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David Danced Before the Ark and His Wife Despised Him For It

No one ever saw a handsbreadth of palm or heel uncovered on a king of Saul's line, Michal told him. David answered with the word she had chosen.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Trees That Moved Without Wind
  2. The Hand on the Cart
  3. The King Took Off His Robes
  4. The Handmaids and the Mothers
  5. A Weaned Child With Its Mother
David Danced Before the Ark and His Wife Despised Him For It Click for full size

The Trees That Moved Without Wind

The Philistines had pitched camp in the Valley of the Giants outside Jerusalem, and David would not move a single man until he had asked. He sent for the high priest and put the question to God. The answer came back that he would win, so he took the army out, came around behind the Philistine line, and broke it.

They came back with three times the men and camped on exactly the same ground.

He asked again, and this time the answer was strange. Take the army into the Groves of Weeping near their camp. Do not move. Do not start the fight. Wait until the tops of the trees begin to sway with no wind touching them, and go the moment they do.

So an entire army lay flat in a grove within earshot of the enemy, watching branches. The branches moved in dead air. David went, and the Philistine ranks broke on the first shock and did not stop running until Gaza.

The Hand on the Cart

With the Philistines scattered, David turned to a thing Saul had left alone for a lifetime. The Ark of the Covenant was still sitting in a house at Kirjath-jearim where nobody went. He called up the young men of the whole country, and the priests, and the Levites, and set the Ark on a new cart, and let their own sons walk beside the oxen and draw it. He went in front of it with the whole nation behind him, singing, and the trumpets and the cymbals going.

At the threshing floor of Chidon the oxen jolted and the Ark shifted. Uzzah put out a hand to steady it. He was dead before the cart stopped rolling, because he was not a priest and he had touched it.

The procession stopped there. David was angry first and frightened after, and the ground kept the name of the Breach of Uzzah. He would not take the Ark one step further toward his own city. He turned it aside into the house of a Levite named Obed-edom and went home without it.

Three months later the reports coming out of that house were all the same. Obed-edom had been a poor man of no standing, and now people walked past his gate to look at what he had and envy him for it. David heard, and took courage, and went back.

The King Took Off His Robes

No cart the second time. The priests carried it on them. Seven companies of singers went ahead in the order David had set. And David walked in front of all of it playing the harp, wearing a linen ephod, which is what a man on duty in the sanctuary wears and not what a king wears, and he leaped and danced with everything he had.

Michal, daughter of Saul and now the wife of the man in the linen, watched it come up the street from a window. She laughed at him, and she despised him in her heart.

The Ark went under the tent he had pitched for it. He brought the offerings, and then he fed the crowd, all of it: to every man, every woman, and every infant a loaf of bread, a cake, and a second cake baked in a pan. Then he sent them home and went to his own house to bless it.

Michal was waiting in the doorway.

The Handmaids and the Mothers

"The kingship looked better on my father's house than it looks on you," she said. "In all their days nobody ever saw so much as a handsbreadth of palm or heel uncovered on any one of them. Every one of them carried more dignity than you carried today, out in front of your servants' slave girls."

David did not step back from her.

"It was before God, who chose me over your father and over your father's whole house, that I was leaping," he said. "Your father's house chased its own honor and let the honor of Heaven go. I do the opposite. I put my own honor down and go after the honor of Heaven. And do not tell me I was only lowered in other people's eyes while I stayed proud inside myself. I will be lower than this in my own eyes."

Then he took the word she had chosen and gave it back to her. She had said the amahot, the slave girls. In Hebrew the letters that spell them also spell the imahot, the mothers of Israel, and only the reading is different.

"Hear what you have just said, Michal. You will be counted among the amahot. Never among the imahot."

She bore him no children.

A Weaned Child With Its Mother

Afterward, on his own, David said a psalm in front of God that runs like an inventory of every time he had refused to be impressive.

My heart was not haughty. That was the day Samuel poured oil on his head in front of his older brothers and he went straight back out to the sheep. My eyes were not lifted up. That was the day he killed Goliath and did not carry the head back through the camp for the men to cheer at. I did not walk in things too great for me. That was the Ark, and the linen, and the street.

And the last line was his answer to Michal before she had ever opened her mouth. I have quieted my soul the way a weaned child lies quiet with its mother. A small child is not ashamed to be uncovered in front of the woman who feeds it. I am not ashamed to make myself small in front of You.

He had come home that evening to bless his household. She had come out to the door to tell him how the household had looked from a window.


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The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Antiquities VII.4-5Antiquities of the Jews (Josephus)

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Antiquities of the Jews, trans. William Whiston · Public Domain

David never went to war without consulting God first. According to Josephus in Antiquities of the Jews, this was the defining principle of his military career. And when the Philistines came to destroy him at Jerusalem, it was prophecy, not strategy, that won the day.

