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Elijah Stacked Twelve Stones on Mount Carmel

On Carmel Elijah rebuilds a broken altar with twelve stones, one for each tribe. Fire falls, idolatry burns, and a prophet matches Moses step for step.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Twelve Stones and Not a Heap
  2. Water Poured Into the Trench
  3. The Fire a Sick Love Asked For
  4. What Are You Doing Here
  5. The Redemption With No Way Back
Elijah Stacked Twelve Stones on Mount Carmel Click for full size

Twelve Stones and Not a Heap

The altar on Mount Carmel had lain broken so long that grass had come up between the fallen stones, and Elijah could have rebuilt it out of whatever lay nearest. He walked the slope instead and picked the stones up one at a time, and he stopped at twelve, because nothing heaven had ever given Israel had come to Israel on its own account. It came on the account of the tribes. Twelve months in a year, twelve constellations turning overhead, twelve hours of light and twelve of dark: the clock of the world had been cut to that number for the sake of Jacob's sons, and even the Temple that was still generations from being built would stand on their merit and on nothing else. So when Elijah wanted a faithless nation back under the wings of the Shechinah (שכינה), God's presence, he refused to speak in any other language.

He counted the stones out where the crowd could watch him count.

The prophets of Baal had been at their own altar since morning. They had shouted until their voices tore, they had cut their arms until blood ran down onto the wood, and no fire had come. The people on the ridge watched it with the flat patience of a country in its third year without rain. One farmer near the front had climbed up to see a spectacle and had no intention of changing his mind about anything.

Water Poured Into the Trench

Elijah took his turn slowly. He laid the wood, cut the bull, set it on the pile, and then had jars carried up and water poured over the whole of it until the water ran off the stones, and he had it done again, and a third time, until the trench he had dug around the altar stood full. The drought had made water the most expensive thing on that mountain, so the waste was the point. He was taking away every dry stick a man could point at afterward, because a people who had spent a generation limping between two opinions would find a way to limp again if he left them one.

The farmer near the front watched good water vanish into the dirt and hated him for it.

The Fire a Sick Love Asked For

Then Elijah called on the God of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Israel, three dead men whose merit he was stacking between himself and an empty sky, the way Moses had reached for those same three names when he stood between a furious God and a people who had just poured a calf.

The fire fell. It took the bull and the wood, it took the stones and the dust under them, and it drank the trench dry, and the whole ridge went down on its face and said the sentence together: the LORD, He is God.

A love that has gone sick does not ask to be fed argument. It asks to be propped up with fires, and only the fires that proved something: the furnace Abraham was willing to walk into, the fire waiting on Moriah under a bound boy, the fire in the bush that would not eat the branch it stood on. Elijah had just added one to that list, and he knew exactly what he had handed them, because a nation that could not hold a law could still hold the memory of heat on its face. Whether it would hold past sundown was another question.

What Are You Doing Here

It did not hold past sundown. Jezebel sent word that by tomorrow at that hour he would be as dead as her prophets, and the man who had pulled fire out of a clear sky ran for the desert, sat down under a broom tree, and asked God to take his life. An angel fed him twice. On the strength of that food he walked forty days and forty nights without eating again, exactly the fast Moses had kept on the mountain, until he reached Horeb and crawled into a cave to sleep.

A wind came first and split the rocks, and after the wind an earthquake, and after the earthquake a fire, and God was in none of the three. Then a thin sound, barely a voice. Elijah wrapped his face in his cloak and came out to the mouth of the cave to hear what a man is told after he has fasted forty days on that rock, brought down fire, destroyed idolatry as a zealot, gathered a nation, and built an altar out of twelve stones.

What he got was a question. What are you doing here, Elijah. He stood in the cave mouth with the cloak still over his face and heard it land, four words where he had expected a commission, and the wool against his mouth went hot with his own breath. Moses had stood on that same rock and been told, stand here by Me. That was the one place in the whole long match where the two of them came apart.

