Parshat Vayeshev6 min read

Zebulun Refused to Eat the Day Joseph Was Sold

The brothers spread a meal beside the pit. One of them could not swallow anything, so they made him the guard and he watched the sale.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Knives Came Out at Dothan
  2. The Meal He Would Not Sit Down To
  3. Twenty Pieces of Silver and a Row of Sandals
  4. Reuben Came Back to an Empty Pit
  5. The Oath He Kept for Ninety Years
Zebulun Refused to Eat the Day Joseph Was Sold Click for full size

The Knives Came Out at Dothan

Simeon and Gad came at their brother with knives out, and they were not bluffing.

"Pity me, my brothers," Joseph said, crying while he said it. "Have mercy on the bowels of Jacob our father. Do not lay your hands on me to spill innocent blood. I have not sinned against you. And if I have sinned, then punish me with a punishment, but do not put your hand on me, for our father's sake."

Zebulun heard all of it from where he stood. He could not hold himself together. He started to weep, and his liver poured out of him and everything inside his belly came loose, and his joints shook so hard that he could not stay on his feet.

Joseph saw which brother was crying. He broke and ran and got behind Zebulun, and stood there, begging the others over the shoulder of the one man who had not gone hard.

Then Reuben spoke. Not kill him. Throw him in one of the dry pits our fathers dug out here, the ones that never came in wet. God had held the water down in those pits since the day they were dug, so that a boy dropped into one of them years later would not drown.

The Meal He Would Not Sit Down To

With the boy in the ground they spread out the food.

Bread and meat, a few paces from the mouth of the pit, ten men eating in the middle of the afternoon while the crying came up out of the rock behind them. Zebulun refused to touch any of it. He stood where he could see the opening.

Judah was watching the same opening, for a different reason. He did not trust Simeon, or Dan, or Gad to stay sitting. Any one of them could get up, walk over, and finish it.

So the brothers looked at the one who would not eat and gave him the job. Watch him, then, since you are watching anyway. Zebulun stood guard over his brother in the pit until the traders came, so when Joseph was sold he had a clear view of it.

Twenty Pieces of Silver and a Row of Sandals

The price was twenty pieces of silver, and it was a low price for a boy who looked like Joseph. He no longer did. Days in a pit with the snakes and the scorpions had taken the color out of his face and left him sallow and sick-looking, and the Midianites paid what he looked like he was worth.

Zebulun took none of it. Simeon and Gad and six of the others split the coins, and none of them would spend the money on food. "We will not eat it," they said. "It is the price of our brother's blood. We will put it under our feet instead. He told us he was going to rule over us. Now we get to see what becomes of his dreams." They went out and bought sandals with it, for themselves, for their wives, for their children, and they walked on the sale for years.

The accounting on those sandals came due in Egypt. At the gate of the governor's house, servants knelt and unfastened the straps and took the sandals off their feet before they were allowed in, and then they were made to lie flat on the ground the way men lie down in front of Pharaoh, and they were spat on while they lay there. Afterward the Egyptians learned what had been done to the governor when he was young, and the brothers had to walk that city with everyone knowing.

Reuben Came Back to an Empty Pit

Reuben had not been there for the sale. He came back for the boy and found the hole empty, and tore his clothes open where he stood.

"How am I supposed to look at my father's face?"

He grabbed the silver and ran after the caravan. He never caught it. The traders had gone off the main road and cut through the country of the cave dwellers, and Reuben came back with the money still in his hands and ate nothing that day either.

Dan had the solution ready. Stop crying, he said, we know what to tell Jacob. Kill a young goat, dip the coat in it, send the coat home and ask him to identify it. Simeon would not hand the coat over. He wanted to put his sword through it, because he was still angry that Joseph was walking around alive somewhere and he had not been the one to end it. The others closed on him and said they would tell their father that he alone had done this thing in Israel. He gave them the coat.

The Oath He Kept for Ninety Years

Before they went home they swore to each other that anyone who told their father would be killed for it, and Zebulun swore with them.

He kept it. He kept it through the years of Jacob refusing to be comforted, through the famine, through the trips down to Egypt, through the moment the governor cleared the room and said who he was. He wept about it in private for years and never once said it out loud. Then he was a hundred and fourteen years old, two years after they buried Joseph, and he called his sons in and told them that in his whole life he could not find a single thing he had done wrong except one. He had known. He had said nothing.

