Parshat Chayei Sarah5 min read

Isaac and Ishmael Buried Their Father Together

Ishmael was the older son. When Abraham died, the Torah listed Isaac's name first. The rabbis read that as Ishmael stepping back.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Old Man Who Would Not Get Down From the Camel
  2. The Second Wife and the Bread
  3. The Well Where Hagar Was Living
  4. Thirty-Eight Years and the Same Hands
  5. Who Went In First
Isaac and Ishmael Buried Their Father Together Click for full size

The Old Man Who Would Not Get Down From the Camel

Abraham rode out into the wilderness at his age to look at his son's face, and when he got there the son was out hunting. He had sworn to Sarah that he would not get down at Ishmael's tent, so he stayed up on the camel in the noon heat and asked the woman in the doorway for bread and water.

She said there was none. There were children around her knees and she was cursing at them while she said it, and she had things to say about her husband too, none of them good, to a stranger she had never seen before. Abraham did not tell her whose father he was.

He left her a message instead. When Ishmael comes back, tell him an old man from the land of the Philistines was here, and tell him the tent pin he has set in the ground is the wrong one, and he should pull it out and put in another.

Ishmael came home and heard the message and understood every word of it, because there was only one man alive who would send him a sentence built like that. He divorced her.

The Second Wife and the Bread

Years later Abraham made the ride again. Ishmael was out hunting again, and again a woman came to the tent door, but this one took hold of the camel's bridle and told the old man to come in out of the sun. She brought bread. She brought water. He came down and ate and blessed the house before he left.

The message he left this time was that the tent pin was good and Ishmael should leave it where it stood. Ishmael got home, heard it, and praised God in his own tent. Then he loaded his wife and his children and everything he owned and moved the household back to the land of the Philistines to live near his father, and only then did Abraham tell him what the first message had been about.

The Well Where Hagar Was Living

Isaac was the one who went and got Hagar.

After Sarah died he rode out to Beer-lahai-roi, the well of the Living One who sees me, which had been Hagar's well since the day she ran from the camp, and he brought her back to his father. She was called Keturah by then. Abraham took her again and she bore him six more sons in his last years, so the family that had been cut apart in that tent with the bread and the water put itself back together late and in the wrong order, with nothing explained to anybody.

Ishmael was alive for all of it. His mother was sleeping in his father's camp again because his younger brother had gone out to the well and fetched her.

Thirty-Eight Years and the Same Hands

Abraham died at a hundred and seventy-five, and they carried him down to Machpelah, the cave in the field he had bought from the sons of Heth, where Sarah had been lying for thirty-eight years. Rabbi Tanchuma counted that gap, and he counted it to say something about the people walking behind the bier: the same hands that had done the work for Sarah were the hands that got to do it for Abraham. Nobody had let the cave go untended in the interval.

Shem and Ever walked in front of the body. They knew the inside of that cave, so they went ahead into the dark and found the chamber that had been left open beside Sarah, and that was where he went.

Who Went In First

At the mouth of the cave the two sons stood together with their father between them, and the older one had the right of it. Ishmael was the firstborn by more than thirteen years. Every custom in that country put his name and his foot ahead of Isaac's, and no one at that burial would have said a word if he had taken the place.

He looked at his brother. He had spent a lifetime with a claim in his hands that had been stripped off him once already, and here it was back, and this time nobody was reaching for it. He stepped aside and let Isaac go in first.

That is all of it. No speech, no embrace, no explanation, and nobody asked him afterward what he had meant by it. What survived was the order of two names in the verse: Isaac and Ishmael his sons buried him. The younger in front. The sages read that inversion as the confession Ishmael never made in words, and they called it teshuvah, the same word used for a whole nation turning around.

Decades later two brothers stood at the same cave mouth over Isaac's body, and Esau walked in ahead of Jacob, and the verse set their names down in the ordinary order with nothing about them worth noticing.


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From the tradition

Sources

6 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Bereshit Rabbah 62:2Bereshit Rabbah

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 · CC-BY

Bereshit Rabbah turns to Ishmael and Creation of Abraham.

"Isaac and Ishmael his sons buried him in the cave of Makhpela, in the field of Efron, son of Tzohar the Hittite, that is before Mamre" (Genesis 25:9). A simple statement. But the rabbis saw so much more.

The text continues, "Isaac and Ishmael his sons buried him in the cave of Makhpela" – and here, the Bereshit Rabbah pauses, drawing our attention to a subtle, yet powerful act. The text notes that Ishmael, the son of Hagar, the maidservant, accorded honor to Isaac, the son of Sarah, the mistress, by allowing him to go first. What could have been a moment of potential conflict, of vying for position, instead became an act of deference, of recognizing and respecting Isaac's status.

