Parshat Mishpatim6 min read

The Soul Pawned Each Night and Redeemed at Dawn

Each night a man's soul is handed to God like a pledged cloak and faithfully returned at dawn, yet it still answers for every sin the body commits by mistake.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Cloak Handed Over at Dusk
  2. What Ascends When a Man Lies Down
  3. The Debtor Who Has Nothing to Lie On
  4. Two Men Who Wronged the King
  5. The Courtier Cannot Plead Ignorance

At the edge of dusk a poor man pulled the cloak off his own shoulders and laid it in another man's hands. It was the only warm thing he owned. He had pawned it against a loan, and the lender held the cloak as a pledge, the debt still open between them. The law here was short and strange. Before the sun went down, every night, the lender had to give the cloak back, and every morning the debtor carried it in again. The covering crossed the same threshold twice a day, held and released, though the debt never moved.

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The Cloak Handed Over at Dusk

The Holy One watched this traffic of cloaks and heard in it a debt owed to Himself. "How much you owe Me," He said. A man sins in the morning, forgets by noon, sins again before dark, and still the collector does not come. Evening after evening the One entitled to seize the pledge declines to keep it.

What Ascends When a Man Lies Down

When a man lies down and his breath goes slow, something leaves him and climbs. His soul rises through the dark to the court on high and gives its accounting of the day. Every idle word, every appetite it indulged. The ledger is read back, and the soul is found liable. By the arithmetic of the court it should be kept, held against the debt like a cloak against a loan.

And every dawn it is sent back down, though it never earned release and the debt is not settled.

The Debtor Who Has Nothing to Lie On

There is a second voice in the law, and it belongs to the poor man himself. When his cloak is held past dark he does not suffer in silence. He lifts his complaint straight up past the lender's head. "I am a person and he is a person," he says. "He lies down on his bed. I have nothing to lie on." The cold is his argument. The bare ground is his argument.

"When he cries to Me, I will hear," the Holy One answered, "for I am gracious." In this world a man cries out and is heard, though the answer may be slow. The prophet Isaiah promised a day when the delay itself would end. "He will surely be gracious to you at the sound of your cry. When He hears it, He will answer you." Not after. When.

Two Men Who Wronged the King

But the same soul that is pledged and pardoned each night carries a harder charge into the court. Scripture stops in astonishment over four words. "When a soul sins." Is it the soul that sins? It was drawn from a place where there is no iniquity and no sin, given out of righteousness itself. In the place of justice, wickedness. The purest thing in a person is the thing named in the indictment, and the court can hardly say the sentence aloud.

The strangeness has the shape of a king's case. Two men wronged the king in exactly the same way. One was a man of the town, a stranger to the palace. The other was a courtier who ate at the king's table every day. The king weighed the two identical offenses, turned his face from the townsman, and handed the courtier a verdict.

The palace erupted. "The same sin," the courtiers protested. "You turn from the one and sentence the other." The king did not soften it. "The townsman does not know the customs of the crown," he said. "He offended without knowing what he trampled. But this one stands beside me every day. He knows exactly how a king is to be treated. The one who wrongs me knowing better, what judgment should go out against him?"

The Courtier Cannot Plead Ignorance

The body is the townsman. It was scooped from the ground, dust of the earth, and does not know the customs of heaven. The soul is the courtier. It was breathed in from above, out of the mouth of God, and knows precisely what the crown is owed. When the two of them sin, and they always sin together, the same act weighs differently on each.

They cannot be pried apart to be tried alone. Take the soul out and the body drops into dust. Take the body away and the soul has nothing to sin with. They are bound into one guilty creature, the knowing tenant and the ignorant house. So the astonishment stands even over an accident. "When a soul sins by mistake." A slip, a thing done without intent. The courtier cannot plead that he forgot the customs of the palace, and an error in what he should have studied is counted against him as though he meant it.

