5 min read

Twelve Months of Ash and the Faces Black as a Pot

A year in the pyres burns the wicked to ash that the wind scatters, then their souls return and they rise blackened to confess the sentence.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Year Inside the Pyres
  2. What the Fire and the Snow Did to the Body
  3. The Houses of Bitterness for the Crooked Judge
  4. The Souls That Rise Blackened

The mouth opens before the body can flinch. Gehinnom stretches its jaw wide at the gate, and the angels of destruction throw the sentenced soul forward onto its face, and a second rank of them catches the soul and shoves it over the lip of the fire. There is no falling and no bottom. The fire receives what is given to it and asks for more.

At that threshold two walls of angels stand, and they do not whisper. They cry, "Give! Give!" The cry has no end in it.

The Year Inside the Pyres

What burns there is not one fire but five, and they do not behave like the fire of the living world. One fire eats and drinks. One drinks and does not eat. One eats and does not drink. One neither eats nor drinks. And one fire eats fire. Among them lie coals the size of mountains, coals the size of hills, coals heaped like the Salt Sea, coals like great stones, and through it all run rivers of pitch and sulfur, seething, boiling, fed by the wood of the broom shrub.

Into this the soul of an ordinary sinner is set down for twelve months. Not a moment less, and, for that soul, not a moment more. A year is the first mercy, though it does not feel like one from inside the coals. The angel who keeps the ledger of one transgression comes, exacts it, and walks away. Then the next angel comes for the next sin, and the next, the way creditors line up before a king who tells them only to divide the debtor among themselves. So the soul is split and split again, paid out sin by sin, until the account is empty.

What the Fire and the Snow Did to the Body

A man is dragged from the fire to the snow and from the snow back to the fire, over and over, the way a shepherd drives one flock from this mountain to that mountain and back. His worm does not die. The flame above him does not go out. Beside him hang others, fixed in the air by the part of them that sinned, by the tongue, by the hands, by the eyes, by the legs.

Some are fed their own flesh. Some are fed live coals of broom-wood. And some, who once swallowed what they had stolen and found it sweet, are now made to eat fine sand against their will until their teeth break in their mouths. Over them a voice carries through the smoke. "When you ate what was stolen, it was sweet to you," it says. "Now you have no strength left even to eat."

The Houses of Bitterness for the Crooked Judge

Past the pyres of Israel's coarse and common sinners lie the seven pyres reserved for the nations who served foreign worship, and in each of those a soul burns a full twelve months before passing to the next. From beneath the Throne of Glory a River of Fire pours down on them and runs from one end of the world to the other.

And there is a chamber built for one kind of guilt alone. In each of the seven pyres stand six thousand houses. In each house, six thousand windows. In each window, six thousand jugs of bitterness. Every jug is prepared, and every jug is waiting, and none of it is for the thief or the glutton or the idolater. It waits for the scribes and the judges who held the law in their hands and did not rule honestly. Of that hour Solomon had already written the warning, that in the end a man groans when his flesh and his body are consumed. Not one of them slips past the jugs. Only Torah in his hand and good deeds beside it can tip the scale and pull a soul to the side of mercy.

The Souls That Rise Blackened

After twelve months the ordinary wicked are not released. They are finished. Their bodies dissolve, their souls are consumed, and a wind lifts the ash and scatters it under the soles of the righteous, exactly as the prophet wrote, that the wicked shall be ash beneath their feet.

Then the souls come back. They are returned into what is left of them and they climb up out of Gehinnom, and their faces are black like the underside of a pot held too long over a flame. They do not curse the fire that burned them. They open their blackened mouths and they say the only thing left to say. "You have sentenced us properly," they tell the One who judged them. "You have judged us properly. Righteousness is Yours. The shame is ours, as of this day."

The leech at the gate is still crying "Give." But the soul that has stopped lying about itself has already taken the first step out. After all of it, after the year and the ash and the climb, the Holy One has mercy on what He made, for He had said long before that He would not contend forever, that the same hand which makes the breath fail also makes the breath of life.


← All myths

From the tradition

Sources

4 sources

The texts this telling draws on, in full. Open a card to read inline, or expand it for a wider, quieter read.

Otzar Midrashim, The Garden of Eden; Gehinnom, The Book of Gehinnom 7Otzar Midrashim, Book of Gehinnom

Chapter 4: Every twelve months they (the evil ones) are made into ashes and the wind scatters them under the feet of the righteous, as it is written: "And you shall tread down the wicked; for they shall be ashes under the soles of your feet." (Malachi 3:21), and after that, their souls return into them and they go out from Gehinnom and their faces are black like the bottom of a pot and they affirm the righteousness of the judgement over them and say: You have sentenced us properly, You have judged us properly. Lord, righteousness is Yours, but we are shamefaced, as of this day. But the nations of the world, the worshipers of foreign worship, they judge them in seven pyres of fire and in every individual pyre [they are judged for] twelve months. And the River of Fire goes out from under the Throne of Glory and descends on them and goes from one end of the world to its other end. And there are seven pyres in Gehinnom (reading "in Gehinnom" as per manuscripts) (In the Midrash Rut HaNe'elam they detailed the seven pyres. See Zohar Chadash: 33, and see also Zohar: Terumah: 150b that there is a place in Gehinnom that is called boiling excrement ..., also in Midrash Tehillim 11:6), and in each individual pyre there are six thousand houses, and in each individual house there are six thousand windows, and in each individual window there are six thousand jugs of bitterness, and all of them are prepared for the scribes and for the judges that did not act reasonably, and concerning that time Solomon said: "And in the end you roar, When your flesh and body are consumed..." (Proverbs 5:11), and not one of them escapes, unless there is Torah and good deeds in him. After all of this, the Holy One Blessed Is He has mercy on His creations, as it is said: "For I will not always contend, I will not be angry forever: Nay, I who make spirits flag, Also create the breath of life." (Isaiah 57:16).

