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Jerusalem Called Its Angels and None of Them Answered

One man swore he would wall the city with water. They called the old angel names, and a stranger's voice said the work was no longer his.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Forty Days, Fifty Days
  2. God Changed the Names
  3. The Names Did Not Answer
  4. Four Kings Who Asked for Help
  5. The Morning the Enemy Walked In

Jeremiah stood in the street and said it again. Repent. Turn back. Do not wait for the army to teach you. The men around him did not even raise their voices. If the enemies come, they said, what can they do to us?

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One of them tapped a tower as if the stone itself were a proof. "I will surround it with a wall of water." Another said fire. A third said iron. They were not talking about masons. They meant names. Each of them knew an angel's name, and each of them believed a name was a wall.

Forty Days, Fifty Days

Men still counted the castles the way masons count. Rabbi Yudan said every castle in Jerusalem was not fit to be taken in fewer than forty days. Rabbi Pinhas said fifty. Kings had built them to last. Watchtowers looked every way. Gates sat in iron. The walls were not a boast invented in panic.

A wall can slow an army. It cannot answer a prophet. Jeremiah kept walking. Under the breath, the names were practiced like passwords a man expects to need.

God Changed the Names

God heard the passwords and said, "You are using what is Mine."

He rose and changed the angels' names. The one appointed over water He tasked over fire. The one appointed over fire He tasked over iron. The offices moved. The voices that had answered those names for years did not announce the transfer. No lookout on the wall saw it happen.

Below, the men still had the old syllables on their tongues. They thought the syllables were the angels.

The Names Did Not Answer

When iniquity had done its work and the enemies came, they began invoking. So-and-so angel, come, do this. Perform that.

The angel who arrived at the sound of the old name said, "It is not within my ability. I am excluded from it."

Water would not rise for the man who had promised water. Fire would not stand for the man who had promised fire. Iron stayed iron, ordinary and mute. They had profaned a kingdom and its princes. The kingdom was Israel, once told it would be a kingdom of priests (Exodus 19:6). The princes were the guardian angels on high. God had profaned the sacred princes (Isaiah 43:28). The names still sounded. The jobs had moved.

Four Kings Who Asked for Help

The kings of the earth and all the inhabitants of the world had not believed an enemy would enter the gates of Jerusalem (Lamentations 4:12). They had reasons. Four kings of Judah had asked, and God had done what they could not.

David said, "I will pursue my enemies and overtake them" (Psalms 18:38). God said, "I will do so." David struck from twilight until the evening of the next day, two nights and a day, while comets and lightning made a lamp for him (I Samuel 30:17).

Asa said, "I do not have the power to kill them. I will pursue. You do the killing." God said, "I will do so." They broke before the Lord and before His camp, not before Asa (II Chronicles 14:12).

Jehoshaphat said, "I have power neither to kill nor to pursue. I will recite song. You do the rest." When they began the song, God set ambushes against Ammon, Moab, and Seir (II Chronicles 20:22).

Hezekiah said, "I have power neither to kill, nor to pursue, nor to sing. I will sleep in my bed. You do it." That night an angel went out and struck the Assyrian camp (II Kings 19:35).

Four askings. Four answers. In Zedekiah's generation the asking thinned and the names thickened. The city treated the gates as if they were the prayer.

The Morning the Enemy Walked In

Zedekiah was king when the names failed. The princes on high had already been reassigned. The men who had promised water and fire and iron stood in the same streets and found that a password is not a covenant.

The castles still looked like fifty days of work. The enemy did not need fifty days. Iniquity had already opened what stone had closed. Jeremiah's warning was still in the air, unused. The gates of Jerusalem, which the world had not believed could be entered, took footsteps.

A man called one more name. The angel who heard it was busy with another element. He did not come.


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From the tradition

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The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Eikhah Rabbah 2:5Eikhah Rabbah

