Parshat Miketz5 min read

One Clock Running for Both Father and Son

Joseph rots in prison for two measured years while Jacob loses the prophetic spirit. The rabbis say both ends ran on the same divine clock.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Prison Had a Number on Its Door
  2. Jacob Read the Silence and Could Not Break It
  3. What Joseph Sensed in the Cup
  4. When the Spirit Returns

The Prison Had a Number on Its Door

Joseph did not know he was being timed. He knew the cupbearer had forgotten him. He knew two years had passed after the man walked out of the dungeon with his job restored and his memory still intact on every subject except one. What Joseph did not know was that the darkness had a number written on it before he arrived.

The rabbis of Bereshit Rabbah read Job's sentence from across the canon: "He sets an end to darkness." They heard it as cosmic law. Darkness has a boundary. The warden does not own the clock. The Pharaoh does not own the clock. The number is set above both of them, and when it runs out, the prison opens not because anyone decided to open it but because it was always going to open on that day.

Two years after the cupbearer returned to his wine, Pharaoh dreamed. He dreamed twice in one night, fat cows eaten by thin ones, full ears of grain swallowed by scorched ones. His wise men stood around the morning and could not move the images out of his mind. Then the cupbearer remembered, in public, the Hebrew prisoner who had told him what his dream meant.

Jacob Read the Silence and Could Not Break It

While the prison held Joseph, something else went out in Canaan. The divine spirit that gave Jacob prophetic sight had been withdrawn. Not because Jacob sinned. Not because he failed. Because Joseph was alive in Egypt, hidden from every eye including his father's, and the spirit does not speak across a living son who has been mourned as dead.

The rabbis read Bereshit Rabbah's meditation on Jacob's sons going down to Egypt as a record of sensory loss. Jacob could feel something in the direction of Egypt. He could not see what it was. The signal was not silence exactly. It was the signal of grief, which mimics silence. A man in mourning does not receive prophecy.

The tradition specifies: prophecy rests on a person who is in a state of gladness, not sorrow. Jacob had been in sorrow for twenty-two years, the length of Joseph's exile. The spirit waited. It does not force itself on a heart that is closed by loss.

What Joseph Sensed in the Cup

When the cupbearer and baker brought Joseph their dreams, Joseph read them and told each man his answer. He was right for both. The cupbearer went back to his wine within three days. The baker was hanged. Joseph had asked the cupbearer for one thing: remember me. Mention me to Pharaoh. Speak my name where I cannot speak it.

Two years of silence followed. The cupbearer did not forget out of malice. The midrash does not indict him on that count. The forgetting was built into the schedule. Joseph had to wait in the dark until the clock reached its set end, and the clock had been set before Joseph was born, before the pit, before the coat, before the dreams of sheaves and stars that started everything.

The rabbis connect the timeline of the prison to the timeline of Jacob's prophetic blindness. The two years Joseph waited after the cupbearer's release correspond precisely to the years in which Jacob, in Canaan, could sense his son in Egypt but could not see him clearly. The father's spirit and the son's freedom ran on the same count. When Pharaoh dreamed, both clocks reached zero at the same moment.

When the Spirit Returns

The moment the brothers come home from Egypt and Jacob hears something in their report, the midrash tracks the spirit's return. When Judah sends ahead to Joseph and Jacob is told that Joseph is alive, that Joseph is governing Egypt, the Torah says: "the spirit of Jacob their father revived." The rabbis read that revival as a technical event, not a metaphor. The divine presence that had withdrawn for twenty-two years stepped back in.

The two ends of the clock mattered equally. Joseph in prison and Jacob in grief were not simply two separate stories of suffering happening simultaneously. They were the same story told from two ends of the same measuring line. God set the end before either man knew there was a beginning.


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The texts this telling draws on, in full. Open a card to read inline, or expand it for a wider, quieter read.

Bereshit Rabbah 89:1Bereshit Rabbah

The book of Genesis tells us, "It was at the conclusion of two years, and Pharaoh was dreaming: and, behold, he stood at the Nile" (Genesis 41:1). But Bereshit Rabbah, that incredible collection of rabbinic interpretations of Genesis, asks a profound question: What's the significance of those two years?

It all starts with the verse from Job: "He sets an end to darkness" (Job 28:3). The Rabbis, in their insightful way, interpret this on multiple levels. First, it suggests that God actually set a limit on how long the world would spend in darkness. But why darkness in the first place?

Bereshit Rabbah proposes that darkness exists because the yetzer hara (יֵצֶר הָרַע), the evil inclination, is in the world. As long as that force is present, there's darkness and the shadow of death lurking. when we give in to negative impulses, don’t things seem bleaker? The text even quotes Job again: "The stone of thick darkness and the shadow of death" (Job 28:3), linking the presence of evil directly to this sense of gloom.

