Parshat Haazinu6 min read

Honey From the Rock Until the Wine Turned to Serpent Venom

God fed Israel honey pressed from bare rock and oil from flint. Then the nations poured a cup, and the wine moved in them like a serpent.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Feast on the High Places
  2. The Cup the Nations Poured
  3. Moses Holds Up the Bent Staff
  4. The Sword in the Market and the Fright in the Chambers
  5. The King Turned Back at the Grave
Honey From the Rock Until the Wine Turned to Serpent Venom Click for full size

The Feast on the High Places

The rock had no seam in it and nothing green growing out of its side, and Israel set its mouth against the stone and drank honey.

The high places ran on above them, ridge after ridge, and they rode the crests and ate the shoots of the field as they went. There were four shoots and each one was an exile. They chewed what was put in front of them.

Then oil out of flint, running down their chins.

The boar came up out of the forest while they were still eating. It went through the vineyard shoulder first, tearing vines out by the root, and the crawling thing of the field came behind and fed on what was left standing. Israel stayed on the heights with honey still on its mouth.

After the boar came men. They took Eretz Yisrael field by field and held it, and when Israel went and asked them for one perutah (פרוטה), the smallest coin there is, it was like clamping a press onto flint and waiting for oil.

The Cup the Nations Poured

The strangers had wine and they poured it generously.

The vines were out of Sodom and the planting was out of Gomorrah, and the clusters hung bitter on them. A man who drank went warm on the first swallow. On the second the wine moved in him, low and unhurried, the way a thing moves under dry leaves.

Their great ones had learned the craft from the first serpent, the one that stood in the garden and talked Adam and Eve out of the single tree forbidden them, and nothing had been lost on the way down. When those great ones came out to be seen, the dread of them went ahead like a shadow crossing a nest.

The venom was not only in the strangers' cup.

Among Israel the careful men carried it, the moderate ones, the fearers of sin. The heads of the people, the men who took the front seats in the assembly, would turn one day on those who trusted them and strike like cruel asps.

Moses Holds Up the Bent Staff

Moses stood in front of them and called them a crooked and twisted generation.

He gave them the staff to look at. A man carries a bent cane into a workshop and lays it on the bench, and the craftsman warms it and works the crookedness with his hands. Sometimes the wood comes. Sometimes it will not, and he sets it in the press and leans his weight in until the frame creaks. If the press fails he takes up the adze and cuts the bend out in chips.

If the adze fails, he does not argue with the wood. He carries it to the fire.

Generations later the sentence came out of Ezekiel's mouth in the order the craftsman had used his tools. "I will place you in the hands of brutish men, artisans of destruction," he said. "You will be consigned to the flames."

The Sword in the Market and the Fright in the Chambers

The sword came into the marketplace at the hour when the stalls were fullest.

Tables went over, oil jars broke and ran between the stones, and people got out through the alleys. One man stood in the open with the road clear in front of him. He could have gone. He stayed where he was, hands hanging at his sides, and the fright got into him and finished him standing up, and no blade came near him.

The altars had gone up in the thoroughfares where anybody walking to the well could count them, and Jeremiah counted them. "For as the number of your cities was the number of your gods, O Judah," he said, "and as the number of the streets of Jerusalem have you made altars to the shame, altars to sacrifice to the ba'al."

The chambers were the other half.

Behind bolted doors, in rooms with no window onto the street, each elder of the house of Israel sat in his own chamber of pictures and did in the dark what he would not do in the road. They said it to one another and believed it. "The Lord does not see us. The Lord has left the land."

The doors held. The fright came in anyway and did to them sitting there what it had done to the man in the market.

The King Turned Back at the Grave

A king came into his province with a list of names.

He had been wronged there years before and had come to collect. He went house to house with the list, and at the third door they told him what he had not planned for. The men were dead, and the third of them had been dead the longest.

He sat his horse in the road. Then he turned the animal around and rode home, because a king's arm reaches exactly as far as a man's life and not one hour past it.

"I live forever," God said.

The measure of the Holy One is not the measure of man. What is not exacted from the living is exacted from the dead. What is not exacted in this world is exacted in the world to come. Dying carries a man out of the province and does not carry him out of reach.

"When I whet the flash of My sword," He said, "My hand takes hold of justice."

The stroke goes out quick as light off a turned blade, and for all its speed it lands where it was aimed and nowhere beside it. The men who held the land and could not be made to give up one perutah will have their storehouses opened, and what comes out will go down sweet, like honey and like oil out of the rock.


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The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Sifrei Devarim 317:4Sifrei Devarim

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sifrei by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein · CC-BY

Sifrei Devarim turns to Honey From the Rock and Oil From the Flint.

The verse in question says, "He made him ride on the high places of the earth, and he ate the shoots of the field; and He gave him to suck honey from the rock, and oil from the flint of the rock." Sounds beautiful. Poetic, even. But what does it mean?