The Philistines had seized the Valley of the Giants just outside the city. David asked the high priest to inquire of God, received assurance of victory, then attacked from behind and routed them completely. They came back with triple the forces. This time, God gave stranger instructions: wait in the Groves of Weeping near the enemy camp and do not move until the trees begin swaying on their own, without wind. When the trees moved, David struck. The Philistines broke ranks immediately and fled all the way to Gaza.

With his enemies scattered, David turned to something that had been neglected since Saul's reign: the Ark of the Covenant. It had sat in the house of Aminadab at Kirjathjearim, essentially forgotten. David assembled priests, Levites, and the entire nation to bring it to Jerusalem in a massive procession, singers, dancers, trumpets, cymbals, and the king himself playing the harp.

Then disaster struck. At the threshing floor of Chidon, the oxen pulling the cart jolted the Ark. A man named Uzzah reached out to steady it. He died instantly. Josephus explains the reason plainly: Uzzah was not a priest, and the Ark could not be touched by unauthorized hands. God struck him down, and the place was called "the Breach of Uzzah" ever after.

David was terrified. He diverted the Ark to the house of a Levite named Obededom, where it stayed for three months. During that time, Obededom, previously a poor man of low standing, became extraordinarily prosperous. When David heard how the Ark had transformed this man's fortunes, he gathered courage and brought it into Jerusalem at last, this time with priests carrying it properly and seven companies of singers leading the way.

His wife Michal, Saul's daughter, watched from a window as the king danced wildly before the Ark. She laughed at him. David's response was sharp: he was dancing for God, who had chosen him over her father, and he would do it again whenever he pleased. Josephus records that Michal bore no children after this confrontation.

Settled in Jerusalem, David looked at his own palace of cedar and felt convicted. The Ark sat in a tent. He told the prophet Nathan he wanted to build God a proper temple. Nathan initially encouraged him, but that night God appeared to Nathan with a different plan: David had shed too much blood in war to build the house of God. That honor would belong to his son, Solomon. David accepted the verdict with joy, not for what he was denied, but for the promise that his dynasty would endure.

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Midrash Shmuel 25:6Midrash Shmuel

Translation of the source text.Midrash Shmuel, Krakow 1893, Public Domain, on Sefaria · CC-BY-SA

"And it was, as the Ark of the LORD came into the City of David, that Michal the daughter of Saul..." (2 Samuel 6:16). She said to him: Those of my father's house had a kingship finer than yours. Heaven forbid that anyone should ever have seen of them, in their days, a handsbreadth of palm or a handsbreadth of heel uncovered; rather, all of them were more dignified than you.

And what did David say to her? "Before the LORD, who chose me over your father..." (2 Samuel 6:21). He said to her: Those of your father's house seek their own honor and forsake the honor of Heaven; but I do not act so. Rather, I forsake my own honor and seek the honor of Heaven.

You might say that I was lowly in the eyes of others and despised, but not in my own eyes; therefore Scripture teaches: "And I shall be yet more lowly in my own eyes, and with the handmaids..." (2 Samuel 6:22). David said to her: Michal, Heaven forbid that you should be counted among the "imahot" (the matriarchs/mothers); rather, only among the "amahot" (the handmaids).

"And she said: How honored was the king of Israel today..." (2 Samuel 6:20). She said to him: Would that it had been in the eyes of the sons of men! But rather it was in the eyes of the handmaids of his servants, "as one of the empty ones uncovers himself" (2 Samuel 6:20). Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said: like those "arbis tirem."

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Bamidbar Rabbah 4Hebraic Literature (1901)

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Project Gutenberg eBook #14368, Hebraic Literature · PD-US-pre-1929

No one in Israel, the sages taught, could humble himself more thoroughly than David when a commandment was at stake. Before God he spoke the words of Psalm 131, and the midrash teaches us how to read each line.

"My heart was not haughty", this was David when the prophet Samuel anointed him king among his older brothers. He did not lord it over them; he went back to the sheep.

"Nor were my eyes lofty", this was David when he slew Goliath. He did not walk back to Saul's camp displaying the head like a trophy; he gave the victory to God.

"Neither did I exercise myself in matters too great for me", this was David when he brought the Ark of the Covenant up to Jerusalem. He did not ride alongside it in royal robes; he danced in a linen ephod, a priest's simple garment.

"Have I not behaved myself, and hushed my soul, as a weaned babe with its mother?" As a small child, unashamed to be undressed before its mother, so I am unashamed to make myself small before You for Your glory.

Recall the moment in (2 Samuel 6:20-21), when David's wife Michal mocked him for dancing "vulgarly" before the servant girls, and David answered her: "I will yet be more vile than this, and will be base in my own sight." The crown, for David, was never higher than the cause of the King of kings.

(From the 1901 Hebraic Literature anthology, drawing on Bamidbar Rabbah 4.)

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