Then comes another verse: "The field that Abraham purchased from the children of Ḥet; there Abraham was buried, and Sarah his wife" (Genesis 25:10). And here, Rabbi Tanhuma raises a fascinating question. "Were there not thirty-eight years between Sarah's burial and Abraham's burial? And yet you say here: 'There Abraham was buried, and Sarah his wife'?" Why mention Sarah's burial at this point, so long after the fact?

The answer, according to the midrash, is beautiful: "It is to teach you that everyone who performed kindness to Sarah [in attending her funeral] was privileged to perform kindness for Abraham [in attending his funeral as well]." Those who honored Sarah in her passing were rewarded with the opportunity to honor Abraham as well.

Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman adds another layer to this understanding. He says that Shem and Ever, figures of immense stature in the biblical narrative, were walking before Abraham's bier. They saw an empty spot alongside Sarah, clearly designated for Abraham, and they buried him there, "in the place that was prepared and designated for him." So, Sarah's burial is mentioned again to highlight this preordained connection, this sense of destiny fulfilled. This also reveals the profound respect for honoring the deceased, and ensuring they are laid to rest properly.

Full source
Legends of the Jews, V. Abraham, The Two Wives Of IshmaelLegends of the Jews

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Project Gutenberg eBook #1493, The Legends of the Jews, Volume 1 · Public Domain

His story, often overshadowed, takes some fascinating turns, especially concerning his wives.

In Legends of the Jews, that incredible compilation of rabbinic lore by Louis Ginzberg, Ishmael, son of Abraham and Hagar, had quite the journey. After being sent away into the wilderness, Ishmael eventually marries and has children. God, But there's a poignant moment, a father's yearning, that sets in motion an interesting domestic drama.

Abraham, missing his son, decides to visit Ishmael after a long absence. He travels to the wilderness, arriving at Ishmael's tent around noon. But Ishmael isn't there; he's out hunting. Abraham finds Ishmael's wife, surrounded by her children, but her demeanor is far from welcoming. Now, remember, Abraham had sworn to Sarah that he wouldn't dismount his camel. So, there he sits, a weary traveler, asking for a little water.

The response he gets? Stone-cold silence and then a flat, "We have neither water nor bread." What's worse, she's busy scolding and even cursing her children, and speaking ill of Ishmael. Abraham, witnessing this, is understandably disturbed.

Still on his camel, Abraham instructs the woman: "When Ishmael returns, tell him that an old man from the land of the Philistines came seeking him. Tell him: ‘Put away this tent-pin which thou hast placed here, and place another tent-pin in its stead.'" A cryptic message. When Ishmael returns and hears his wife's account, he understands. He recognizes his father's veiled criticism. The "tent-pin," you see, is a metaphor. Abraham is telling Ishmael to divorce his wife because she isn't honoring him or their family. And Ishmael, honoring his father, does just that.

Fast forward a few years. Abraham, still longing to see his son, makes another trip. This time, he finds Ishmael remarried. And what a difference! Ishmael is out hunting, but his new wife welcomes Abraham with open arms. She urges him to enter the tent, offering him bread and water. Abraham, though initially hesitant, accepts her hospitality, eats, drinks, and blesses Ishmael.

Before leaving, Abraham gives her another message: "When Ishmael comes home, tell him: ‘The tent-pin which thou hast is very good, do not put it away from the tent.'" This time, the message is clear: This wife is a keeper!

When Ishmael returns, his wife joyfully recounts the old man's visit. Ishmael understands that his father approves. This time, he praises the Lord and, in a beautiful act of reconciliation, takes his new wife, his children, and all his possessions, and goes to live with his father, Abraham, in the land of the Philistines. Abraham then tells Ishmael the whole story of the first wife and why he had instructed him to divorce her.

What does this story tell us? It speaks to the importance of honoring one's spouse and the impact that a partner can have on a family's well-being. It also highlights the enduring bond between a father and son, even when their paths diverge. And perhaps, most profoundly, it shows us that even in the wilderness, hospitality, kindness, and respect can create a home.

Full source
Legends of the Jews, V. Abraham, The Last Years Of AbrahamLegends of the Jews

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Project Gutenberg eBook #1493, The Legends of the Jews, Volume 1 · Public Domain

It turns out, the story continues in some fascinating, and sometimes surprising, ways.

In Ginzberg's retelling in, Legends of the Jews, Rebekah first saw Isaac returning from Beer-lahai-roi, the "well of the Living One who sees me," a place associated with Hagar. Why was he there? Well, after the death of his mother Sarah, Isaac had gone there to reunite his father with Hagar, who is also known as Keturah. Yes, Abraham and Hagar were together again!

Hagar bore Abraham six more sons. But these sons, alas, didn't exactly follow in their father's monotheistic footsteps. They were, as the text puts it, all idolaters.