The Redemption With No Way Back

Both of them came out of Levi, the first prophet and the last. Moses had taken Israel out of Egypt, but that rescue did not hold; the nation went back under other masters, and the freedom he handed them had to be handed over a second time. The one Elijah is being kept for does not come off again. Nobody goes back to the mortar after it. So he was not buried like the others, and the question at the cave was not an insult, only a man being told he had come early.

On Carmel the trench dried out and the twelve stones he had stacked stayed where he had set them, burned black through, one for each of Jacob's sons, in the shape of a people that had said a true sentence out loud once with the heat still on its face.


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The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Pesikta Rabbati 4:1Pesikta Rabbati

Translation of the source text.Pesikta Rabbati, ed. Meir Friedmann (Ish-Shalom), Vienna 1880 · Public Domain

"And Elijah took twelve stones, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Jacob, to whom the word of the LORD came, saying, Israel shall be your name" (1 Kings 18:31). Let our master teach us: A New Moon that falls on Hanukkah - since there is no additional (musaf) prayer on Hanukkah, one who prays the additional prayer, must he mention Hanukkah? Our masters taught us: Rabbi Simon said in the name of Rabbi Yehoshua: A New Moon that falls on Hanukkah - although there is no musaf on Hanukkah, only on the New Moon - he must mention Hanukkah in the additional prayer. A Sabbath that falls on Hanukkah - although there is no musaf on Hanukkah, only on the Sabbath - he must mention Hanukkah in the additional prayer. And where does he mention it? In the Thanksgiving (Hoda'ah). You find that all the miracles the Holy One, blessed be He, did for Israel and is destined to do for them are by the merit of the tribes. The Temple too is destined to be built by the merit of the tribes, as it is said, "Jerusalem that is built up" (Psalm 122:3) - what is written after it? "To which the tribes go up" (Psalm 122:4). And so all that the Holy One, blessed be He, created, He created by the merit of the tribes. You find twelve months in the year, twelve constellations in the firmament, twelve hours in the day and twelve hours in the night. The Holy One, blessed be He, said, "Even the upper and the lower I created only by the merit of the tribes," for so it is written, "All these My hand has made" (Isaiah 66:2) - by the merit of "all these, the tribes of Israel, twelve" (Genesis 49:28). Therefore, since Elijah came to bring Israel near beneath the wings of the Shekhinah, he took twelve stones according to the number of the tribes and built them into an altar. How do we know? From what the prophet concluded: "And Elijah took twelve stones, according to the number of the tribes of the sons of Jacob." ["And Elijah took, etc."] Thus opened Rabbi Tanchuma son of Rabbi Abba: "And by a prophet the LORD brought up Israel from Egypt" (Hosea 12:14) - this is Moses; "and by a prophet he was guarded" (Hosea 12:14) - this is Elijah. You find that two prophets arose for Israel from the tribe of Levi: Moses first and Elijah last, and both redeem Israel by commission. By commission Moses redeemed them from Egypt: "And now go, and I will send you to Pharaoh, etc." (Exodus 3:10); and Elijah will redeem them in the time to come by commission: "Behold, I send you Elijah the prophet, etc." (Malachi 3:23). Moses, who redeemed them from Egypt first - they returned and were enslaved again in Egypt; but Elijah, when he redeems them from the fourth, from Edom, they will not again be enslaved, but it will be an everlasting salvation. And you find that Moses and Elijah are equal to each other in every matter. Moses was a prophet, Elijah was a prophet. Moses was called man of God (Deuteronomy 33:1), and Elijah was called man of God (1 Kings 17:18). Moses went up on high, and Elijah went up on high, as it is said, "And it came to pass when the LORD took up Elijah" (2 Kings 2:1). Moses killed the Egyptian, and Elijah killed Hiel - "and he became guilty through Baal and died" (Hosea 13:1). Moses was sustained by a woman, by the daughter of Jethro: "Call him that he may eat bread" (Exodus 2:20), and Elijah was sustained by the woman of Zarephath: "Fetch me, I pray, a morsel of bread" (1 Kings 17:11). Moses fled from Pharaoh, and Elijah fled from Jezebel. Moses fled and came to a well, and Elijah fled and came to a well, as it is written, "And he arose and went... and came to Beersheba" (1 Kings 19:3). Moses - "and the cloud covered him six days" (Exodus 24:16), and Elijah went up in a whirlwind - "and it came to pass when the LORD took up, etc." (2 Kings 2:1). Of Moses it is said, "If these die as all men die" (Numbers 16:29), and of Elijah, "As the LORD God of Israel lives, before whom I stand, there shall be neither dew nor rain these years except by my word" (1 Kings 17:1). Of Moses, "And the LORD passed before his face" (Exodus 34:6), and of Elijah, "And behold, the LORD was passing" (1 Kings 19:11). Of Moses, "And he heard the voice" (Numbers 7:89), and of Elijah, "And behold, a voice came to him, etc." (1 Kings 19:13). Moses gathered Israel to Mount Sinai, and Elijah gathered them to Mount Carmel. Moses burned away idol-worshippers: "Put each man his sword on his