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A Doorkeeper Took the Sword From Under Belshazzar's Pillow

A hand wrote four words in red on the wall beside the king's lamp. By dawn a palace servant was walking toward two armies carrying a head.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Victory That Was Not One
  2. Red Ink Beside the Lamp
  3. The Captive Who Read It
  4. The Crush at the Gate
  5. What the Doorkeeper Worked Out
A Doorkeeper Took the Sword From Under Belshazzar's Pillow Click for full size

The Victory That Was Not One

Darius of Media and Cyrus of Persia had married into each other's houses and then turned together on Babylon, and the fighting had been going badly for both sides for a long time. Belshazzar sent out a thousand princes and the troops garrisoned at the temple, at twilight, and they marched all night and hit the enemy camp at first light. The Medes broke and ran. Cyrus held his ground and stopped the pursuit. When the counting was done in the dark, the dead were mostly Medes and Persians.

The princes came back to the palace calling it a win. The king believed them. He gave out silver and gold, sat down with the thousand of them, and kept the tables going until it was night again.

Somewhere past the point where a man stops deciding things, Belshazzar sent for the vessels. Not his own. The gold from the house of God in Jerusalem, carried out by his grandfather Nebuchadnezzar when the city fell and the people were marched east. They came up out of storage and he poured wine into them and drank, and passed them down the table to his princes, his wives, his concubines, and they sang to the gods of Babylon out of the cups of the Temple.

Red Ink Beside the Lamp

God sent a scribe down from the throne.

What Belshazzar saw was fingers. Not an arm, not a shoulder, not a face. Fingers, writing on the plaster of his own wall in red ink, right beside the lamp where the light was best, and they were terrible to look at and they were beautiful. He could not stop looking at them.

The letters were Hebrew. The words were Aramaic. There were four of them and they meant: He thought. He weighed. He separated.

Every limb the king had began to shake. His heart shook. His bones shook inside him. He shouted for the enchanters and the astrologers and the men whose whole profession was reading strange signs, and offered purple and a gold chain and the third place in the kingdom to whoever could tell him what was on his wall, and they stood in front of it and could not.

The Captive Who Read It

Somebody remembered Daniel. He had been brought from Jerusalem as a boy in the deportation, and he had once told Nebuchadnezzar the contents of a dream the king had forgotten, which no magician in Babylon had been able to do.

He came in and did not take the purple.

"You have acted like a fool," he told the king, in front of the thousand. "You defiled the vessels of the house of our God, and He is jealous for His children and for His sanctuary, so He sent an angel to write those words."

Then he made him listen to his own family history. God made your grandfather great and gave him the holy land and the priestly nation, and he shed their blood like water and burned the house and sent the whole inheritance into captivity here. And his heart got big and he said, my hand did this, my own strength stood by me. And God put him out among the beasts of the field and the birds until he could say out loud that heaven kills and heaven revives, and only then gave him his palace back.

"You knew all of that," Daniel said, "and when your men came home from the battle you did not thank the one who gave you the breath in your body. You thanked idols of silver and gold and iron and brass and clay, which cannot rescue anybody, which can do no harm and no good. Then you sent for the holy vessels."

He turned to the wall. Numbered, he said. The years of your kingdom have been counted and they are finished, because the seventy years of the exile are up. Weighed, and you came up short. Separated, and it goes to the Medes and the Persians.

The Crush at the Gate

Nobody in the hall said anything. Then everyone moved at once.

The princes went for the doors and jammed in the gateway, and men who had come in that evening as the victors of a battle were trampled down and crushed in the opening by the men behind them.

Belshazzar did not run. Pain took him where he sat, and he went to his bed and lay there grieving out loud, and the noise of it went through the palace. Then it stopped. He had fallen asleep. He slept the way a corpse lies, from pure terror, and did not move.

What the Doorkeeper Worked Out

There was a doorkeeper in the king's bedroom, an old man who had served Nebuchadnezzar and was well thought of in the house. He stood in the dark next to the sleeping king and reasoned it through by himself.

Daniel read every dream Nebuchadnezzar ever had, he thought, and not one word of it ever failed. Now he has said what is decreed about this one. The spirit of God is on him and he does not lie. So why should I not take this head off and run with it to Cyrus and Darius, and find favor with the kings who are going to own this city by tomorrow?

He did exactly that. He got up quickly in the half light, drew the sword out from under the king's pillow, and cut off Belshazzar's head with the king's own weapon. Then he walked. All that night, out of the city and across the plain, holding it, until the sky went grey and he came to the camp of the two kings.

When he held it up, Darius and Cyrus and every man in the army began to shake and stare at each other. They made him explain how a servant came to be standing there with the head of Babylon in his hand at sunrise, and he told them about the vessels, and the fingers, and the red ink by the lamp, and what the Jewish captive had read off the wall.

Then the two kings got down on the ground in front of their armies.


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From the tradition

Sources

4 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Chronicles of Jerahmeel LXVIIChronicles of Jerahmeel (Gaster, 1899)

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Chronicles of Jerahmeel, trans. Moses Gaster (1899) · Public Domain

The fall of Babylon began with a friendship and ended with a finger. According to the Chronicles of Jerahmeel, a 12th-century Hebrew chronicle translated by Moses Gaster in 1899, God raised up two kings to destroy the Chaldean empire: Darius of Media and Cyrus of Persia. Cyrus married Darius's daughter, binding them into an alliance, and together they marched against Belshazzar, king of Babylon.

The first battles went badly for the alliance. The Chaldeans launched a devastating night attack, and the Medes fled in confusion. Only Cyrus and his Persians held their ground. The casualties among the Medes and Persians were enormous. But Belshazzar made the fatal mistake of celebrating too soon. Believing he had won, he threw a great feast for his thousand princes and rewarded them with silver and gold.