So, what did Abraham do? Knowing that Isaac was his chosen heir, he sent these sons away during his own lifetime, "that they might not be singed by Isaac's flame," meaning that they wouldn't be consumed by the spiritual power and destiny associated with Isaac. He instructed them to journey eastward, as far as possible.

And this is where it gets really interesting. Abraham, according to the legend, built them a city surrounded by an iron wall, so high that the sun couldn't penetrate it. Now, that sounds pretty bleak. But Abraham didn't leave them in total darkness. He provided them with huge gems and pearls, whose brilliance outshone the sun. These gems, it's said, will be used in the Messianic time, "when 'the moon shall be confounded and the sun ashamed.'" (Isaiah 24:23).

But there's more. Abraham also taught them the black art! Yes, you read that right. He taught them sorcery, enabling them to control demons and spirits. It’s said that Laban, Balaam, and Balaam's father Beor all derived their sorceries from this city in the east. Talk about a family legacy!

One of Abraham and Keturah's grandsons, Epher, even invaded Lybia and took possession of the country. And from this Epher, the whole land of Africa supposedly gets its name.

The story expands even further, branching out into the origins of other nations and peoples. In his old age, Terah, Abraham's father, remarried and had a son named Zoba, who in turn had three sons. The eldest, Aram, became incredibly wealthy and powerful. He and his kinsmen, the sons of Nahor (Abraham's brother), found their old home in Haran too small, so they migrated and built a city called Aram-Zoba. Another Aram, Aram-naharaim, on the Euphrates, was built by Aram son of Kemuel, a nephew of Abraham. Its real name was Petor, after the son of Aram, but it is better known as Aram-naharaim. And the descendants of Kesed, another nephew of Abraham, established themselves opposite Shinar, founding the city of Kesed, from which the Chaldeans are called Kasdim.

Now, with all these sons and descendants, what about Isaac? Abraham knew that Isaac deserved his paternal blessing, but he withheld it, wanting to avoid any conflict or resentment among his descendants. He essentially said, "I've done what I can. Let God's will be done." And immediately after Abraham's death, God Himself appeared to Isaac and gave him His blessing.

What does this all mean? Abraham's story wasn't just about faith and covenant; it was also about family, legacy, and the challenges of navigating a world filled with diverse beliefs and destinies.

Full source
Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 110:7Yalkut Shimoni on Torah

Translation of the source text.Torat Emet (Yalkut Shimoni) · CC-BY-NC

"And Isaac and Ishmael his sons buried him" (Genesis 25:9). The son of the maidservant gave honor to the son of the mistress. Anyone of whom "expiring" and "being gathered" are said - this refers only to the death of the righteous. But behold, of Ishmael "expiring" and "being gathered" are written (Genesis 25:17)! Ishmael repented. As it is written, "And Isaac and Ishmael his sons buried him." Now since Ishmael was the elder, what is the reason that Isaac is reckoned before him? Learn from this that he repented and put Isaac ahead of himself.

But perhaps Scripture lists them in order of wisdom? If so, then where it is written, "And Esau and Jacob his sons buried him" (Genesis 35:29), there too it lists them in order of wisdom? Rather, from the fact that it placed the other one first and led him ahead, learn from this that he repented.

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Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 110Yalkut Shimoni

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Sefaria Community Translation · CC0

Yalkut Shimoni, the sweeping medieval anthology of midrash arranged across Scripture, gathers teachings about the burial of Abraham in the cave at the field he had purchased from the children of Chet, the cave of Machpelah. Rabbi Tanchuma calculated the span of years between two funerals there: from the burial of Sarah to the burial of Abraham was thirty eight years. The point of the count is to honor those who tended to the dead. It comes to teach that all who performed acts of kindness at Sarah's burial were privileged to perform kindness again at Abraham's, so that the same righteous hands that laid the matriarch to rest were granted the merit of attending the patriarch as well.

Rabbi Shmuel bar Nachman added a further tradition about who guided that second burial. Shem and Ever, the righteous ancestors who carried the line of faith from the generations before, were proceeding before Abraham's deathbed. They beheld the proper place to direct Abraham our father within the cave, and they buried him in his own specific compartment, the chamber prepared for him beside Sarah. The unit closes by joining itself to the next verse of the Torah, "And it was after the death of Abraham, God blessed Isaac" (Genesis 25:11), marking how the blessing of the covenant passed on to the son once the father had been honorably laid to rest.

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Midrash Aggadah, Genesis 25:9Midrash Aggadah

Translation of the source text.Midrash Aggadah (Buber), Public Domain, on Sefaria · CC-BY-SA

"And Isaac and Ishmael his sons buried him" (Genesis 25:9). This teaches that Ishmael repented, for Ishmael was the firstborn, yet he let Isaac go before him, because he knew of him that he was more righteous than himself. But Esau did not repent, for it does not say, "And Esau and Jacob his sons buried him."

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