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 · CC-BY

“He destroyed, in His ire, the strongholds of the daughter of Judah.” Rabbi Yudan said: Each and every castle that was in Jerusalem was not fit to be conquered in any less than forty days. Rabbi Pinḥas said: In any less than fifty days. But since iniquity caused [their downfall], “He destroyed, in His ire, the strongholds of the daughter of Judah, He brought them to the ground.”“He profaned a kingdom and its princes.” “He profaned a kingdom,” this is Israel, just as it says: “You will be for Me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation” (Exodus 19:6). “And its princes,” these are the guardian angels On High. You find that until the enemies came, Jeremiah would say to them: ‘Repent so you will not go into exile.’ They said to him: ‘If the enemies will come, what can they do to us?’ One [Israelite] said: ‘I will surround it with a wall of water.’ Another said: ‘I will surround it with a wall of fire.’ Another said: ‘I will surround it with a wall of iron.’76Each of them boasted that they could accomplish this by invoking the name of an angel (Matnot Kehuna). The Holy One blessed be He said to them: You are using that which is Mine. The Holy One blessed be He rose and changed the names of the angels. The one appointed over water, He tasked over fire; the one appointed over fire, He tasked over iron. They would invoke their names below, but they did not respond to them. That is what is written: “I profaned the sacred princes” (Isaiah 43:28). When the iniquities were the cause and the enemies came, they began invoking: So and so angel, come and perform such and such matter. [The angel] would say to him: ‘It is not within my ability, as I am excluded from it.’Another matter, “He profaned a kingdom and its princes.” “He profaned a kingdom,” this is Zedekiah king of Judah. “And its princes,” these are the guardian angels On High.

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Eikhah Rabbah 4:15Eikhah Rabbah

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 · CC-BY

“The kings of the earth and all the inhabitants of the world did not believe that an adversary and enemy would enter the gates of Jerusalem” (Lamentations 4:12).“The kings of the earth and all the inhabitants of the world.” There were four kings, what this one demanded that one did not demand, and these are: David, Asa, Yehoshafat, and Hezekiah. David said: “I will pursue my enemies and overtake them…” (Psalms 18:38). The Holy One blessed be He said to him: ‘I will do so.’ That is what is written: “David smote them from twilight until the evening of their next day” (I Samuel 30:17). What is “of their next day”? Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: For two nights and one day. The Holy One blessed be He would illuminate for him with comets and lightning, as we learned there: Over comets, over earthquakes, and over lightning.30On any of these phenomena one recites the blessing “Whose strength and power fill the world” (Mishna Berakhot 9:2). That is what is written: “For you will illuminate my lamp…” (Psalms 18:29).Asa arose and said: ‘I do not have the power to kill them, but I will pursue them and You do [the killing].’ He said to him: ‘I will do so,’ as it is stated: “Asa…pursued them…as they were broken before the Lord and before His camp; they carried a great many spoils” (II Chronicles 14:12). “Before Asa” is not written here, but rather, “before the Lord and before His camp.”Yehoshafat arose and said: ‘I have the power neither to kill nor to pursue; rather, I will recite song and You do so.’ The Holy One blessed be He said to him: ‘I will do so,’ as it is stated: “At the time that they began with song and praise, [the Lord set ambushes against the children of Amon, Moav, and the highlands of Se'ir]” (II Chronicles 20:22).Hezekiah arose and said: ‘I have the power neither to kill, nor to pursue, nor to recite song; rather I will sleep in my bed and You do so.’ The Holy One blessed be He said to him: ‘I will do so,’ as it is stated: “It was on that night that an angel of the Lord went out and smote in the camp of the Assyrians” (II Kings 19:35).How many remained of them? Rav said: Ten, as it is stated: “A child will record them” (Isaiah 10:19), as it is typical of a child to write yod.31Yod is the smallest letter and its numerical value is ten. Rabbi Elazar says: Six, as it is typical of a child to scratch a line.32The letter vav is a straight vertical line. Its numerical value is six. Rabbi Yehoshua said: Five, as it is stated: “Two, three berries at the treetop” (Isaiah 17:6).33The two were Nebuchadnezzar and Nevuzaradan, who were officers, and the three were Sennacherib, the Assyrian king, and his two sons. They were the survivors. Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Simon said: Nine. That is what is written: “Four, five on its flourishing branches” (Isaiah 17:6).34Four and five are nine. Rabbi Tanḥum ben Ḥanilai said: Fourteen. That is what is written: “Two, three berries at the treetop, four, five on its flourishing branches.”Both according to statement of these, and according to the statement of those, Nebuchadnezzar was one of them. When the Holy One blessed be He said to him: ‘Ascend and destroy the Temple,’ he said: ‘He seeks only to eliminate me. He will do to me what he did to my grandfather.’35Nebuchadnezzar is identified as the grandson of Sennacherib. What did he do? He came and encamped at Daphne in Antioch and sent Nevuzaradan, captain of the guard, to destroy Jerusalem. He stayed there three and a half years. Each day he would circle Jerusalem, but was unable to conquer it. Since he was unable to conquer it, he sought to return. The Holy One blessed be He introduced [an idea] into his mind and he began measuring the wall and it was sinking two and a half handbreadths each day until it was completely sunk. Once it completely sunk, the enemies entered Jerusalem. Regarding that moment, it states: “The kings of the earth and all the inhabitants of the world did not believe that an adversary and enemy would enter the gates of Jerusalem.”

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