Here's the hopeful part: the text says that if the yetzer hara were removed from the world, the darkness and shadow of death would vanish too. Imagine a world without that constant inner struggle!

Now, here's where it gets really interesting. Bereshit Rabbah takes that same verse from Job – "He sets an end to darkness" – and applies it specifically to Joseph. It suggests that God also set a limit on how long Joseph would spend in the darkness of prison. Those two years? They weren't just a random passage of time. They were a preordained period.

And when that time was up, what happened? Pharaoh dreamed a dream. The dream that ultimately led to Joseph's release and rise to power. The dream that changed everything.

So, what does this all mean? Perhaps it's a reminder that even in the darkest of times, there's a limit. That God, in God's infinite wisdom, has set a boundary. And perhaps it's a call to action, too. To work on diminishing the yetzer hara within ourselves and in the world around us, so we can bring more light and less darkness into being. Because, as the story of Joseph reminds us, even after years of darkness, dawn can break.

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Bereshit Rabbah 91:1Bereshit Rabbah

Jacob, seeing a famine in the land, tells his sons, "Why do you make yourselves conspicuous?" (Genesis 42:1). Simple enough. But the rabbis of the Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary), particularly in Bereshit Rabbah 91, see layers upon layers of meaning packed into that very first phrase: "Jacob saw that there was grain [shever] in Egypt."

It all hinges on the word shever, which means "grain." But as the rabbis point out, shever sounds awfully similar to other words, opening up a whole universe of interpretation. It's a classic Midrashic move, finding profound connections through wordplay and association.

The Midrash immediately latches onto the similarity between shever (grain) and sivro (hope). "Happy is he whose help is from the God of Jacob, whose hope [sivro] is in the Lord his God" (Psalms 146:5). See the connection? Jacob seeing grain becomes Jacob placing his hope in God. It’s a beautiful reminder that even in times of scarcity, hope remains.

The interpretations don't stop there. The Midrash then quotes (Job 12:14): "Behold, He demolishes, and it will not be rebuilt." This verse, seemingly unrelated, is brought in to explain that, according to the sages, once God stymied the intention of Joseph's brothers to kill him, that plan was never restored.

And then, another verse from Job: "He shuts a man in, and it will not be opened" (Job 12:14). Who is this referring to? The Midrash says it’s the ten tribes, Joseph’s brothers, going to and from Egypt, completely unaware that their brother was alive and in charge. Imagine that! They were walking right past him, buying grain from him, and they had no clue.

But here’s the real kicker: the Midrash reveals that while the brothers were in the dark, Jacob had a glimmer of hope, a sense that Joseph was still alive. How? Because "Jacob saw that there was shever in Egypt." The word shever, the Midrash says, can also mean "disaster." Think of (Lamentations 2:11). So, "Jacob saw that there was shever in Egypt" means he saw both disaster (the famine) and hope (that Joseph was alive).

The Midrash then expands on this duality, contrasting disaster and hope in Joseph's story: "That there was disaster [shever]" – "Joseph was taken down to Egypt" (Genesis 39:1); "that there was hope [sever]" – "Joseph was the ruler over the land" (Genesis 42:6). It's like two sides of the same coin, tragedy and triumph intertwined.

And it doesn’t end there! "That there was disaster [shever]" – "they will be enslaved to them and they will oppress them" (Genesis 15:13); "that there was hope [sever]" – "then they will emerge with great wealth" (Genesis 15:14). Even the future enslavement in Egypt holds the seed of eventual redemption.

Finally, the Midrash circles back to the idea of hidden knowledge, quoting (Job 9:7): "Who says to the sun and it does not shine…and seals the stars." This is interpreted as Jacob not having full knowledge of Joseph's fate, while the ten tribes were completely in the dark. God, in a way, dimmed the light for them, keeping the truth concealed. But the light did shine, however dimly, for Jacob.

What does this all mean? Well, for me, it's a powerful reminder that even in the darkest of times, hope can exist alongside despair. That even within apparent disaster, there might be a seed of redemption, a possibility for transformation. And that sometimes, the truth is hidden in plain sight, waiting for us to see it, to hear it, to understand it. It invites us to look deeper, to listen more closely, and to find the hidden meanings within the stories we think we know. Maybe, just maybe, we too can find the shever – the grain, the disaster, and the hope – in our own lives.

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Bereshit Rabbah 91:6Bereshit Rabbah

That’s kind of what happened to Jacob after Joseph disappeared, according to the ancient commentary, Bereshit Rabbah.

The Torah tells us, "Jacob saw that there was grain [shever] in Egypt" (Genesis 42:1). But wait a minute… was Jacob in Egypt? The text also says he heard about the grain from his sons! So, what's going on? Bereshit Rabbah 91 dives into this seeming contradiction.

The Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary) explains that from the moment Joseph was taken, the Ruach (spirit) Hakodesh – the Divine Spirit – departed from Jacob. He could see, but not really see. Hear, but not really hear. He had a vague awareness, a sense of things he wouldn't normally know, but lacked true clarity. It's like trying to tune into a radio station with a weak signal.

Why does the Torah use the word shever, grain, instead of simply saying "food"? The commentary cleverly suggests we reinterpret shever. Don’t read it as "grain," but as sever – "hope." Jacob, in his diminished state, sensed that his hope, his salvation, lay in Egypt. And who was that hope? Joseph.

The story continues with Jacob sending his sons to Egypt. "Why do you make yourselves conspicuous?" he warns them. According to Bereshit Rabbah, Jacob cautioned them, "You are mighty, you are handsome, do not enter through one gate and do not stand in one place, so that the evil eye will not have dominion over you." He knew the dangers of envy and attention.

But there's more to "go down there" than meets the eye. The Midrash offers another interpretation: "go down there" alludes to the future descent into Egyptian slavery. A foreshadowing of the difficult times to come.

Now, here's where the story gets even more intriguing. The brothers go to Egypt, but the Torah calls them "Joseph's brothers," not "the children of Israel." Why? Because, initially, they hadn't acted with brotherhood. They sold Joseph! But, the Midrash says, they regretted it. They longed to bring their brother back to their father. This time, they were united in their desire to right a wrong.

Rabbi Yehuda bar Simon adds a layer of detail: Joseph, now a powerful figure in Egypt, knew his brothers would come seeking food. So, he stationed guards at every gate, recording the names of everyone who entered. Each brother, unknowingly, gave their names – Reuben son of Jacob, Simeon son of Jacob, and so on.

Can you imagine Joseph's reaction when he saw those names? He immediately sealed all but one storehouse and instructed the proprietor to apprehend these men. But they didn't come. Joseph then sent seventy mighty men to find them.

And where did they find them? In the marketplace of… harlots! The Midrash explains that the brothers, remembering Joseph's "fair form and fair appearance," feared he might be in such a place. A desperate, almost unbelievable, search for their lost brother.

The tension builds as Joseph confronts his brothers, accusing them of being spies. They protest, "We are all the sons of one man; we are sincere." Joseph, however, remains unconvinced, striking a goblet and claiming to see their deceit.

The brothers try to explain their presence in the marketplace, their father's warning about the evil eye. Joseph then reveals his "vision" – that two of them destroyed the city of Shekhem and that they sold their brother.

Shocked, the brothers confess, "We, your servants, are twelve brothers, sons of… our father." But Joseph presses them: Where are the other two? One is "absent" (dead, they claim), and the youngest is with their father. He demands to see the youngest brother.

In a dramatic move, Joseph imprisons Simeon. The Midrash explains that Simeon was chosen because he was the one who pushed Joseph into the pit. Joseph separates Simeon from Levi to prevent them from plotting together.

Simeon cries out, "So you did to Joseph, and so you seek to do to me?" He begs his brothers not to abandon him. The scene is full of guilt, regret, and fear.

Joseph, through a messenger, requests seventy of Pharaoh's mighty men to help him shackle these "robbers." When the guards approach Simeon, he roars, and they fall to the ground, their teeth breaking! Manasseh, Joseph's son, is the one who ultimately subdues Simeon.

Joseph declares that Simeon will remain imprisoned until they bring their youngest brother. The brothers return to Jacob, recounting the harrowing events. Jacob is distraught. “You have bereaved me,” he laments.

Reuben offers his own sons as collateral, but Jacob refuses. Judah finally steps forward, offering himself as guarantor for Benjamin's safety. “I will guarantee him; from me you can demand him,” he pleads (Genesis 43:9).

And here we come full circle: "Jacob saw that there was grain [shever] in Egypt." Some commentaries suggest that this final line is an error, but the Midrash connects it to Jacob’s fear for Benjamin's safety. The word shever now represents disaster, the potential harm that might befall his beloved son.

What does this all mean? It's a powerful reminder of the complexities of family, the consequences of our actions, and the enduring power of hope, even in the darkest of times. And perhaps, it's also a lesson about seeing beyond the surface, about recognizing the hidden meanings and the deeper truths that lie beneath the words. Are we truly seeing, or are we just catching glimpses, like Jacob after losing Joseph? It's a question worth pondering, isn't it?

