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Elijah Showed Rabbi Joshua Gehinnom and the New Jerusalem

Men hung by their hair, their eyes, their tongues. Rabbi Joshua had studied the afterlife for years. Elijah was offering him the door.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Offer on the Road
  2. Hung by What They Used
  3. Rabbi Shimon Would Not Speak
  4. Gates of Carbuncle
  5. He Finished the Walk in Silence
Elijah Showed Rabbi Joshua Gehinnom and the New Jerusalem Click for full size

The Offer on the Road

Elijah was already walking beside him when Rabbi Joshua ben Levi noticed. The prophet never announced himself in these meetings. He was simply there, as if the road had always had a second set of feet on it.

He had an offer, not a greeting. "Would you like to see the gates of Gehinnom (גיהנם)?"

Rabbi Joshua said yes. He had spent his life on texts about the world after death. Elijah was offering him a door no page could open. They went together.

Hung by What They Used

The first chamber was exact in a way that made Joshua's stomach go tight. Men hung by their hair. Elijah named them. These had grown it long to adorn themselves for sin. Others hung by their eyes, which had followed the gaze into transgression. Others by their noses, which had perfumed themselves for the same work. Others by their tongues, which had spread slander. Others by their hands, which had stolen. Others by their feet, which had run to do evil. Women hung by their breasts, for having uncovered themselves to pull men off the path.

Deeper in, men were fed hot coals. These had blasphemed. Others were forced to drink bitter gall. These had eaten on fast days. Others ate fine sand until their teeth broke, and a voice said over them that stolen food had been sweet in the mouth, and this would not be. Some were thrown from fire to snow and from snow to fire, the ones who had driven the poor away empty. Some were driven from mountain to mountain like a flock with death for a shepherd.

Joshua walked. He did not interrupt. Each body part had become the hook. The thing a person had used was the thing that held them now.

Rabbi Shimon Would Not Speak

On another day Elijah found him in a marketplace and tried a different introduction. He offered to put Joshua into speech with the departed Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai, who had gone into a cave in life and had not come back ordinary.

Rabbi Shimon declined. He had already asked Joshua a question. Joshua, in his modesty, had given an answer that did not raise him in the dead sage's estimate. Elijah could open Gehinnom. He could not make a great man spend a conversation he did not wish to spend.

Joshua accepted it. The market went on selling. The prophet did not argue. Even Elijah's introductions had a door that could stay shut.

Gates of Carbuncle

Elijah showed him the other end of the road. Not ash. Not hooks. The Jerusalem that would stand at the end of days, the city not rebuilt by masons but kept until it could descend whole. Not the Jerusalem of occupation. Not the city whose Temple had been reduced to a surviving wall. The New Jerusalem, held in reserve.

The gates were carbuncle, enormous stones that blazed with their own light. Not reflected light from torches or oil lamps or even the sun. The gates themselves threw brilliance. Joshua stood in front of them and could not find a sentence. The portals were pure light, and the city behind them was a city God had not yet released into time.

He looked until looking hurt. Elijah did not hurry him. The prophet who had offered Gehinnom without warning now let him take the gates at the speed a living pair of eyes could bear.

He Finished the Walk in Silence

Joshua came back from both tours with the same hard pair in his mind. In Gehinnom the punishment fit the tool. Hair for hair. Eye for eye. Tongue for tongue. The gates of Jerusalem were not a fog of comfort. They were stone, carbuncle, a light that did not borrow from any lamp.

He had walked with a prophet who had never died, through corridors of the dead and a city that had not yet been born. The rest of the road he finished without talking. Elijah did not fill the quiet. The market, when they reached it again, sounded too loud, and the ordinary sun on ordinary lintels looked dim after carbuncle, and still it was the sun he had to walk under.

Make room for the son of Levi, Elijah would later call, when Joshua entered Paradise. On this road there was no call. Only the prophet beside him, and the two maps, and the dust.


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From the tradition

Sources

4 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Chronicles of Jerahmeel XVChronicles of Jerahmeel (Gaster, 1899)

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Chronicles of Jerahmeel, trans. Moses Gaster (1899) · Public Domain

Rabbi Joshua ben Levi was walking on the road when he met the prophet Elijah. "Would you like to see the gates of Gehinnom (the place of spiritual purification after death)?" Elijah asked. "Yes," he answered. According to the Chronicles of Jerahmeel, a 12th-century Hebrew chronicle compiled by Jerahmeel ben Solomon, what followed was a guided tour of punishments that matched each sin to the exact body part that committed it.