What he told them to do about it was not a rule about envy. Have mercy on people, he said, and on animals too. He had built the first fishing boat himself, hung a rudder off the back and rigged a sail on an upright in the middle of it, and for five years he had brought in fish along the coast and cooked them and handed them out to whoever came by hungry, strangers, sick men, old men. In a hard winter he had stolen a coat out of his own father's house because he saw a man outside with nothing on. Once he had nothing at all to give a man who needed it, so he walked seven furlongs beside him, weeping the whole way, and then he turned around and went home.


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From the tradition

Sources

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The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Testament of ZebulunTestaments of the Twelve Patriarchs

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, R. H. Charles (1917) · Public Domain

Zebulun, sixth son of Jacob and Leah, was dying in his hundred and fourteenth year, two years after Joseph. He gathered his sons and said: "I am not conscious that I have sinned all my days, save in thought. Except the sin of ignorance which I committed against Joseph, for I covenanted with my brethren not to tell my father what had been done."

He wept in secret many days. He feared his brothers, because they had all agreed that whoever revealed the secret would be killed. But when they wanted to murder Joseph outright, Zebulun adjured them with tears not to be guilty of this sin.

He described the scene. Simeon and Gad came against Joseph to kill him. Joseph spoke through tears: "Pity me, my brethren. Have mercy upon the bowels of Jacob our father. Lay not upon me your hands to shed innocent blood, for I have not sinned against you. If I have sinned, chastise me, but lay not your hand upon me for the sake of Jacob our father" (Genesis 37:21-28).

Zebulun broke. "I was unable to bear his lamentations," he said, "and I began to weep, and my liver was poured out, and all the substance of my bowels was loosened. I wept with Joseph, and my heart sounded, and the joints of my body trembled, and I was not able to stand." Joseph saw Zebulun weeping and fled behind him for protection.

Reuben intervened: "Let us not slay him, but cast him into one of these dry pits which our fathers dug and found no water." The Lord had forbidden water to rise in those pits so that Joseph might be preserved. They did so, until they sold him to the Ishmaelites.

Zebulun took no share of the price. But Simeon, Gad, and six others bought sandals with Joseph's blood money, saying: "We will not eat of it, for it is the price of our brother's blood, but we will tread it underfoot, because he said he would be king over us." Later, in Egypt, when they stood barefoot before the viceroy and prostrated themselves, those sandals were stripped from them in fulfillment of the law.

While the others sat to eat and drink after selling Joseph, Zebulun could not eat. He watched the pit. Judah feared that Simeon, Dan, and Gad would rush back and kill Joseph. When Reuben returned and found Joseph gone, he rent his garments and mourned: "How shall I look on the face of my father Jacob?" He took the money and ran after the merchants but could not find them.

Then Dan proposed the deception: "Let us slay a kid of the goats, dip Joseph's coat in its blood, and send it to Jacob, saying: Know, is this the coat of your son?" (Genesis 37:31-32). They did it. Simeon wanted to keep the coat to destroy it with his sword, furious that Joseph still lived. The others forced him to surrender it.

From this nightmare, Zebulun drew one teaching: compassion.

"Keep the commands of the Lord," he urged, "and show mercy to your neighbors, and have compassion towards all, not towards men only, but also towards beasts." He told how he was the first to make a boat and sail upon the sea, catching fish for his father's house. For five years he fished and gave to every stranger, every sick person, every aged person he found.

He saw a man naked in winter and stole a garment from his father's house to give him. "From that which God bestows upon you, show compassion and mercy without hesitation to all men," he said. "If you have not the means to give, have compassion in your bowels of mercy."

He prophesied that his sons would depart from the Lord and be scattered. But after repentance, the Lord Himself would come as the light of righteousness, redeeming all captives from Beliar, and every spirit of deceit would be trodden down. Israel would return to the land and see Him in Jerusalem.

"I shall rise again in the midst of you," Zebulun said, "as a ruler in the midst of his sons, and I shall rejoice in my tribe." He fell asleep at a good old age, and his sons laid him in a wooden coffin and buried him in Hebron with his fathers.

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Legends of the Jews 1:30Legends of the Jews

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Legends of the Jews by Louis Ginzberg (1909) · Public Domain

His own brothers, driven by jealousy, threw him into a pit. But the story doesn't end there, does it? He's pulled out, not to be rescued and returned home, but to be sold.

Here’s the kicker: the price.

In Legends of the Jews, Louis Ginzberg tells how the Midianites sold Joseph for a measly twenty pieces of silver. Just twenty!

What could you even buy with twenty pieces of silver back then? Well, apparently, enough for a pair of shoes for each of his brothers.

This detail echoes through the ages, finding its way into the words of the prophet Amos: "Thus 'they sold the righteous for silver, and the needy for a pair of shoes.'" (Amos 2:6, 8:6). It's a gut-wrenching indictment of the brothers' actions, boiling down the immense betrayal to something as commonplace as footwear.

