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Aaron Ran to Meet Moses Without Resentment

Moses tried to hand the mission back. Aaron had prophesied in Egypt for eighty years, and Moses feared taking his brother's place.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Moses Ran Out of Excuses
  2. The Record of Brothers
  3. Glad in His Heart
  4. Forty Parasangs of Voice
  5. The Sea Borrowed a Heart
  6. The Stones Over Aaron's Heart
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Moses Ran Out of Excuses

Moses had already said he was nobody. He had already said the people would not believe him. He had already said his mouth was slow and his tongue was heavy, and each time the voice in the burning thornbush answered him and the excuse fell apart. So he tried the last one, which was not an argument at all. "Send by the hand of whoever You are going to send."

Later readers heard laziness in that line. The old teachers heard a debt.

Moses had an older brother in Egypt. Aaron had been standing in front of brickmakers with a word from God for eighty years while Moses kept another man's sheep in Midian. Eighty years of that work, done in a country that punished it. Now the deliverance was being handed to the younger brother who had been gone for most of it, and Aaron would have to watch his own field pass to a man arriving from the desert with a staff and a stammer.

Moses would rather refuse God than walk into that.

The Record of Brothers

He had cause to expect the worst, and so did everyone else. Israel would later put its longing to God as a wish, that You were like a brother to me, and then the people looked at what brothers had actually done in their own book and the wish curdled in their mouths.

Cain rose up against Abel in a field and left him there. Ishmael made sport with Isaac, and the sages read that word the way it reads elsewhere in Scripture, where young men make sport with drawn swords and nobody walks home. Esau said in his heart that he would kill Jacob as soon as the mourning for their father was finished. Ten brothers stripped Joseph, dropped him into a dry pit, and sat down nearby to eat their bread.

That was the record. A brother was a knife waiting for a soft hour.

Glad in His Heart

God did not answer Moses with reassurance about the mission. He answered with a promise about a body.

"He is already coming out to meet you, and when he sees you he will be glad in his heart."

The teachers took hold of that last phrase and would not let it go. It does not say glad with his mouth, which any man can arrange for a morning. It does not say simply glad, which can be worn like a coat over anything. It says glad in the heart, the one room where a man cannot lie to himself about what his brother's promotion costs him.

Moses went.

Aaron was already walking. He had been given his own instruction, go into the wilderness and meet your brother, and he crossed the sand to the mountain where the bush had burned and put his arms around the man who had come to take his work, and kissed him.

Forty Parasangs of Voice

What the two of them settled in that sand had to hold a nation on a road.

The first march out of Egypt ran from Rameses to Succoth, forty parasangs, something over forty miles, and Moses spoke at one end of that column and was heard at the other. The teachers refused to be impressed by their own claim, and reached for the plagues to make it ordinary. Moses had once thrown a fistful of soot toward the sky and it came down as boils on every body in a country that takes forty days to cross. If a handful of ash could cover Egypt, a voice could cover a day's walk.

Nobody packed. Not one household in that column carried provisions for a wilderness. What they took out was dough that never rose, flattened and scorched on coals, and those burnt cakes fed them twice a day for thirty days until the manna started falling. No one stopped at the gate to ask how a family crosses a desert on that. Centuries later a prophet stood in Jerusalem and shouted their walk back at a city that had forgotten it.

The Sea Borrowed a Heart

Then the water. The deeps stood up and set hard, and what they set into was less a wall than a vault, a curved roof of frozen water hanging over the chasing army. It congealed, the verse says, in the heart of the sea, and the teachers took the anatomy seriously. A man's heart sits at about two thirds of his height. The water hardened at two thirds of its depth, exactly where a heart would be.

The sea has no heart. One was lent to it. A terebinth has no heart either, and Absalom hung dying in the heart of that tree after cheating three hearts, his father's, the court's, and Israel's. Heaven has no heart, and the mountain burned to the heart of heaven at Sinai, and that same heaven later dropped bread on a people who took the Torah with all of theirs.

So the sea, carrying a heart it did not own, came down on men who owned hearts and had spent them breaking children on brick quotas.

The Stones Over Aaron's Heart

Rabbi Simeon ben Yohai closed the account with a piece of jewelry.

