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Jacob Told Pharaoh That His Own Days Had Been Few and Evil

Egypt mourned him for seventy days. Forty-two years of famine had been decreed on the land, and because of Jacob only two of them ever came.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Pharaoh Asked How Old He Was
  2. The Answer He Gave in a Room Full of Grain
  3. The God Who Has Fed Me Until This Day
  4. Forty Days of Spices
  5. Come, Let Us Weep for Jacob the Holy
Jacob Told Pharaoh That His Own Days Had Been Few and Evil Click for full size

Pharaoh Asked How Old He Was

Joseph brought his father in the way a man brings in something he has been describing for months and is now afraid will not survive the comparison.

The old man came up the hall on legs that had walked from Canaan. Behind him, granaries. Around him, a court that had spent two years watching the whole region come to Egypt on its knees for grain, and had learned to enjoy it.

Pharaoh asked the question kings ask a foreigner who has suddenly become important. How many are the days of the years of your life?

The Answer He Gave in a Room Full of Grain

Jacob did not round the number up and he did not dress it.

The days of the years of my sojourning are one hundred and thirty years. Few and evil have been the days of the years of my life. In my youth I fled before Esau my brother and lived in a land that was not mine, and now, old, I have come down to live in another one. And my days have not reached the days of the years of my fathers in the days of their sojourning.

A hundred and thirty years, and he called them few. Standing in the richest room on earth, holding the son he had spent twenty-two years believing was torn apart, he called them evil.

The count behind that was not sentimental. Abraham had lived a hundred and seventy-five years. Isaac had lived a hundred and eighty. Jacob was measuring himself against two men who had died full, and he could already see he was going to come up short.

He gave the word for his life as sojourning, not reign, not house, not harvest. A stay. The kind of arrangement that ends. He had lived in Canaan and in Haran and at Shechem and by the road to Ephrath where he had buried Rachel in the open country, and none of it had been his address.

Pharaoh did not mock him. He gave the family Goshen, the best of the land, and let their flocks in.

The God Who Has Fed Me Until This Day

Years later, blind and propped up in bed, Jacob heard that Joseph had come with two boys, and pulled himself upright to bless them.

He did not begin with their future. He began with a list of who had gone before him. The God before whom my fathers Abraham and Isaac walked. Then he named the God of his own life, and what he chose to say about Him was not the ladder at Bethel, not the wrestling at the ford, not the ram in the thicket that had spared his father.

The God who has fed me since I have been, until this day.

Fed. The word a man uses about a flock. Not blessed, not favoured, not carried to greatness. Kept alive and given something to eat, one day and then the next day, through Laban and through Esau and through famine and through the years he thought his son was dead.

Then he crossed his hands over the two boys, right hand onto the younger, and would not straighten them when Joseph took hold of his wrist to correct him. The man who told Pharaoh his days were evil had not lost his grip on who had kept him through them.

Forty Days of Spices

When he died, the physicians took forty days over him, because forty days is what the embalming takes.

And then Egypt wept for him for seventy.

Seventy days is not a courtesy for a foreign herdsman whose son happens to hold office. Seventy days is what a country does when a king dies. Officials shut their doors. Work stopped in the provinces. A nation that had watched this man arrive as a hungry refugee with a limp put its whole calendar down and mourned.

Come, Let Us Weep for Jacob the Holy

They knew something at the funeral that nobody had told him at the audience.

Come, they said to each other in the streets, let us mourn for Jacob the Holy, whose righteousness turned the famine away from the land of Egypt.

The decree had been for forty-two years of hunger. Not seven. Forty-two, written and sealed over the fields and the river, enough to empty Egypt of Egyptians. Then an old shepherd came down the road from Canaan to live out his last years near his son, and forty of those years were lifted off the land, and the famine that actually arrived lasted two.

He never knew. He had already given his testimony in the throne room, and it was a complaint, and every word of it was true. Few. Evil. Fled, sojourned, come down. He was standing in a country that was eating because he was standing in it, and no one in the room had the information.

The Egyptians who buried him had it. That is what the seventy days were. Not respect for the vizier's father. A debt being paid out loud by people who could count the harvests they had eaten and knew whose name was on them.