As the wine flowed, Belshazzar grew drunk and reckless. He ordered his servants to bring the golden vessels that Nebuchadnezzar had plundered from the Temple in Jerusalem. These were the sacred vessels of God's own house. Belshazzar, his princes, his wives, and his concubines drank wine from them, defiling what had been consecrated to the God of Israel.

God's response was immediate. He sent a scribe from His throne. A disembodied hand appeared by the lamplight and wrote on the palace wall in red ink, using Hebrew characters but Aramaic words: "He thought, He weighed, He separated." Belshazzar saw only the fingers, and the sight was enough to make every bone in his body tremble. The message meant that God had measured Belshazzar's kingdom, weighed it, and found it wanting. That night, Darius and Cyrus attacked again. This time Babylon fell, and Belshazzar's kingdom was divided between the Medes and the Persians, exactly as the writing had declared.

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Chronicles of Jerahmeel LXVIIIChronicles of Jerahmeel (Gaster, 1899)

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Chronicles of Jerahmeel, trans. Moses Gaster (1899) · Public Domain

Daniel stood before King Belshazzar of Babylon and delivered the verdict no ruler wants to hear. According to the Chronicles of Jerahmeel, a 12th-century Hebrew chronicle compiled by Jerahmeel ben Solomon and translated by Moses Gaster in 1899, Daniel rebuked the king for defiling the sacred vessels of the Temple. God had sent an angel to inscribe a message on the palace wall in Hebrew characters but Aramaic words: "Mene, Mene, Tekel, Upharsin."

The meaning was devastating. God had "numbered" the years of Belshazzar's kingdom and found them complete. The seventy years of Israel's captivity had ended. The king had been "weighed" and found wanting. His kingdom would be "taken away" and handed to the Medes and Persians.

Daniel did not stop there. He reminded Belshazzar that his grandfather Nebuchadnezzar had been humbled by God, forced to wander among wild beasts until he acknowledged the power of heaven. Belshazzar had learned nothing from this. After defeating Darius and Cyrus in battle, he thanked his idols of silver and gold rather than his Creator. Then he compounded the insult by drinking wine from the holy Temple vessels alongside his princes, wives, and concubines.

When the court heard Daniel's interpretation, terror seized them. The princes fled and trampled each other at the gates. Belshazzar collapsed onto his bed and fell into a death-like sleep. That night, a doorkeeper who had served Nebuchadnezzar drew the king's own sword from beneath his pillows and severed his head. He carried it through the darkness to Darius and Cyrus. The two kings prostrated themselves before the God of heaven, vowed to free His people and rebuild the Temple, then marched into Babylon and reduced it to wasteland like Sodom and Gomorrah. They divided the Chaldean empire between them by lot.

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Antiquities X.10Antiquities of the Jews (Josephus)

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Antiquities of the Jews, trans. William Whiston · Public Domain

Daniel was still a teenager when Nebuchadnezzar brought him to Babylon in chains. He and three companions from the royal family of Judah, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, were given Babylonian names, Babylonian education, and food from the king's own table. Daniel refused the food. He asked their guardian to let them eat only vegetables and water for ten days as a test. After ten days, the Jewish captives looked healthier and stronger than everyone eating royal meals.

That was just the beginning. Josephus records that Daniel became "very busy about the interpretation of dreams, and God manifested himself to him." When Nebuchadnezzar had a second dream, this time about a great tree cut down, its stump left in the field among wild beasts, none of the Babylonian wise men could interpret it. Daniel alone told the king the truth: the tree was Nebuchadnezzar himself, and he would lose his throne, live among animals in the wilderness for seven years, and only be restored when he acknowledged that God rules over all kingdoms.

It happened exactly as Daniel predicted. The most powerful king on earth was reduced to living like a beast. After seven years, Nebuchadnezzar prayed and was restored to his throne.

Generations later, King Belshazzar hosted a great feast using the sacred gold and silver vessels looted from the Temple in Jerusalem. In the middle of the banquet, a disembodied hand appeared and wrote on the wall: MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UPHARSIN. The king was terrified. None of his wise men could read the script. They called for Daniel, now an old man. He read the writing without hesitation: God has numbered your kingdom and finished it. You have been weighed and found wanting. Your kingdom is divided and given to the Medes and Persians. That very night, Belshazzar was killed and Darius the Mede took the kingdom (Daniel 5:30).

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Mekhilta Tractate Shirah 6:9Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Mechilta, translated by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein · CC-BY

Belshazzar, king of Babylon, threw the banquet that ended his dynasty. The Mekhilta cites (Daniel 5:1), "King Belshazzar made a great banquet". And reads it as the culmination of Babylonian arrogance. This was no ordinary feast. Belshazzar used the sacred vessels that Nebuchadnezzar had looted from the Temple in Jerusalem, drinking wine from golden cups consecrated to God.

The prophet Habakkuk had already pronounced judgment on exactly this kind of behavior. (Habakkuk 2:15) warns: "Woe unto him who makes his neighbor drink! You pour out your wrath even unto intoxication." The verse cuts both ways, Belshazzar made others drink from holy vessels, and God would pour out wrath upon him in return. (Habakkuk 2:16) adds the consequence: "You will be sated with shame rather than glory."

The banquet that was meant to display Belshazzar's power became the stage for his destruction. That very night, as the revelry continued, the mysterious hand appeared and wrote upon the wall. The words were weighed, numbered, divided. (Daniel 5:30) records the outcome with chilling brevity: "That very night King Belshazzar was killed."

The Mekhilta DeRabbi Yishmael (Tractate Shirah 6:9) places this story alongside the drowning of Pharaoh, another ruler who defied God and discovered that the very instruments of his arrogance became the instruments of his end.

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