The Sifrei Devarim doesn't take things at face value. It sees this "riding on the high places" as a reference to this world, our earthly existence. But what about "eating the shoots of the field?" Ah, that’s where things get interesting. According to this interpretation, it symbolizes the four exiles that the Jewish people have endured throughout history.

Then we have the sweet stuff: “He gave him to suck honey from the rock. A paradox. But the Sifrei Devarim finds a parallel in Psalms, specifically (Psalm 80:14), which speaks of "the boar of the forest ravages it." The "it" in this verse, the commentary suggests, is Israel. It's a stark reminder of the challenges and tribulations faced by the Jewish people throughout time.

But the imagery doesn't stop there. We also get "oil from the flint of the rock." Here, the Sifrei Devarim points to the "oppressors," those who have seized Eretz Yisrael, the Land of Israel. It suggests that extracting even the smallest coin (a perutah) from them is as difficult as drawing oil from solid rock. It even connects this to another part of Psalm 80, verse 13, which mentions "the crawler of the field feeds on it," further emphasizing the vulnerability and the exploitation.

So, where's the hope in all this? Because Jewish tradition always holds space for hope.

The Sifrei Devarim concludes with a powerful vision: In the future, Israel will inherit the possessions of these oppressors. And this inheritance, the commentary assures us, will be as sweet as honey and oil. A complete reversal of fortune, a restoration of justice.

What's so striking about this interpretation is how it weaves together past suffering and future redemption. It acknowledges the hardships, the exiles, the oppression – but it doesn't leave us there. It paints a picture of ultimate triumph, of a future where what was once bitter becomes sweet. It takes ancient words and makes them speak to the enduring resilience of a people. It suggests that even the most barren rock can yield sweetness, if we hold onto hope.

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Sifrei Devarim 323:13Sifrei Devarim

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sifrei by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein · CC-BY

They found a pretty startling image to describe it. Imagine this: wine, normally a symbol of joy and celebration, transformed into venom.

That's the core of an unsettling passage in Sifrei Devarim 323, a rabbinic commentary on the Book of Deuteronomy. It grapples with the verse, "the venom of snakes is their wine." It paints a picture of something fundamentally good, even necessary, becoming corrupted and harmful.

Who are these “snakes”? The text offers a couple of possibilities, each as chilling as the last.

One interpretation focuses on those within the community. It suggests that even the "moderate" ones, the "fearers of sin" among us, can inflict harm. Their "venom," the text warns, will be as that of snakes. And the "cruel gall ('rosh') of asps"? That’s not some abstract threat; it’s your heads ('roshim') that will be like cruel asps to you. Ouch. That hits hard. The people you trust, the leaders you look up to… they could be the source of the poison.

But the passage doesn't stop there. Rabbi Nechemiah offers a different, even broader interpretation. He connects the venomous wine to the nations, specifically linking them to the "wine of Sodom and of the planting of Amorah." In other words, they are inheritors of ancient wickedness, "disciples of the primal serpent, who deceived Adam and Eve."

Now, this is powerful stuff. We're talking about the first transgression, the very root of human fallibility. And Rabbi Nechemiah is suggesting that certain nations are still under its sway, their actions tainted by that ancient deception.

The text continues, "Bitter clusters are theirs." Here, the commentary gets even more specific: "Your (the nations') great ones – their fear hangs over them (the Jews) as (the venom of) a snake." The word "eshkol," usually meaning a cluster of grapes, is interpreted here as connoting "greatness," referencing (Micah 7:1-2), "There is no eshkol to eat." So, these "great ones," these leaders of other nations, wield their power like a venomous snake, casting a shadow of fear over the Jewish people.

So what are we left with? A disturbing image, to be sure. Whether it’s a warning about internal corruption or external threats, the message is clear: be wary of those who seem to offer sustenance, for they may be carrying venom.

It begs the question: how do we discern true nourishment from poison? How do we protect ourselves from those who would use their power to inflict harm, whether intentionally or not?

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Sifrei Devarim 308:3Sifrei Devarim

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sifrei by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein · CC-BY

The ancient rabbis certainly understood that feeling. And they weren't afraid to address it head-on.

In Sifrei Devarim, a collection of early rabbinic legal commentaries on the Book of Deuteronomy, we find a rather… direct assessment of the Israelites. Moses, no less, declares them "a crooked and twisted generation." Ouch.

Why such harsh words? Was it just tough love? Or something deeper?

The text doesn't leave us hanging. It offers an analogy, a little parable, to help us understand. They take it to a craftsman, someone skilled at working with wood, hoping they can fix it.

The craftsman tries to repair it by hand, gently coaxing it back into shape. Maybe that works. But maybe the wood is too stubborn. So, the craftsman tries a press, applying more force to straighten it out. Still no luck? Then it's on to the adze, a cutting tool, to reshape it entirely.

And if even that fails? Well… then the staff is consigned to the flames. It’s firewood.