Full source
Otzar Midrashim, The Garden of Eden; Gehinnom, The Book of Gehinnom 4Otzar Midrashim, Book of Gehinnom

Chapter One: Rabbi Yochanan opened: "Those who pass through the valley of weeping make it a spring; the early rain also covers it with blessings" (Psalms 84). This teaches that the wicked one confesses just as the leper confesses, and says, "I am so-and-so son of so-and-so; I committed a certain transgression in a certain place on a certain day before so-and-so in the presence of so-and-so and so-and-so." There are three witnesses in Gehinnom: one in the sea, one in the wilderness, one in the settled land. The one in the sea, from where? As it is said, "From the belly of Sheol I cried out; You heard my voice" (Jonah 2:3). The one in the wilderness, from where? As it is said, "And they went down alive to Sheol" (Numbers 17:33). The one in the settled land, from where? As it is said, "says the Lord, who has a fire in Zion and a furnace in Jerusalem" (Isaiah 31:9). There are five kinds of fire in Gehinnom: a fire that consumes and drinks, that drinks and does not consume, that consumes and does not drink, that neither consumes nor drinks, and there is a fire that consumes fire. In it are coals like mountains, and in it are coals like hills, in it are coals like the Salt Sea, and in it are coals like great stones. In it are rivers of pitch and of sulfur, flowing and seething; coals of broom-wood. -- When the sentence of the wicked one has been decreed, the angels of destruction thrust him upon his face, and others receive him from them and thrust him before the fire of Gehinnom, and it opens its mouth wide and swallows him, as it is said, "Therefore Sheol has enlarged its appetite and opened its mouth without limit, and her splendor and her multitude and her tumult and the one who exults in her descend into it" (ibid. 5:14). This is for one who has not in his hand a single commandment to tip him to the side of merit; but one who has in his hand Torah and good deeds, and many sufferings come upon him, is saved from the judgment of Gehinnom, as it is said, "Though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil," etc., "Your rod and Your staff, they comfort me" (Psalms 23:4). "Your rod" -- these are sufferings; "and Your staff" -- this is the Torah.

Full source
Otzar Midrashim, The Garden of Eden; Gehinnom, The Book of Gehinnom 5Otzar Midrashim, Book of Gehinnom

Chapter 2: Rabbi Yochanan opened: "But the eyes of the wicked shall fail, and they shall have no way to flee, and their hope shall be the drooping of the soul." (Job 11:20), a body that isn't destroyed and its soul leaves in a fire that doesn't extinguish, and about them the scripture says: "For their worm shall not die, neither shall their fire be quenched." (Isaiah 66:24). Said Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi: One time, I walked on the road and I found Elijah the Prophet, his memory for blessing. He said to me: Is it your desire that I place you at the gate of Gehinnom? I said to him: Yes. He showed me humans that were hanging by their noses and humans that were hanging by their hands and humans that were hanging by their tongues and humans that were hanging by their legs, and he showed me women that were hanging by their chests, and he showed me humans that were hanging by their eyes, and he showed me humans to whom they were feeding their flesh and humans to whom they were feeding hot coals of broom-wood and humans sitting alive and worms were eating them. He said to me: These are the ones that about them it is written "For their worm shall not die." (ibid.). And he showed me humans to whom they were feeding fine sand, and they were feeding them against their will and their teeth were breaking, and the Holy One Blessed Is He was saying to them: Evil ones, when you ate stolen [food], it was sweet in your mouths, and now there isn't within you the strength to eat, to fulfill that which is said: "You break the teeth of the wicked." (Psalms 3:8). And he showed me humans whom they were casting from the fire to the snow and from the snow to the fire like this shepherd who shepherds his sheep from mountain to mountain, and about them the scripture says: "Sheeplike they head for Sheol, with Death as their shepherd. The upright shall rule over them at daybreak, and their form shall waste away in Sheol till its nobility be gone." (ibid. 49:15). Said Rabbi Yochanan: Each individual angel is appointed to exact the punishment of one sin. This one comes and judges him and goes on his way, and so the second one and so the third one and so all of them until they recompense for all the sins that are in his hand. To what is the matter similar? To a debtor who had many creditors and they brought him before the king. Said to them the king: What should I do for you? Go and split it (his money) between yourselves. [So too] at that time, his soul is passed in Gehinnom to cruel angels and they split it between themselves.

Full source
Talmud, Rosh Hashanah 17aHebraic Literature (1901)

The Rabbis of Rosh Hashanah 17a sorted the afterlife into categories.

Most of the wicked, those guilty of ordinary sins, the ones who grew coarse through sensuous indulgence rather than through defiance of God, descend into Gehinnom for twelve months. A year. No longer. Then their bodies dissolve, their souls are consumed, and a wind scatters their ashes under the feet of the righteous. The prophet wrote of this moment: ye shall tread down the wicked; for they shall be as ashes (Malachi 4:3). A year of fire, and then silence.

The rabbis named another class, and for them the ledger stayed open longer. The Minim, the sectarian deceivers. The informers who handed fellow Jews to foreign powers. The Epikorsim who denied the Torah and the resurrection of the dead. Those who split off from the community to despise its customs. Those who terrorized the land of the living. Those who, like Jeroboam son of Nebat, pulled whole generations into sin.

For these, judgment runs generation after generation. As Isaiah foretold, they shall go forth and look upon the carcasses of the men that have transgressed against me (Isaiah 66:24). Gehinnom itself eventually exhausts itself. They do not.

The difference, the sages insisted, is not pleasure versus pain. It is whether a person dragged others down with him.

Full source