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Hallelujah! Give thanks to the Lord, for He is good; His lovingkindness is everlasting. Who can speak of the mighty deeds of the Lord, or can proclaim all His praises? As it is written in Psalms 40:6, "Many wonders and deeds You have done, O Lord my God; none can compare with You. If I were to proclaim and declare them, they are more than can be numbered." Rabbi Elazar ben Pedat said, "See what is written in Psalms 136:4, 'To Him who alone does great wonders, for His lovingkindness is everlasting.' What is written after this? 'To Him who made the great lights, for His lovingkindness is everlasting.' This teaches us that sustenance is as important as the splitting of the Red Sea. Just as we cannot live without sustenance, we also cannot live without miracles and wonders. If a person were lying on a bed and a snake was on the ground before him, and when he stood up, the snake ran away, he would not know what miracle the Lord had done for him. Only God knows the wonders and miracles that He does for us. Therefore, it says in Psalms 40:6, 'Many wonders and deeds You have done, O Lord my God; none can compare with You.' It is like two men, one strong and one weak. The weak man cannot praise the strength of the strong man, for he does not know his strength. But the strong man, who knows his own strength, can praise the strength of the strong man. So we say, 'Who can speak of the mighty deeds of the Lord?' Rabbi Samuel said, 'Who can speak of the Lord's praises like us, who are engaged in Torah study day and night?'" [or Therefore, it is said, "Who can recount the mighty acts of the Lord?" Rabbi Shmuel said, "Who can recount such as we, who are occupied with Torah for all our needs."]
Another thing, who can express? Zophar the Naamathite said to Job (Job 11:7-9): "Can you fathom the mysteries of God? Can you probe the limits of the Almighty? They are higher than the heavens above, what can you do? They are deeper than the depths below, what can you know? Their measure is longer than the earth and wider than the sea." Who can investigate His example except (Shemot 15:11) "The heights of the heavens, what can you do? Deeper than Sheol, what can you know?" What does it mean? Can you tell me who made the heavens and the stars? Even our teacher Moses, who ascended to the highest heavens and received the Torah from God's own hand, did not fully comprehend this mystery. Rabbi Huna the priest said in the name of Rabbi Yirmeyah in the name of Rabbi Hiyya the Great (Kohelet 8:17): "I saw all that God has done. No one can comprehend what goes on under the sun. Despite all their efforts to search it out, no one can discover its meaning. Even if the wise claim they know, they cannot really comprehend it." This refers to the Torah, and as it says (Shemot 32:16), "The tablets were the work of God; the writing was the writing of God, engraved on the tablets." For no human being can discover God's work, as it says (Kohelet 3:11), "He has made everything beautiful in its time. He has also set eternity in the human heart; yet no one can fathom what God has done from beginning to end." And who can praise Him but His children, as it says (Devarim 33:29), "Blessed are you, Israel! Who is like you, a people saved by the Lord? He is your shield and helper and your glorious sword. Your enemies will cower before you, and you will tread on their heights." And it is written (Bereishit 18:19), "For I have chosen him, so that he will direct his children and his household after him to keep the way of the Lord by doing what is right and just, so that the Lord will bring about for Abraham what he has promised him." Once the Israelites left Egypt and God split the sea for them, and the angelic hosts came to mock before Him, He did not permit them, as it says (Shemot 14:20), "And the angel of God, who had been traveling in front of Israel's army, withdrew and went behind them. The pillar of cloud also moved from in front and stood behind them." And those were none other than angels, as it says (Isaiah 6:3), "And they were calling to one another: 'Holy, holy, holy is the Lord Almighty; the whole earth is full of his glory.'" God said to Moses and the Israelites, "They will praise me, as it is written in Exodus 15:1, 'Then Moses and the Israelites sang this song.' Only a person who begins a song by saying, 'So-and-so will sing' is called a 'shir' (a singer). In Exodus 15:11 it says, 'Who is like you among the gods, Lord? Who is like you, majestic in holiness?' Rabbi Yudan said, 'You are awesome over all your praises.' How does a human king enter a country? They ridicule him, saying he is powerful but weak, rich but poor, merciful but cruel. But God is not like this; every time a person criticizes God, it increases his greatness. Thus, God is awesome over all his praises. King David said, 'As they ridiculed you in this world, so they will ridicule you in the world to come' (Psalms 78:4). The praises of God will not be hidden from their children; they will tell the next generation about the Lord's praises (Psalms 78:4). And we will praise you, saying 'We are with you, your sheep and the flock of your pasture; we give you thanks' (Psalms 79:13).
"Who can retell the mighty feats of God? Happy are those who act justly at all times. Rabbi Tarfon's students asked him, 'Who is it that performs charity at all times?' He replied, 'The one who writes books and lends them out.' They said to him, 'But surely someone who teaches young children or raises orphans is more worthy?' They responded, 'But he is also supported by charity.' Rabbi Elazar HaModa'i said, 'It is not just about charity, but also about making a living through righteous means.' Be someone who performs charity at all times.