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From the tradition

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The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Genesis 47:9Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Genesis

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · Public Domain

Pharaoh asked Jacob his age, and Jacob's answer in (Genesis 47:9) is one of the rawest sentences in Torah. The Targum Pseudo-Jonathan renders it with all its weight: "The days of the years of my pilgrimage are an hundred and thirty years. Few and evil have been the days of the years of my life; for in my youth I fled before Esau my brother, and sojourned in a land not my own; and now in the time of my old age have I come down to sojourn here."

The patriarch is standing in the most powerful palace on earth, having just been reunited with the son he thought dead, and what comes out of his mouth is "few and evil."

The Honesty of a Tired Patriarch

The Targum preserves Jacob's bluntness rather than smoothing it. His childhood was overshadowed by a brother who wanted to kill him. His youth was spent fleeing to an uncle who deceived him for twenty years. His marriage was scarred by the early death of Rachel. His daughter Dinah was violated. His son Joseph was, for twenty-two years, presumed torn apart. Jacob is not complaining. He is reporting.

The aggadic tradition, preserved among the 3,279 texts from Midrash Rabbah in our database, notes that Jacob was the only patriarch to live fewer years than his father. Abraham lived 175 (Genesis 25:7), Isaac 180 (Genesis 35:28), Jacob only 147. The rabbis count the 33 missing years as a direct consequence of Jacob's complaint here, the Holy One, they say, subtracted one year for each word of lament.

The Word "Pilgrimage"

Jacob calls his life a megurai, a sojourning, a pilgrimage. The Targum keeps the word. He does not describe his life as a home, a reign, a career. He describes it as a long road he has been walking without ever quite arriving. Every place he lived. Canaan, Haran, Shechem, Bethlehem, Hebron, Egypt, was a waystation.

The Targum Pseudo-Jonathan, reaching its final form between the 4th and 8th centuries CE, uses Jacob here as a template for the Jew in exile. The patriarchs are not given comfortable lives; they are given meaningful ones. Megurai is the permanent Jewish address.

The takeaway is not despair. It is permission. Jacob teaches that you may honestly tell the world your years have been few and bitter, and still have become the father of a nation. Meaning does not require that the road be smooth. It only requires that you keep walking it.

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Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Genesis 48:15Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Genesis

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · Public Domain

A blessing is often remembered for what it promises. This one is remembered for what it recalls. Before Jacob spoke a single word of future over his grandsons, he spoke a word of past. He named the God of his grandfather. He named the God of his father. And then he named the God of his own life, "the Lord who hath fed me since I have been unto this day" (Genesis 48:15).

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan lingers on the image. Abraham served God. Isaac served God. And Jacob, the one who fled, who wrestled, who grieved over Joseph for twenty-two years, was fed. The Aramaic verb evokes a shepherd's care, the daily work of keeping a flock alive. Jacob's life was not easier than his fathers'. He survived Laban, Esau, famine, and a child he believed was dead. He survived, and he ate.

The blessing teaches a simple truth the tradition returns to again and again: gratitude comes before petition. Before you ask God for anything on behalf of the next generation, remember what you have already received. Only then do you have the voice to bless.

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Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Genesis 50:3Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Genesis

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · Public Domain

When Jacob died, Egypt mourned for seventy days (Genesis 50:3). Targum Pseudo-Jonathan explains why the Egyptians wept so hard for a foreign patriarch. They were not mourning only a man. They were mourning the reason the famine had ended.

"Come, let us lament over Jakob the Holy, whose righteousness turned away the famine from the land of Mizraim. For it had been decreed that there should be forty and two years of famine, but through the righteousness of Jakob forty years are withheld from Mizraim, and there came famine but for two years only."

This is a dazzling piece of Jewish theology. The Torah describes seven years of plenty and seven years of famine in Egypt (Genesis 41:30), and says the famine ended when Jacob and his family arrived in Goshen. The Targum reads the math differently: the heavenly decree was for forty-two years of famine. Jacob's mere presence, his zekhut, his accumulated righteousness, shortened it to two.

In Judaism, zekhut avot (the merit of the ancestors) is a live spiritual force. A single righteous person can tip the scales for millions. The Egyptians, the Targum says, understood this instinctively. They wept for seventy days because they knew whose righteousness had fed them. Grief is sometimes the clearest gratitude.

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