King David saw the trap and cried up out of the same court. "Errors, who can discern them? Cleanse me from hidden faults. Hold Your servant back from willful sins too, and let me be clean of the great transgression." He asked to be scrubbed of sins he could not see, because the soul in him was the courtier, and the courtier is watched. Then, like a man who hands up his own words as a pledge every night, he added a last line. "Let the words of my mouth be acceptable before You."

So the account never closes. Each night the courtier gives its reckoning and is found in debt, and each dawn the cloak is redeemed and handed back to the man with no right to demand it. He wakes, pulls the borrowed thing over his shoulders, and walks out to spend a soul he will answer for by dark.


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From the tradition

Sources

2 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Mishpatim 9:1Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Mishpatim

Translation of the source text.Midrash Tanchuma (Buber), Public Domain, on Sefaria · CC-BY-SA

(Exodus 22:25) "If you indeed take your neighbor's garment in pledge, you shall restore it to him before the sun goes down." The Holy One, blessed be He, said: How much you owe Me! You sin before Me, yet I am patient with you. Your soul ascends to Me every single evening and renders judgment and account, and it is liable; yet I return it to you, though you are in debt. So you too, even though he is in debt, "before the sun goes down you shall restore it to him."

"For that is his only covering, etc.; and it shall come to pass, when he cries to Me, etc." (Exodus 22:26). Why? Because he lodges a complaint before Me and says: I am a person and he is a person. He lies upon his bed, but I have nothing upon which to lie. "And I will hear, for I am gracious" (Exodus 22:26). The Holy One, blessed be He, said: In this world, an individual would cry out to Me, and I would hearken to him; but in the world to come you will cry out to Me, and immediately I will answer you. The prophet said: "He will surely be gracious to you at the sound of your cry; when He hears it, He will answer you" (Isaiah 30:19).

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Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Vayikra 11:1Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Vayikra

Translation of the source text.Midrash Tanchuma (Buber), Public Domain, on Sefaria · CC-BY-SA

"When a soul sins by mistake" (Leviticus 4:2). Is it the soul that sins? Scripture says, "In the place of justice, there is wickedness" (Ecclesiastes 3:16), the place of the soul, which was given out of righteousness, from a place where there is neither iniquity nor sin: is it she who sins? Scripture expresses astonishment: "When a soul sins by mistake!"

"The place of righteousness, there is wickedness." To what is the matter comparable? To two people who sinned against the king, one a townsman and one a man of the palace. He saw that both of them had committed one and the same sin. He turned away from the townsman, but against the man of the palace he issued a verdict. The men of his palace said to him: "Both of them committed one and the same sin. From the townsman you turned away, yet against the man of the palace you issued a verdict!" He said to them: "From the townsman I turned away because he does not know the customs of royalty; but the man of the palace is with me every day and knows what the customs of royalty are. And the one who sins against me, what judgment shall go forth upon him?"

So too the body is a townsman: "And the Lord God formed the human, dust from the ground" (Genesis 2:7). And the soul is a man of the palace from above: "and He breathed into his nostrils the breath of life" (ibid.). And both of them sin. Why? Because it is impossible for the body to be without the soul; for if there is no soul there is no body, and if there is no body there is no soul. And both of them sin. "The soul that sins, it shall die" (Ezekiel 18:20). Therefore Scripture expresses astonishment: "When a soul sins by mistake."

What is "by mistake, from any of the commandments of the Lord"? To teach you that anyone who sins by mistake is [as if] he transgresses against the commandments of the Lord. And so it says, "And when you err and do not perform all these commandments" (Numbers 15:22). [And so David said, "Errors, who can discern them? From hidden faults cleanse me;] also from willful sins hold back Your servant, and I shall be clean of great transgression" (Psalms 19:13–14), from the great sin that I committed. And if you do so, "let the words of my mouth be acceptable" (ibid. 15). From here you learn that anyone who sins, even by mistake, is called a sinner. Our Rabbis taught: an error in study is reckoned as willful sin. Therefore it is written, "When a soul sins," because she is from above, and it is not written "a person."

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