"Remember us, O Lord, in your favor toward your people." As King David said, "When salvation comes through Mordechai, remember me." God replied, "Your words are living with me, my child." Mordechai was a Jewish man from the tribe of Judah. They did not remember most of your kindness. Rabbi Abahu said in the name of Rabbi Kahana, quoting Rabbi Eliezer, that the two bitter cups mentioned in the Bible refer to the two bitter experiences at the Red Sea and at Marah. Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said in the name of Rabbi Levi that if it were not for the miracle that the sea turned to blood, as it says in Habakkuk 3:15, "You trampled the sea with your horses, churning the great waters," the Israelites would not have been able to avenge themselves against the Egyptians. When they reached the sea, they said to each other, "Let us return to Egypt," but God caused the sea to split and the Israelites to walk through on dry land, as it says in Psalms 114:3, "The sea saw and fled; Jordan turned back."
"And [God] rebuked the Red Sea, and it dried up. Rabbi Hunah and Rabbi Aha said: One said, 'With the blast of Your nostrils the waters were piled up,' and the other said, 'They stood upright like a heap.' And the waters were a wall to them on their right and on their left. Rabbi Judah and Rabbi Nehemiah said: Rabbi Judah said, 'Even Pharaoh did not survive, as it says, 'There was not one of them left,' while Rabbi Nehemiah said, 'Pharaoh survived by himself, as it says, 'And yet for this purpose I have spared you.' And some say that he was drowned last, as it says, 'And Pharaoh and his army sank in the sea.'
"And they envied Moses in the camp. Rabbi Shimon ben Yochai said, 'The Israelites were counted in the wilderness instead of Moses, and Dathan was appointed in Moses' place, and Abiram was appointed in Aaron's place, as it says, 'It is a leadership position.' Therefore, they envied Moses. And what caused their own destruction? The earth opened up and swallowed Dathan, and covered the assembly of Abiram. They made a golden calf in Horeb, as it says, 'You raged against [God] at Horeb.' Rabbi Meir said, 'There are places where it is called the 'calf of anger.'' Rabbi Shimon said, 'At Horeb they accused [God], and at Horeb they were acquitted,' as it says, 'And the children of Israel stripped themselves of their ornaments.' And they exchanged their glory for the likeness of an ox. Rabbi Papayas said, 'It was the image of the celestial ox.' Rabbi Akiba said to him, 'Enough, Papayas! Is it not written, 'He eats grass?' How then can you maintain that the celestial ox is without horns and without hoofs at the time when it eats grass?'"...
He said to destroy them. Rabbi Barachia in the name of Rabbi Yehuda, son of Rabbi Simon, gave a parable about a prosecutor who accused the king's son. The guard pushed him away and stood in his place, and the prosecutor saw him and left. Thus, but for Moses, his chosen one, this could have happened. Rabbi Shmuel bar Nachman gave a parable about a king who was angry with his son. He came to sign a document to give him power, and the guard snatched the document from his hand. This was to prevent his anger from causing harm. "And he lifted up his hand against them," said Rav Huna in the name of Rabbi Shmuel bar Nachman, in the incident of Baal Peor, they were liable to be ruled by the kingdoms, as it says, "And he lifted up his hand against them." Why did they attach themselves to Baal Peor? Because they rebelled against Him and spoke against Him. Rabbi Yudan swore in the name of Moses, as it says, "And Moses lifted up his hand," as it says, "And he lifted up his right and left hand to heaven" (Daniel 12:7). Rabbi Yudan, the son of Rabbi Yudan, said: "When one rebels against Him and speaks against Him, as it says, 'If a person swears to express with his lips.'" (Leviticus 5:4)....
"They served their idols. Rabbi Yudan said: We pair ourselves with them and say, 'They are like us.' As it is written, 'And it became a trap for them' (Psalms 69:23). Many times He would rescue them. How many times they would anger the Holy One, blessed be He, and He would still have mercy on them and rescue them from their distress (Judges 6:6-7). And the children of Israel did evil in the eyes of the Lord. And what is written? 'And Israel was greatly impoverished' (Judges 6:6), like it says (Leviticus 14:21), 'And if he is poor.' He would many times rescue them.
"And He saw that they were in distress when He heard their cry." Rabbi Elazar said: Israel is redeemed only through five things: through distress, through prayer, through the merit of the fathers, through repentance, and through the end (meaning the Messianic era). Through distress, as it says, "And He saw that they were in distress." Through prayer, as it says, "When He heard their cry." Through the merit of the fathers, as it says, "And He remembered His covenant with them." Through repentance, as it says, "He was appeased by my great kindness." Through the end, as it says, "Save us, O Lord our God, and gather us from among the nations" (Psalms 106:47). And even Moses included them all in one verse, as it says, "When you are in distress and all these things have come upon you" (Deuteronomy 4:30). Be blessed, O Lord God of Israel, from this world to the next. From the time that we were in Him until now, blessed be He. Rabbi Elazar said in the name of Rabbi Yose ben Zimra: 'Amen' is an oath, 'Amen' is acceptance, as it says in Psalm 41:14, "All who respond 'Amen' in the world, etc."