Elijah showed him men hanging by their hair. These had grown their hair long to make themselves attractive for sin. Others hung by their eyes, for following their gaze into transgression. Others by their tongues, for slander. Others by their hands, for theft. Others by their feet, for running to do evil. Women hung by their breasts for deliberately enticing men.

Deeper in, Elijah showed him men forced to eat fiery coals. These had blasphemed. Others swallowed bitter gall, punished for eating on fast days. Still others ate fine sand until their teeth broke. God Himself addresses these sinners: "When you ate stolen food it was sweet in your mouth. Now you cannot eat even this."

Others were thrown from fire to snow and back again, endlessly. These had turned away the poor who came asking for help. Others were driven from mountain to mountain like sheep, with death itself serving as their shepherd.

Rabbi Johanan explained the system: for every sin, a specific angel is appointed to extract its expiation. They take turns, like creditors collecting debts. Three categories of sinners descend to Gehinnom forever and never ascend: the adulterer, the one who publicly shames their neighbor, and the perjurer. But even Gehinnom observes the Sabbath. On Friday evening, the sinners are led to two mountains of snow and left there until Saturday night. Some try to smuggle snow under their armpits to cool themselves during the week. God rebukes them: "You steal even in Gehinnom."

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Legends of the Jews 7:67Legends of the Jews

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Legends of the Jews by Louis Ginzberg (1909) · Public Domain

It happens to the best of us, and even to some of the greatest Rabbis in Jewish lore. Take the story of Rabbi Joshua, for example.

The familiar version gives us the prophet Elijah. The one who ascends to heaven in a chariot of fire? Well, according to Legends of the Jews, compiled by Ginzberg, even Elijah couldn’t always get his way. He once tried to connect Rabbi Joshua with none other than the departed Rabbi Simon ben Yohai.

Rabbi Simon ben Yohai, or Rashbi as he's often known, is a towering figure. Tradition ascribes the authorship of the Zohar, the central text of Kabbalah, to him. So, understandably, Elijah thought a conversation between these two great minds would be a momentous occasion.

Here's where the story takes an unexpected turn. Rabbi Simon ben Yohai wasn’t interested. He apparently didn't think Rabbi Joshua was important enough to warrant his attention!

Why? Well, apparently, Rabbi Simon had posed a question to Rabbi Joshua, and Joshua, in his characteristic modesty, gave an answer that didn’t exactly scream "genius." He wasn't trying to show off, just giving an honest reply.

But here’s the kicker, the truly beautiful irony: Rabbi Joshua, despite his humble demeanor, possessed such exceptional qualities that when he entered Paradise – Gan Eden (the Garden of Eden, paradise) – Elijah himself walked before him, calling out, "Make room for the son of Levi!" Elijah, the prophet, acting as a herald, clearing the way for Rabbi Joshua in the ultimate reward. True worth isn't always immediately apparent. Sometimes, the most profound wisdom is cloaked in humility. And sometimes, the greatest recognition comes from the most unexpected places.

How many times have we underestimated someone, or been underestimated ourselves? How often do we mistake modesty for a lack of substance? Maybe the real lesson here is to look beyond the surface, to seek out the hidden depths in ourselves and in others. Because who knows? Maybe there's an Elijah waiting to announce your arrival.

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Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 201Exempla of the Rabbis (Gaster, 1924)

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Exempla of the Rabbis, Moses Gaster (1924) · Public Domain

201. The Prophet Elijah showed the future portals of Jerusalem which were made of carbuncles, to R. Joshua b. Levi.

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Exempla of the Rabbis, No. 201Exempla of the Rabbis (Gaster, 1924)

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Exempla of the Rabbis, Moses Gaster (1924) · Public Domain

Gaster's Exempla lists "Portals of Future Jerusalem," pointing to Midrash HaGadol on Exodus (Vayyishlach), Farhi, and Cod. G. 184, No. 171.

The original is an index card for the future-gates tradition, not a tour of the portals.

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