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God Told the Angels They Could Not Keep a Torah Made for Bodies

The angels had never buried anyone and had never been hungry. God read them three lines out of the Torah they had just volunteered to keep.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Angels Objected Before Adam Had a Body
  2. The Three Laws No Angel Could Keep
  3. The Camp Turned Around Between Rephidim and Sinai
  4. Israel Built the Tabernacle With Hands That Sweat
  5. God Asked the Angels Who Sets His Table

The ministering angels got their objection in before there was anyone to object to. God was about to make the human being. The angels crowded the work and asked what He wanted with a creature like that.

God Told the Angels They Could Not Keep a Torah Made for Bodies Click for full size

"What is a human, that You are mindful of him?"

The Angels Objected Before Adam Had a Body

They were not being cruel. They were being accurate. They had already priced the thing out: dirt with breath in it, a mouth that forgets, a frame that comes apart. They served without sleeping. They sang without stopping. Nothing in them wore down. Set that beside a creature who has to be fed twice a day and buried once, and the question asks itself.

God answered with a question of His own. "Who will keep My Torah and My commandments?"

The angels did not hesitate. "We will keep Your Torah."

"You cannot."

Nobody had told them no before. "Why not?"

The Three Laws No Angel Could Keep

God read them three lines out of the Torah they had just claimed.

A man dies in a tent. That is where the first one begins: a body under goat hair, a household standing outside in the sun working out who may go back in and when, and the long count of days before any of them may touch what is holy again. No angel has ever died. There is no tent, no corpse, no waiting.

A woman conceives and bears a male. Blood, and the counting after the blood, and a mother held back from the sanctuary for a season while her body finishes what it started. No angel has ever given birth.

These you may eat. A whole law hung on the mouth. Which creature in the water has fins, which crawling thing has legs above its feet, what must be spat out and what may be swallowed. Angels do not eat.

"So the Torah does not go out to you," God said. Wisdom is not found in the land of the living, and the ones who cannot die were not living in the sense the Torah means. They had holiness with nothing at stake in it. A law measured in graves and blood and bread cannot be kept by anyone who has none of the three.

The Camp Turned Around Between Rephidim and Sinai

The people who got it instead had just finished disgracing themselves over water. Rephidim was the camp of the quarrel, where they had come at Moses with dry mouths and asked whether God was among them or not. Then they broke camp and walked to the mountain.

They left Rephidim having turned back toward God, and they arrived at Sinai having turned back toward God. What happened in between is not written down. Dust on the ankles. Children asking how much farther. Elders who remembered the water coming out of the rock and remembered, worse, what they had said to get it. The turn happened while they were still walking.

A people that can march and change its mind at the same time is doing something the angels had not offered to do.

Israel Built the Tabernacle With Hands That Sweat

God told them to build Him a dwelling, and they built it. They raised the altar of burnt offering. They raised the altar of incense. They brought offerings up onto it, and the smoke went where smoke goes.

Commandment after commandment came down, and every one of them landed on somebody's hands. Someone cut boards. Someone dyed wool and got it under his fingernails. Someone carried a lamb that would not stop struggling. Someone counted out silver for a vow he had made in a bad week and now had to pay in a good one.

The temptations arrived with the work, because that is how a body lives. A trader with sacks to leave overnight could make the easy arrangement in the market: you watch my goods beside your god, and I will watch yours beside mine. He was not allowed to. He could not swear by the thing, could not name it in a bargain, could not rent his ox to a neighbor who would work it straight through the sabbatical year and let the sin belong to somebody else. None of that is a temptation in heaven. Nobody up there owns an ox.

God Asked the Angels Who Sets His Table

When the work was standing, God turned back to the ones who had asked what a human was worth.

"Who among you arranges for Me the way they arrange for Me?"

They lay the offering on the fire, piece set beside piece. They set out the bread every Sabbath and carry the old loaves away. And they arrange souls, which is the strangest of it: a man walks in, puts a price on a life, his own or his child's, and pays it, because he stood in a field one day and said he would.