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Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 147:4Yalkut Shimoni on Torah

Parashat Miketz. (Genesis 41:1) (Job 28:3) "He set an end to darkness, and searches out every limit," etc., a time was given to the world, how many years it would spend in gloom. What is the meaning of "He set an end to darkness"? As long as the evil inclination is in the world, "gloom and the shadow of death" are in the world; when the evil inclination is uprooted from the world, light and joy are in the world, and gloom and the shadow of death pass from the world. Another interpretation: "He set an end to darkness", a time was given to Joseph, how many years he would spend in the prison; once the appointed end arrived, Pharaoh dreamed a dream, "And it came to pass at the end of two years' time." Another interpretation of "And it came to pass at the end of two years' time": it is written "In all toil there is profit, but mere talk of the lips leads only to want." Rabbi Shimon bar Abba said, and some say it was Rabbi Shmuel bar Abba: there was a certain man in Sepphoris who gathered bones for a living; when he saw black bones he would say, these belong to a water-drinker; reddish ones, these to a wine-drinker; white ones, these to a drinker of hot water. Another interpretation: "In all toil there is profit", the suffering Joseph endured with his mistress gained him profit from her, for he married her daughter. "But mere talk of the lips leads only to want", because he said to the chief cupbearer, "But remember me... and mention me to Pharaoh," two more years were added to him. (Psalms 40:5) "Happy is the man who makes the LORD his trust", this is Joseph; "and turns not to the arrogant and to those who stray after falsehood", because he said to the chief cupbearer, etc. "For out of prison he came forth to reign", this is Joseph, literally from the prison; "though even in his kingdom he was born poor", in the kingdom of Joseph the impoverishment of Potiphar was born. (Ecclesiastes 5:2) "For a dream comes with much business, and a fool's voice with many words." Pharaoh said: who endures upon whom, I upon my god, or my god upon me? They said to him: you endure upon your god. The wicked endure upon their gods, "and behold he stood upon the river." The righteous, their God endures upon them, (Genesis 28:13) "and behold the LORD stood over him." The Patriarchs themselves are the divine Chariot. "And Pharaoh dreams", and all other creatures do not dream? Rather, a king's dream concerns the whole world. Why were two years added to him? So that Pharaoh would dream and Joseph be exalted by means of a dream. (Genesis 41:2-3) "And behold, out of the river came up seven cows." When the years are good, people become brothers to one another, "and they grazed in the reed-grass", brotherhood and love in the world; and so it says "Your cattle will graze that day in a broad meadow." When the years are bad, they become strangers to their fellows, as it is said "seven other cows", that turn their faces away from them. (Genesis 41:6) "And behold, seven ears, thin and blasted by the east wind", when the years are bad, people's bodies break out in boils. "And it came to pass in the morning, and his spirit was troubled." Here you say "his spirit was troubled," and elsewhere you say "and his spirit was greatly troubled." Rabbi Yehudah says: here he needed the dream itself by him; there, the dream and its interpretation. Rabbi Nechemiah says: the dream of the statue and the dream of the tree. The Rabbis say: here, to give greatness to one; there, to give greatness to four. Here, because it was close to morning, "his spirit was troubled"; there, because it was from the evening, "his spirit was greatly troubled." Rabbi Yochanan said: every dream that is close to morning comes true at once. "And Pharaoh told them his dream, but none could interpret them for Pharaoh." They were interpreting it, but it did not enter his ears: seven good cows, seven daughters you will father; seven bad cows, seven daughters you will bury; seven good ears, seven provinces you will conquer; seven bad ears, seven provinces will rebel against you. This is what is written (Proverbs 14:6) "A scoffer seeks wisdom and finds none", these are the magicians of Egypt; "but knowledge comes easily to the discerning", this is Joseph. (Genesis 41:10) "Pharaoh was angry with his servants," etc.; "Bigthan and Teresh grew angry," etc. (written above). (Genesis 41:12) "And there with us was a young Hebrew lad." Cursed are the wicked, who do no complete good: "lad", a fool; "Hebrew", he hates us; a slave, for thus it is written in their statutes, that a slave may not be king nor wear noble garments. (Genesis 41:13) "And it came to pass, just as he interpreted to us, so it was." A certain woman went to Rabbi Eliezer and said to him: I saw in a dream that the beam of the house split. He said to her: that woman will conceive and bear a male child. So it was. She returned and saw the same dream a second time; she went again to Rabbi Eliezer, etc. She returned and saw it a third time; she came to him and did not find him. She said to his students: where is your master? They said: what do you want of him? She said: let me tell you, perhaps you who are wise from your master's wisdom are wise. She said to them: I saw in a dream, etc. They said to her: that woman will bury her husband. She went, and so it happened to her. When Rabbi Eliezer came, he heard the sound of her weeping. He said to them: what is this? They recounted to him the matter. He said to them: you have killed a man! Is it not written, "just as he interpreted to us, so it was"? Rabbi Yochanan said: all dreams follow the mouth, except for wine, a scholar drinks and it goes well for him, an ignoramus drinks and it goes ill for him. (Genesis 41:14) "And he shaved and changed his garments", in order to show honor to the kingship. One who sees a haircut in a dream should rise early and say "and he shaved and changed his garments," before another verse precedes it: "and when he shaved, his strength left him."

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