Grim. The Sifrei Devarim immediately connects this to a verse from the prophet Ezekiel (21:36-37): "I will place you in the hands of brutish men, artisans of destruction. You will be consigned to the flames!" The threat is clear. If the Israelites are too crooked, too twisted, they face destruction.

So, what are we to make of this fiery image? Is it a condemnation? A threat? Perhaps. But maybe it’s also a challenge. The craftsman doesn’t start with the fire. They try everything else first. They work with their hands. They use gentle pressure. They reshape when necessary. The fire is the absolute last resort.

Maybe, just maybe, this isn't just about punishment. Maybe it's about the effort required to become straight, to become whole. It's about the constant work of self-improvement, of teshuva (repentance and return). Because even when we're crooked, even when we're twisted, there's still hope for repair. There's still a chance to be reshaped, to become something strong and true.

The question, then, isn't whether we're crooked. It's what we – and the Divine craftsman – are willing to do about it.

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Sifrei Devarim 321:12Sifrei Devarim

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sifrei by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein · CC-BY

The ancient text of Sifrei Devarim, a commentary on the Book of Deuteronomy, uses just such a feeling to illustrate a terrifying point.

The passage What does that actually mean? It's more than just being scared, apparently. The text paints a vivid picture: imagine a sword entering the marketplace. Chaos erupts. People flee. And if someone could escape, but hesitates, the sheer terror, the "fright" itself, would overwhelm them. It would literally kill them. It's not the sword that does them in, but the paralyzing fear.

There's another layer to this interpretation, a moral one tied to the people's actions. The text offers a variation: "On the outside the sword shall devour." Why? Because of the idolatry practiced openly, in the thoroughfares. The commentary then quotes (Jeremiah 11:13): "For (as) the number of your cities was (the number of) your gods, O Judah, and (as) the number of streets in Jerusalem have you made altars to the shame, altars to sacrifice to the ba'al." It's a powerful image of widespread transgression. Public displays of idolatry become the catalyst for destruction.

What about "in the chambers, fright?" This relates to what people do in secret, in their hidden places. The commentary brings in (Ezekiel 8:12): "what the elders of the house of Israel do in the darkness … For they say: 'The L-rd does not see us; the L-rd has left the land.'"

So, we have this stark contrast: public idolatry, leading to destruction by the sword; and secret, hidden transgressions, leading to… what? To that same overwhelming fright, that paralyzing fear.

The implication is chilling. The fear isn't just a consequence of external threats. It's a direct result of internal corruption, of actions done in darkness, of the belief that one can hide from divine judgment. It's the weight of guilt and the knowledge of wrongdoing manifesting as a mortal fear.

What are we to take away from this? Perhaps it's a reminder that our actions, both public and private, have consequences. And that even if we think we can hide our misdeeds, they ultimately manifest within us, creating a "fright" that can be as destructive as any external force. It’s a potent message about integrity, about living a life that doesn’t necessitate hiding in the shadows, consumed by fear. It's a call to examine not just what we do, but why we do it, and to confront the darkness within before it consumes us.

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Sifrei Devarim 331:1Sifrei Devarim

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sifrei by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein · CC-BY

We mortals are bound by seconds, minutes, years. But what about the Holy One, Blessed be He? The Sifrei Devarim offers a glimpse into this very question, revealing a profound difference between divine and human justice. If he can find the guilty among the living, he'll exact his due. But if the wrongdoers are gone, passed on from this world? The matter is closed. Human justice, bound by the limitations of life, can only reach so far.

In Sifrei Devarim, God's justice transcends those earthly constraints. "I said: I live forever," referencing the verse in Bamidbar (Numbers) 14:21, suggests an infinite scope. The text emphasizes: "For not as the measure of the Holy One Blessed be He is the measure of man." It’s a powerful statement about the limitless nature of divine retribution.

What does that truly mean? It means that if justice isn't served in this lifetime, it will be served. "If He does not exact it from the living, He exacts it from the dead. If He does not exact it in this world, He exacts it in the world to come. It speaks to the ultimate accountability, the idea that no action, no deed, goes unnoticed in the grand cosmic scheme.

Then there's this image: "When I whet the flash of My sword." A powerful metaphor! The Sifrei Devarim uses it to describe how punishment goes forth from before God. It's described as swift, as quick as a flash of light. But here's the kicker: despite its speed, it's precise. “My hand takes hold of justice.” Even in the swiftness of divine judgment, there is perfect accuracy, unwavering fairness.

This passage isn't just about punishment, though. It's about the enduring nature of justice itself. It's about a system that operates beyond our limited understanding of time and space. And it offers a strange comfort, too, in knowing that ultimate justice, however long it takes, will ultimately prevail.

What do you make of that? Does this concept of timeless, all-encompassing justice inspire you? Does it frighten you? Perhaps it does a little of both. It’s a weighty idea, one that invites us to contemplate our place in the universe and the impact of our choices, seen and unseen, now and forever.

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