No answer came down from the sky. The angels who had totalled up everything a human being lacks were standing over a camp where people were doing the one thing they could not do, which was to owe something and settle it with their hands.

Below them a priest turned a piece of meat so it would sit right on the coals. He had buried someone that year. He would be hungry by dark. Nothing about him survived the angels' arithmetic, and the fire took his offering anyway.


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From the tradition

Sources

3 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Bechukotai 6:5Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Bechukotai

Translation of the source text.Midrash Tanchuma (Buber), Public Domain, on Sefaria · CC-BY-SA

Another interpretation: "For who in the skies can be compared to the LORD" (Psalms 89:7). At the time when the Holy One, blessed be He, sought to create the human being, the ministering angels were saying before the Holy One, blessed be He: "What is a human that You are mindful of him, and the son of a human that You take account of him?" (Psalms 8:5), what do You seek from this human? The Holy One, blessed be He, said to them: Who will fulfill My Torah and My commandments? They said to Him: We will fulfill Your Torah. He said to them: You are not able. They said to Him: Why? He said to them: It is written in it, "A man who dies in a tent" (Numbers 19:14), yet among you there are no dead. It is written in it, "When a woman conceives and bears a male" (Leviticus 12:2), yet among you there are none who give birth. It is written in it, "These you may eat" (Leviticus 11:21), yet among you there is no eating. Thus the Torah does not go forth to you, as it is said, "Nor is it found in the land of the living" (Job 28:13). Rather, once the Holy One, blessed be He, told Israel that they should make a Tabernacle for Him, and they made it, they began making the altar of the burnt offering and the altar of incense, and offering upon it. The Holy One, blessed be He, began giving them many commandments, commanding them concerning every single matter, and they performed them. The Holy One, blessed be He, began to say to the ministering angels: Who among you arranges for Me as Israel arranges for Me, you who were saying to Me, "What is a human that You are mindful of him," and so forth? They arrange offerings for Me, as it is said, "And the priest shall arrange them" (Leviticus 1:12); they arrange tables for Me, as it is said, "On the Sabbath day, on the Sabbath day, he shall arrange it before the LORD continually" (Leviticus 24:8); they arrange souls for Me, as it is said, "A man who sets apart a vow according to your valuation of souls to the LORD" (Leviticus 27:2). Thus, "For who in the skies can be compared to the LORD" (Psalms 89:7).

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Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 275:1Yalkut Shimoni on Torah

Translation of the source text.Torat Emet (Yalkut Shimoni) · CC-BY-NC

"They journeyed from Rephidim and came to the wilderness of Sinai" (Exodus 19:2). But has it not already been said, "On this day they came to the wilderness of Sinai"? Rather, Scripture compares their journeying from Rephidim to their coming to the wilderness of Sinai: just as their coming to the wilderness of Sinai was in repentance, so too their journeying from Rephidim was in repentance.

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Mekhilta DeRabbi Shimon Ben Yochai 23:13Mekhilta DeRabbi Shimon Ben Yochai

Translation of the source text.Mechilta de-Rabbi Simon b. Jochai, ed. D. Hoffmann, Frankfurt 1905 · Public Domain

"And in all that I have said to you, take heed": that a person should not rent out his animal to a gentile or to one suspected concerning the sabbatical year. Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov says: this comes to attach a negative command to every positive command stated in the section.

"And make no mention of the name of other gods": that a person should not take a vow in the name of an idol, nor uphold an oath in its name, nor cause a gentile to vow in the name of his idol.

Another interpretation: "And make no mention of the name of other gods" is a warning to the prophet who prophesies in the name of an idol, for it says, "and that prophet shall die" (Deuteronomy 18:20). We have heard the punishment; from where the warning? Scripture says, "and make no mention of the name of other gods."

Another interpretation: "do not make mention": a person should not say to his fellow, "keep watch for me beside such-and-such idol and I will keep watch for you beside such-and-such idol." But any idol mentioned in Scripture is permitted to be named, such as Peor, Bel, Nebo, and Chemosh.

"Let it not be heard upon your mouth": this is a warning against the one who entices and the one who incites to idolatry.

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