thigh, etc." (Exodus 32:27), and Elijah burned away idolatry, seizing the prophets of Baal and slaughtering them. Moses was zealous: "Whoever is for the LORD, to me!" (Exodus 32:26), and Elijah was zealous: "And Elijah said to all the people, Come near to me, I pray" (1 Kings 18:30). Moses was hidden in a cave: "And I will put you in a cleft of the rock" (Exodus 33:22), and Elijah was hidden in a cave and lodged there, as it is written, "And he came to the cave and lodged there" (1 Kings 19:9). Of Moses, "And he came to the mountain of God" (Exodus 3:1), and of Elijah, "And he came to the mountain of God" (1 Kings 19:8). Moses came to the wilderness, and Elijah came to the wilderness: "And he himself went into the wilderness" (1 Kings 19:4). Moses conversed with Him by means of an angel: "And the angel of the LORD appeared to him" (Exodus 3:2), and Elijah by means of an angel: "And behold, this angel" (1 Kings 19:5). Moses tarried forty days and forty nights without eating and without drinking, and likewise Elijah went in the strength of that food forty days. Moses stayed the wheel of the sun: "This day I will begin to put the dread of you, etc." (Deuteronomy 2:25), and Elijah stayed the wheel of the sun: "This day let it be known that You are God in Israel" (1 Kings 18:36). Moses prayed for Israel: "Do not destroy Your people and Your inheritance" (Deuteronomy 9:26), and Elijah prayed for Israel: "Answer me, O LORD, answer me, etc.; and You have turned, etc." (1 Kings 18:37). Moses, when he prayed for Israel, grasped the merit of the fathers: "Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel" (Exodus 32:13), and likewise Elijah: "O LORD, God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel" (1 Kings 18:36). Through Moses, Israel accepted upon themselves the love of the Omnipresent: "All that the LORD has spoken we will do and obey" (Exodus 24:7), and through Elijah they accepted the love of the Omnipresent, as it is said, "The LORD, He is God" (1 Kings 18:39). Moses made a Tabernacle within an area of two se'ah of sowing, and Elijah made a trench (deksomeni - meaning a channel) within an area of two se'ah of sowing. In one matter we find Moses greater than Elijah: that of Moses it was said, "And as for you, stand here with Me" (Deuteronomy 5:28), but of Elijah, "What are you doing here, Elijah?" (1 Kings 19:9). Moses brought down the fire, and Elijah brought down the fire. Moses, when he brought down the fire, all Israel were standing and seeing it: "And all the people saw and shouted" (Leviticus 9:24); [and Elijah: "And all the people saw and fell on their faces"] (1 Kings 18:39). Moses built an altar, and Elijah built an altar. Moses called the altar by the name of the LORD: "And he called its name, the LORD is my banner" (Exodus 17:15), and Elijah named his altar 'the LORD': "And he set up the stones in the name of the LORD" (1 Kings 18:32). Moses, when he built the altar, built it of twelve stones, as it is said, "And Elijah took twelve stones, etc." ["And Elijah took twelve stones, etc."] This is what Scripture says: "The heavens are My throne, and the earth is My footstool" (Isaiah 66:1). At the end of Isaiah's prophecy he prophesied this verse. And when did he prophesy it? In the days of Manasseh; for when Manasseh brought the image into the Sanctuary, Isaiah began to prophesy to Israel and said to them, "Why do you boast to Me of this House you built for Me? The upper and the lower realms cannot contain My glory, and this House you built for Me - I need it? 'Where is the house that you would build for Me?' (Isaiah 66:1). Behold, Nebuchadnezzar will go up and destroy it and exile you." Immediately Manasseh grew angry at him and said to them, "Seize him!" They ran after him to seize him; he fled before them; the carob tree gaped open and swallowed him. Rabbi Yitzchak son of Rabbi Chanina son of Pappa son of Rabbi Yitzchak said: And he brought carpenters and sawed the carob tree, and the blood was trickling out - this is what is written, "And also innocent blood Manasseh shed very much, until he had filled Jerusalem from end to end" (2 Kings 21:16). Is it possible to say this? Rather, he killed Isaiah, who was equal to Moses, who was spoken with mouth to mouth, as it is written, "Mouth to mouth I speak with him" (Numbers 12:8). Isaiah began to reprove them: "The heavens are My throne and the earth is My footstool, and this House that will be built - do not think it is built for your sake, but for the sake of others." And for whose sake is it built? Rabbi Yehuda Halevi son of Rabbi Shalom says: for the sake of the Torah, and that is what he says, "Where is the house that you would build for Me?" And for the sake of what is it built? For the sake of "All these My hand has made" (Isaiah 66:2) - for the sake of the Torah: "These are the statutes and the ordinances and the laws" (Leviticus 26:46). And Rabbi Yehoshua the Priest son of Rabbi Nechemiah says: for the sake of the tribes - "All these are the tribes of Israel" (Genesis 49:28). When Elijah saw the power of the merit of the tribes - that Israel did not even merit that the Temple be built for them except by the merit of the tribes - when he came to Mount Carmel to bring Israel near beneath the wings of the Shekhinah, he took twelve stones according to the number of the tribes and built them into an altar, [as it is said,] "And Elijah took twelve stones."

