Parshat Ki Tisa5 min read

Ha-Satan Showed a Bier and the Camp Broke

At the sixth hour of the fortieth day, Ha-Satan (the Accuser) painted Moses dead on the mountain. Hur rebuked the mob and fell, and Aaron faced gold with.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Hur Spoke and the Mob Answered With Blood
  2. Get Thee Down, and the Court Above
  3. Tablets of Sapphire and the Moment Writing Fled
  4. After the Bier Image, a Second Ascent

Forty days on the mountain. At the sixth hour of the last day, the camp's patience snapped like dry cord. Aaron and Hur said Moses was descending. The crowd did not listen. Among the mixed multitude that had left Egypt were Jannes and Jambres, magicians who had once matched signs for Pharaoh. They gathered pressure around Aaron until pressure became riot.

Ha-Satan Showed a Bier and the Camp Broke Click for full size

Some say Ha-Satan, the Accuser who works at the edge of human failure, rose and showed them the likeness of Moses's bier on the mountain. The image did what hunger and fear could not finish alone. "This man Moses," they said, speaking of him as of the dead. The leader became a corpse in their eyes before any grave was dug.

Hur Spoke and the Mob Answered With Blood

Hur stepped forward and rebuked them. They turned on him and slew him. Aaron saw the blood of a righteous man and terror entered his bones. He tried to occupy them with other matters. They cried for a god they could see. He told them to break off the gold rings from their wives' ears, hoping the women who had watched miracles in Egypt and at the sea would refuse. The women refused the idol. The men did not listen. Scripture says the people broke the rings from their own ears. The gold that should have stayed in married houses poured into a fire.

Aaron lifted his eyes and said he did this unwillingly before the One who knows thoughts. Magicians worked their arts. Some say Micah cast into the furnace things tied to older signs until a calf came forth leaping. The people cried that this was their god. Guardian angels mourned that Israel had forgotten the Savior who did great things in Egypt.

Aaron delayed the feast until tomorrow, buying hours with a proclamation. Heaven still saw the exchange of glory for an ox that eats grass.

Get Thee Down, and the Court Above

Heaven spoke to Moses with a verb of descent that the sages hear as excommunication. "Go, get thee down." As Judah once "went down" from his brothers under the weight of their ban, so Moses felt the cold of a heavenly court that had set him outside for the people's corruption. He asked wherein he was guilty. "Your people have dealt corruptly," came the answer. "My people?" Moses shot back. "They are Your people and Your inheritance." He would not accept a divorce of ownership while he still stood between them and wrath.

They had answered with one voice that they would do all the words, then rose to make merry in ways the midrash reads as blood and lust as well as idol metal. Promise without rain, the proverb says. The desert generation had boasted a gift it did not keep.

Tablets of Sapphire and the Moment Writing Fled

The first tablets were not quarry stone of ordinary hills. Rabbi Tachanah taught they were the handicraft of the Holy One, writing of old graven upon them, and cheruth, liberty, hiding inside the letters of charuth, graven. When Moses came down and saw the calf, he broke them. Some say the writing flew upward and the stone grew heavy in his hands until it fell. Some say he reasoned that if one pesach command bars an idolater, the whole Torah cannot be handed to a camp dancing around gold. Some say Heaven itself told him to break.

When reconciliation came, Moses had to hew the second set. A quarry of sapphires appeared in his tent. He cut tables like the first and climbed again, forty days without bread, learning Written Law by day and Oral Law by night, a disciple before the Teacher until his face and his burden were remade.

After the Bier Image, a Second Ascent

The Accuser's bier-image was a lie with just enough shape to kill Hur and bend Aaron. It did not kill the covenant. Moses shattered stone rather than deliver living words into a feast of rebellion, then spent himself in corners of prayer until Heaven yielded a second carving. The camp that had murdered a rebuker and melted earrings into a leaping idol was given law again, not because it deserved the sapphire light, but because Moses refused to let "your people" become a phrase that stranded them without an intercessor.

He prostrated in every corner he could find until reconciliation opened a path. The second ascent was heavier than the first. It always is, when the first gifts lie broken and the people who needed them have blood on their hands. Liberty was still in the letters. The second tablets still had to be carried down a mountain that had already seen a bier that was not real and a death that was.

No later summary could replace the heat of the first telling, when names still tasted like dust and fear.


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The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Tisa 19Midrash Tanchuma

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Townsend 1989 translation of Midrash Tanhuma, S. Buber Recension · CC-BY

And when the people saw that Moses delayed to come down (Exod. 32:1). The word boshesh (“delayed”) indicates that it was the sixth hour of the day. Forty thousand people had assembled to leave Egypt with the Israelites, and among them were two Egyptians named Jannes and Jambres, who had performed magical feats for Pharaoh, as it is written: And the magicians of Egypt in like manner with their arts (Exod. 7:22). All of them gathered about Aaron, as is said: And the people gathered themselves together unto Aaron and said (ibid. 32:11).

