at last what kind of ground he had wandered onto. Israel had crossed it without a single sack of straw, without ten strong men, without a plan.

The Man Who Went Up for Firewood

In the Land of Israel there lived a man who went up the mountain one ordinary morning to gather wood. He was no king and had no scholars and no escort. He climbed among the rocks looking for fallen branches, and then he saw it. A serpent lay sleeping in the sun, one of the great ones, close enough that he could see the slow swell of its breathing.

It did not see him. That was the only mercy in the moment. The serpent slept on, and the man stood frozen above it, knowing that if it opened its eyes he was already swallowed. He did not run. He could not run. He stood there in a terror so total that something gave way inside his body, and the hair began to fall from his head. It fell out where he stood, every strand of it, and it never grew back. Not that year, not the next, not on the day he died an old man. People who met him afterward did not know his name, so they made one from what the serpent had done to him without ever waking. They called him Merutah, the Plucked Bare One, the man the wilderness had skinned of his hair with nothing but the sight of a sleeping snake.

What the Sea Had Already Decided

Set the two beside each other and the silence speaks. A king with an army and a wise court loses three caravans and barely survives by trickery. A woodcutter loses his hair forever from one glimpse of a snake that never even noticed him. These were the strongest men the land could field against the serpents of Shur, and the serpents broke them.

And Israel had walked the whole eight hundred parasangs of it, slaves and infants and old women and sheep, straight out of the parted sea and into the worst country in creation, and the beams of the olive press lay still and the things overhead did not descend. No straw. No ten strong men. No plan. The serpents that swallowed Shabur's caravans and stripped Merutah bare simply did not move while Israel went by, and no one in that crowd of refugees ever knew how close they had walked to being eaten.


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From the tradition

Sources

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Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Beshalach 17:1Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Beshalach

Another interpretation of (Exodus 15:22): "Then Moses had Israel journey from the Reed Sea, and they went out into the Wilderness of Shur." Our Rabbis said: The Wilderness of Shur was eight hundred parasangs by eight hundred parasangs, and it was full of serpents and scorpions and wild beasts. Rabbi Yose said: There were serpents there like the beams of an olive-press, and scorpions the size of a span. And thus it says (Deuteronomy 8:15): "Who led you through the great and terrible wilderness, with fiery serpents and scorpions, etc."

There is a story concerning King Shabur, who was passing through there. The first caravan passed by, and the serpent swallowed it. A second passed by, and it swallowed it. A third, and it swallowed it. And the king sat distressed. The scholars were there with him. They said to him: Why are you standing idle? Bring ten mighty men. So he brought them. They said to him: Let them fill serodot, that is, sacks, with straw. So they filled the sacks with straw and rolled them before it, and it swallowed them, until its belly was split open, and it was unable to stir. Then they rose and killed it. Thus (Deuteronomy 8:15): "Who led you, etc."

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Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Beshalach 17:2Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Beshalach

And it also says (in Isaiah 30:6), "a viper and a flying serpent." What is a "flying serpent" (saraf me'ofef)? The bird that flew over it was immediately burned (nisraf). Rabbi Hiyya the Great said: There was a certain man in the Land of Israel whose name was Merutah ("Plucked Bare"). Why was his name called Merutah? They said: One time he went up to gather wood from the mountain, and he saw the serpent sleeping, but the serpent did not see him; and out of his terror his hairs fell out, and they called him Merutah, and no hair grew upon him until the day of his death. Thus (Deuteronomy 8:15), "who led you," and so forth.

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Midrash Tanchuma, Beshalach 18Midrash Tanchuma

And Moses led Israel onward from the Red Sea, and they went out into the wilderness of Shur (Exod. 15:22). The wilderness of Shur is actually the wilderness of Kazab. They say that the wilderness of Kazab was eight hundred parasangs square and was filled with serpents and scorpions, as is stated: Who led thee through the great and dreadful wilderness, wherein were serpents, fiery serpents, and scorpions (Deut. 8:15). R. Yosé the son of Hanina declared: The serpents were the size of the beam of a house, and the scorpions were the width of a span.

It is related that while King Shapur (of Persia) was passing through that place with the members of his family, a serpent swallowed one of them. As he continued along, a second member of his family was swallowed up and then a third. King Shapur was deeply saddened, but he did not know what to do. His counselors advised him: “Summon ten mighty men to fill the place with a layer of straw.” He summoned them and they did so. They placed straw around the serpent, and he swallowed it. Then they placed more straw around him, and he swallowed it as well. This continued until his belly swelled up, and they killed him. Hence, Who led thee through the great and dreadful wilderness, wherein were serpents, fiery serpents, and scorpions, and thirsty ground where was no water; who brought thee forth water out of the rock of flint (Deut. 8:15). It says also: The burden of the beasts of the south. Through the land of trouble and anguish, from whence come the lioness and the lion, the viper and the flying serpent (Isa. 30:6). The word ef’eh is employed with reference to a viper. They say that when a viper looks at the shadow of a bird flying through the air, the bird immediately becomes entranced and falls apart. Nevertheless, they did not say: Where is the Lord that brought us out of the land of Egypt, that led us through the wilderness, through a land of deserts and of pits, through a land of drought and of the shadow of death (Jer. 2:6). What is meant by the word tzalmavet (“shadow of death”)? A place where there is tzal (“shadow”) accompanied by mavet (“death”).

R. Aha stated: Our great Rabbi told me that there was one man in the land of Israel whom they called the bald-headed one. One time this man went up a mountain to gather wood, when he saw a sleeping serpent. Though the serpent did not see him, he was so terrified by the sight that the hair of his head fell out. The hair did not grow back until his dying day. That was the reason they called him the bald-headed one.

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