The heart that can be glad at a brother's height, he said, will one day be glad at its own. Years after the wilderness meeting, when Moses held the leadership and Aaron the priesthood and neither one wanted the other's, twelve stones were set in gold and fastened to Aaron's chest. The breastplate of judgment. The Urim and Thummim went into its fold, and it rested on exactly the heart that had run out to the desert without a knife in it.


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The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Midrash Tanchuma, Shemot 27Midrash Tanchuma

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Townsend 1989 translation of Midrash Tanhuma, S. Buber Recension · CC-BY

Another comment upon the verse And the Lord said to Aaron: “Go into the wilderness to meet Moses” (Exod. 4:27). Scripture says elsewhere in reference to this verse: O that thou wert as my brother (Song 8:1). The Israelites said to the Holy One, blessed be He:, O that thou wert as my brother, yet you find that all brothers hated each other. Cain hated Abel, as it is said: And Cain rose up against Abel his brother (Gen. 4:8). Ishmael hated Isaac, as is said: And Sarah saw the son of Hagar the Egyptian, whom she had borne unto Abraham, making sport (Gen. 21:9). Making sport implies, in this instance, that he wanted to kill him, as it is said: Let the young men, I pray thee, arise and make sport before us (II Sam. 2:14). Esau hated Jacob, as is said: And Esau said in his heart, etc. (Gen. 27:41). And the tribes hated Joseph, as it is said: And they hated him (Gen. 37:4). But in this instance the Israelites asked of the Holy One, blessed be He: Do you mean like Moses and Aaron, of whom it is said: Behold how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity (Ps. 133:1)? They loved and cherished each other. At the time that Moses took the kingship and Aaron the priesthood, they bore no resentment toward each other. In fact, they rejoiced in each other’s exalted role.

A proof of this is that when the Holy One, blessed be He, told Moses to go to Pharaoh as His messenger, he replied: O Lord, send, I pray thee, by the hand of him whom Thou wilt sent (Exod. 4:13). Put out of your mind the thought that Moses was distressed because he was not willing to go. That is not so. He actually was concerned about Aaron’s prestige. Moses said: Before I was designated (to go), my brother Aaron prophesied in Egypt for them for eighty years, as it is written: And I made known to them in the land of Egypt (Exod. 20:5). How do we know that Aaron prophesied for them in Egypt? We know this from the verse: And there came a man of God unto Eli and said unto him: “Thus saith the Lord: Did I reveal Myself unto the house of thy father, when they were in Egypt?” (I Sam. 2:27). It was for this reason that Moses said: Throughout all these years my brother prophesied, and if I should now intrude into his area (of service) he will be deeply distressed. That is why Moses did not wish to go. The Holy One, blessed be He, replied to Moses: Aaron will not be offended. In fact, not only will he not be displeased, but he will rejoice. You know this is so, for He said to him: And also, behold, he cometh forth to meet thee; when he seeth thee, he will be glad in his heart (Exod. 4:14). It does not say “he will be glad with his mouth” or simply “he will be glad,” but rather, he will glad to see him, in his heart.

R. Simeon the son of Yohai said: The heart that rejoices in the importance of his brother will ultimately rejoice in his own role, and as it is said: And thou shalt put on the breastplate of judgment, the Urim and Thummin; and they shall be put upon Aaron’s heart (ibid. 28:13). Therefore, Behold, he cometh forth to meet thee implies that when he told him that (Aaron would be glad) he agreed to go. Immediately the Holy One, blessed be He, revealed Himself unto Aaron and said to him: Go into the wilderness to meet Moses. Hence, O that thou wert as my brother refers to the kind of brothers Moses and Aaron were to each other. When I would find thee without, I would kiss thee (Song 8:1) indicates that he met him at the mountain of the Holy One, blessed be He, and kissed him.