When Moses failed to return by the fortieth day and the sixth hour of that day, Aaron and Hur told them: “He is now descending the mountain,” (but) they did not pay attention. Some say that Satan arose and showed them the likeness of his bier on the mountain, and that is why they said: For this man Moses (ibid., v. 1). Then Hur stepped forward and rebuked them. Forthwith they turned against him and slew him. When Aaron witnessed this he became terrified and sought to occupy them with other matters. But they cried out: Up, make us a god (ibid.). All that they demanded was known to the Holy One Who Spoke and the World Came into Being.

Aaron said unto them: Break off the golden rings, which are in the ears of your wives (ibid., v. 2). Aaron told them to do this difficult thing because (he was aware that) the women would not agree to it. They had seen the miracles and the deeds that the Holy One, blessed be He, had wrought for them in Egypt, and what had transpired at the Red Sea and at Sinai, and so they went to the men and said: God forbid that we should renounce the Holy One, blessed be He, who has performed all these miracles and mighty deeds in our behalf, in order to fashion an idol. The men, however, refused to listen to them: And all the people broke off the golden rings which were in their ears (ibid., v. 3). It does not say “in their wives’ ears” but rather in their ears.

R. Jeremiah maintained that when they brought their earrings to him, Aaron raised his eyes heavenward and declared: Unto Thee I lift mine eyes, O thou that art enthroned in the heavens (Ps. 123:1). You who know all thoughts are aware that I do this unwillingly. He tossed their earrings into the fire, and the magicians approached and performed magical feats. Some say that Micah ground the bricks that Moses had saved into the mixture, and that he took the tablet which Moses had written upon when he raised Joseph’s coffin out of the Nile and cast them into the smelting furnace amidst the earrings. Then the calf came forth leaping. As it leaped about, the people began to cry out: This is thy god, O Israel. The guardian angels then began to proclaim: They forgot God, their savior, who had done great things in Egypt (Ps. 106:21).

What did Aaron do then? He said: Let the celebration be delayed until tomorrow, as it is said: And Aaron made proclamation and said: “Tomorrow shall be a feast to the Lord (Exod. 32:5). Whereupon the Holy Spirit called out: Hasten, descend, they have forgotten what I did for them. The Holy One, blessed be He, said: In this world they have sinned because of the evil inclination within them, but in the time-to-come I will remove it from them, as is said: And I will take away the strong heart of your flesh (Exod. 36:26).

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Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Tisa 22Midrash Tanchuma

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Townsend 1989 translation of Midrash Tanhuma, S. Buber Recension · CC-BY

Go, get thee down (Exod. 32:7). The sages said: Moses was actually excommunicated by the heavenly court at that time. Here it is said: Get thee down (red) as a rebuke, for the people had dealt corruptly, and elsewhere it is said: And Judah went down (vayered) from his brethren (Gen. 38:1). What is written preceding that? And all his sons and all his daughters rose up to comfort him (ibid. 37:35). But when he remained uncomforted they arose and excommunicated Judah. They said: “When you told us: ‘Come and let us sell him,’ we listened to you, but if you had told us: ‘Come, let us take him back,’ we would have listened to you. You are responsible for our father’s grief.” That is why they excommunicated him. Hence the word red (“get thee down”) implies excommunication.

Thereupon Moses stood before the Holy One, blessed be He, and asked: “Wherein am I guilty?” He replied: “Your people have dealt corruptly.” “My people,” Moses responded; “they are Your people and Your inheritance which You did redeem with Your own power. But what is their sin?” The Holy One, blessed be He, replied: “They exchanged their glory for the likeness of an ox that eateth.” Whereupon Moses said: “Master of the Universe, are You indeed jealous of an ox? Is he Your helper? After all, the ox is powerless; it merely eats grass and then is slaughtered. Lord, why doth Thy wrath wax against thy people? (Exod. 32:11).” He replied: “Is it honoring Me when they prostrate themselves before it and offer sacrifices to it? I have watched this people, and it is a stiff-necked people. Now therefore let Me alone, that My wrath may wax hot (ibid., vv. 9–10).” From this verse you may infer that the Holy One, blessed be He, is suggesting to Moses that he should plead for mercy in their behalf, since it is said: And I will make of thee a great nation (ibid., v. 10).

And I will make of thee a great nation, and it shall be mighty. He said to Him: If the merit of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob cannot assuage Your anger, how can my merit sustain (my descendants)? Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob and forget about me, lest it happen as the Egyptians said: For evil did he bring them forth (Ibid., v. 12).

Turn from Thy fierce anger (ibid.); Satan continued to contend against them on high. What did Moses do? He closed the breach through which Satan had entered to press his argument against Israel, as it is said: Had not Moses His servant stood before in the breach (Ps. 106:23). And God had mercy upon them. Therefore the prophet cried out: Who is God like unto Thee, that pardoneth the iniquity, and passeth by the transgression? (Mic. 7:18).