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Pesikta DeRav Kahana 12:3Pesikta de-Rav Kahana

Translation of the source text.Pesikta de Rav Kahana according to an Oxford manuscript, Dov Mandelbaum ed., N.Y. 1987 · CC-BY

Rabbi Isaac opened: "Sustain me with raisin-cakes, refresh me with apples, for I am sick with love" (Song of Songs 2:5). "Sustain me with cakes [ashishot]" means with two fires [ishot]: with the fire of Abraham and with the fire of Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah. Another interpretation: "Sustain me with fires" means with two fires, with the fire of Moriah and with the fire of the bush. Another interpretation: "Sustain me with cakes" refers to the well-established laws. "Refresh me with apples" refers to the words of Torah, whose fragrance is good as apples. "For I am sick with love." Rabbi Isaac said: Formerly, when the coin was readily found, a person would crave a word of Mishnah and a word of Talmud; but now that the coin is not readily found, and especially since we are sick from the kingdoms, a person craves to hear a word of Scripture and a word of Aggadah. Another interpretation: "For I am sick with love." Rabbi Levi said: It is like a king's son who rose from his illness. His tutor said, "Let him go off to school." The king said, "The radiance of my son has not yet returned from his illness, and he is to go off to school? Rather, let my son be indulged two or three months with food and drink, and afterward he will go off to school." So too, when Israel went out from Egypt, they were fit to receive the Torah, but there were among them those with blemishes from the bondage of mortar and bricks. The Holy One, blessed be He, said: The radiance of My children has not yet returned from the bondage of mortar and bricks, and they are to receive the Torah? Rather, let My children be indulged two or three months with the well and the manna and the quail, and afterward they will receive the Torah. When? "In the third month" (Exodus 19:1).

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