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Midrash Tanchuma, Bo 9Midrash Tanchuma

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Townsend 1989 translation of Midrash Tanhuma, S. Buber Recension · CC-BY

And the children of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth (Exod. 12:37). The distance from Rameses to Succoth is forty parasangs (approx. 43 miles), yet Moses’ voice could be heard at Succoth. Do not be surprised at this, for even the dust that Moses hurled into the air soared about for forty days, as it is said: And it shall become small dust over all the land of Egypt (Exod. 9:9). If the dust could spread over the whole of Egypt, which takes forty days to traverse, how much more likely it is that his voice could traverse forty parasangs. R. Akiba said: Succoth refers to the clouds, as it is said: For over all the glory shall be a canopy (sukkah) (Isa. 4:5). Likewise, in the future, And there shall be a canopy (sukkah) for a shadow in the daytime (ibid., v. 6). Besides children (Exod. 12:37). That is, besides little ones and women. And they baked cakes (ibid., v. 39). Actually, they did not manage to bake cakes. The word cakes refers to a cake baked on coal, as it is said: But make me thereof a little cake first, and bring it forth unto me (I (Kings 17:1)3). An amazing miracle was performed for them by means of the cakes. They ate them twice a day for thirty days, until the manna descended for them. Neither had they prepared for themselves any victuals (Exod. 12:39). This was to demonstrate Israel’s worth, since they did not complain and say: “How can we cross the desert and the sea if we have no provisions?” This teaches us that they trusted Him. Concerning them, it is expressly stated in the post-Mosaic writing: Go, and cry in the ears of Jerusalem (Jer. 2:2). What was their reward for their faithfulness? Israel is the Lord’s hallowed portion (ibid., v. 3).

Now the time that the children of Israel dwelt in Egypt was four hundred and thirty years (Exod. 12:40). But it is written: And shall serve them, and they shall afflict them four hundred years (Gen. 15:13). Since these two verses are obviously contradictory, how can they be reconciled? The first decree was issued prior to the birth of Isaac, but after Isaac’s birth, the Holy One, blessed be He, reconsidered the matter, as it is said: Thy seed shall be a stranger, and they shall afflict them four hundred years. Abraham reflected on this subject at the time of the decree. It is written: And they shall afflict them four hundred years, but it is also written: In the fourth generation they shall come back hither (ibid., v. 16). How can these verses be reconciled? These verses suggest that, if they repent, I will redeem them after four generations, but if not, after four hundred years. And it came to pass at the end of four hundred and thirty years (Exod. 12:41). At the end of that time he did not delay them as long as the blink of an eye. It was on the fifteenth day of Nisan that he issued the decree and spoke to Abraham our father, at the time of making the covenant-between-the-parts. It was on the fifteenth day of Nisan that ministering angels came to inform him about the birth of Isaac; it was on the fifteenth day of Nisan that Isaac was born; it was on the fifteenth day of Nisan that they were redeemed from Egypt; and it is on the fifteenth day of Nisan that they will be redeemed from servitude to kingdoms. The same day was designated for all these events.

It was a night of watching unto the Lord for bringing them out from the land of Egypt (Exod. 12:42). This is also the night upon which they will be redeemed, R.Joshua maintained. R. Eliezer held, however: In the future they will be redeemed in Tishri, as it is stated: Blow the horn at the new moon (Ps. 81:4). It was a night (Exod. 12:42). It was the night about which the Holy One, blessed be He, had said to Abraham, “On that night I will redeem thy sons.” Watching unto the Lord for all the children of Israel (Exod. 12:42); that is to say, all the Israelites must be watchful on that night.

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Midrash Tanchuma, Beshalach 17Midrash Tanchuma

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Townsend 1989 translation of Midrash Tanhuma, S. Buber Recension · CC-BY

The deeps were congealed (Exod. 15:8). He fashioned them into a kind of vault. In the heart of the sea (ibid.). Where is a man’s heart located? It is located just above two thirds of his height. Similarly, the water congealed over them at two thirds of its depth. The sea had no heart; a heart was attributed to it. A terebinth has no heart, but a heart was ascribed to it, as it is said: While he was yet alive in the heart of the terebinth (II Sam. 18:14). The heavens have no heart, but He attributed a heart to them, as it is said: And the mountain burned with fire unto the heart of heaven (Deut. 4:11). The sea, which had no heart, and to which He ascribed a heart, came and punished the Egyptians who possessed hearts, but who nevertheless had subjected Israel to all manner of afflictions. The terebinth has no heart, but the heart which was attributed to it, went and punished Absalom, who had a heart, for he had deceived three hearts: his father’s, the court’s, and that of the men of Israel. And the heaven which had no heart, but to which a heart was ascribed, came and sent down manna to Israel, which possessed a heart, accepted the Torah with all its heart, and loved its Creator with all its heart.

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