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Midrash Tanchuma, Ki Tisa 30Midrash Tanchuma

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Townsend 1989 translation of Midrash Tanhuma, S. Buber Recension · CC-BY

Hew these two tablets of stone (Exod. 34:1). Scripture states elsewhere in allusion to this verse: The wrath of a king is as messengers of death; but a wise man will pacify it (Prov. 16:14). The wrath of a king is as messengers of death alludes to the Holy One, blessed be He. After the people had made the golden calf the demons attacked Moses. He pleaded for mercy, recalling the merit of the patriarchs and they departed from him. When he broke the tablets his anger diminished. What did Moses witness that compelled him to break the tablets? It may be compared to a king who travels abroad while his wife remains at home with the servants. Because she was alone with them, rumors began to circulate concerning her behavior. The king heard them, and when he returned home, he wanted to kill her. His advisor learned this and tore up her marriage certificate. He said: “If the king should say, my wife has done such and such, we can reply, she is no longer your wife.” The king inquired about her and found that she had done nothing wrong. Only the maidservants had acted shamefully. He became reconciled with her immediately. His advisor then said to him: “Master, write another marriage contract, since the first one was torn up.” “You tore it up,” the king replied, “so now you must bring the parchment and I will write the document with my own hand.” So too here. When the Israelites made the calf, the Holy One, blessed be He, felt the same way. He said to Moses: Go, get thee down, for thy people have dealt corruptly. Whereupon he replied: They are Your people and Your inheritance. Then the Holy One, blessed be He, said to Moses: This act proves that The ox knoweth his owner (Isa. 1:3). The Holy One, blessed be He, said to the calf: Who made you? The calf answered: The mixed multitude that departed from Egypt with the Israelites, for it is written about them: Whose flesh is as the flesh of asses (Ezek. 23:20). Then the Holy One, blessed be He, said: Did I not tell you: Go, get thee down, for thy people that thou broughtest up out of the land of Egypt have dealt corruptly (Exod. 32:7) and have made the golden calf. My people did not do it, as it is said: But Israel doth not know, My people doth not consider (Isa. 1:3). Immediately Moses arose and pleaded in their defense: O Lord God, destroy not Thy people and Thine inheritance that Thou hast redeemed through Thy greatness (Deut. 9:26). And he went ahead and broke the tablets. When the Holy One, blessed be He, became reconciled, He told him: Go, hew these two tablets of stone.

Why did he shatter them? R. Ishmael said: Moses arrived at his decision through an argument ad minorem. Since the paschal sacrifice, which is but one commandment, was not permitted to idolaters, as it is written: There shall no alien eat thereof (Exod. 12:43), how much more so would it not be fitting to give the entire law to idolaters! That is why he broke them.

R. Akiba stated: The Holy One, blessed be He, told him to break them. Our sages were of the opinion that while the writing was on the tablets Moses did not feel their weight, but when the writing flew away, they became heavy in his hands and he dropped them and they were broken. Another explanation of why he broke them. When Moses saw that they were doomed, he sought a pretext through which to save them. He said: It is written on the tablets that he who sacrifices to gods will be excommunicated, and so, I will break them and say to the Holy One, blessed be He: Until now they did not know the punishment for idolatry. If they had, they would not have done it.

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Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 46:3Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Pirke de Rabbi Eliezer, trans. Rabbi Gerald Friedlander, London (1916) · CC-BY

Rabbi Tachanah, quoted in Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer (chapter 46), gives us a fascinating glimpse behind the curtain. He says the tablets weren't some earthly creation, dug up from the ground. Oh no, they were celestial, "the handicraft of the Holy One, blessed be He," as it says in (Exodus 32:16), "And the tables, the work of God were they."

These weren't just any old slabs of rock; they were ancient, primordial, and the writing itself? Divine. It was "the writing which was of old, 'graven upon the tables.'" But Rabbi Tachanah suggests a little wordplay. Instead of reading Charuth, which means "graven," we should read Chêruth, meaning "liberty." The letters are the same, but the meaning is radically different. So, are the commandments literally etched in stone? Or are they about something more profound – the freedom that comes from following God's law? Now, you might be saying, "Wait a minute! Didn't Moses have to re-make the tablets after he smashed the first set in anger?" (Exodus 34:1) And that's true. So where did those come from? The text continues, when God told Moses, "Hew thee two tables of stone like unto the first," (Exodus 34:1) a quarry of sapphires magically appeared inside Moses' tent! Right there, in the middle of the Israelite camp, a shimmering vein of precious stone. Moses then cut the tablets from this sapphire source, as it says, "And he hewed two tables of stone like unto the first" (Exodus 34:4).

So, picture Moses descending from the mountain, not once, but twice, carrying these incredible sapphire tablets, literally glowing with divine light. But the story doesn’t end there.

Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer goes on to say that Moses spent forty days on the mountain, sitting before God like a talmid, a disciple before his teacher. He was reviewing the Torah Shebichtav, the Written Law, and repeating the Torah Sheba’al Peh, the Oral Law – all the interpretations and traditions that flesh out the written word. It's a beautiful image of learning, of devotion, and of the ongoing conversation between God and humanity.

What does this all mean? Perhaps it's about the enduring power of the commandments, their heavenly origin suggesting a timeless truth. Maybe it's about the importance of interpretation, of understanding not just the letters of the law, but the spirit behind them. Or maybe it’s simply a reminder that even the most sacred things are sometimes fragile, requiring us to recreate and recommit ourselves to them, time and time again.

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