But why so little? Joseph was known for his beauty!

Ginzberg explains that the ordeal in the pit had taken its toll. Imagine the terror, the darkness, the venomous creatures… According to the legends, the snakes and scorpions left him looking… well, not his best. His complexion was gone, replaced by a sallow, sickly pallor.

So, the Midianites felt justified in paying less. They didn't see the inner strength, the potential for greatness, the divine spark within this young man. They just saw a damaged piece of merchandise.

How easily appearances can deceive? How quickly we can undervalue someone based on superficial circumstances?

Joseph's story, even in this small detail, serves as a potent reminder. It urges us to look beyond the surface, to recognize the inherent worth in every individual, and to remember that sometimes, the most valuable things are hidden beneath layers of hardship and pain. His journey, which began with such a betrayal, would ultimately lead to redemption, not just for himself, but for his entire family. But that, as they say, is another story…

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Jasher 42Book of Jasher

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Book of Jasher, J. H. Parry edition (1887) · Public Domain

The Book of Jasher, a collection of Jewish legends and lore, fills in some of those gaps, offering a more detailed (and sometimes surprising) account.

So, the brothers have just tossed Joseph into a pit. The text says they "sat on the opposite side, about the distance of a bow-shot.to eat bread, and whilst they were eating, they held counsel together what was to be done with him." (Jasher 42:1). Enjoying a meal while debating the fate of their own brother! They considered killing him, but Judah had a slightly less…final idea.

Just then, "a company of Ishmaelites" appeared, heading to Egypt. Judah proposes, "What gain will it be to us if we slay our brother? Peradventure God will require him from us.let us dispose of him to them." (Jasher 42:3). We see a version of this in (Genesis 37:26-27). The Book of Jasher adds the motivation of fear of divine retribution! So, they decide to sell Joseph, washing their hands of the whole messy situation.

Here’s where it gets even more complicated. Before the Ishmaelites arrive, "seven trading men of Midian" show up (Jasher 42:5). Thirsty, they approach the pit, thinking it contains water. Instead, they find Joseph. According to Jasher, "every species of bird was upon him." (Jasher 42:5). An interesting detail,.

They pull him out, and his brothers immediately try to claim him as a runaway servant. The Midianites aren't buying it. "Is this your servant, or does this man attend you? Peradventure you are all his servants, for he is more comely and well favored than any of you, and why do you all speak falsely unto us?" (Jasher 42:9). They refuse to hand him over, leading to a tense standoff.

Things escalate quickly. The brothers threaten violence. But then Simeon steps up, the Book of Jasher says. He lets out a shout that shakes the earth! "And the Midianites were terrified on account of Simeon and the noise of his shouting, and they fell upon their faces, and were excessively alarmed" (Jasher 42:13). Simeon, reminding them of his (and Levi's) destruction of Shechem, basically scares them into negotiating.

The Midianites, now thoroughly intimidated, offer to buy Joseph. Clever. "Surely you have said that the young man is your servant, and that he rebelled against you, and therefore you placed him in the pit; what then will you do with a servant who rebels against his master? Now therefore sell him unto us.." (Jasher 42:17). The text notes, significantly, "the Lord was pleased to do this in order that the sons of Jacob should not slay their brother" (Jasher 42:17). It's almost like divine intervention is working behind the scenes, ensuring a (relatively) less deadly outcome.

They sell Joseph for twenty pieces of silver. But the Midianites, now on their way, start to have second thoughts. They worry they’ve bought stolen property! Just then, the Ishmaelites from the beginning of the chapter finally show up. The Midianites quickly sell Joseph again, recouping their money and passing the buck.

Now Joseph is with the Ishmaelites, headed to Egypt. And here's where the Book of Jasher really tugs at the heartstrings. As they travel, Joseph realizes where they're going and starts to weep, lamenting his separation from his father and homeland. The Ishmaelites, not exactly known for their empathy, respond by hitting him and making him walk.

the verse says, "The Lord saw the ambition of Joseph and his trouble, and the Lord brought down upon those men darkness and confusion, and the hand of every one that smote him became withered" (Jasher 42:28). The Ishmaelites, understandably freaked out, realize their misfortune is connected to Joseph.

Joseph then passes by his mother Rachel's grave. In an incredibly moving scene, he cries out to her, begging her to intercede on his behalf. "O my mother, my mother, O thou who didst give me birth, awake now, and rise and see thy son, how he has been sold for a slave, and no one to pity him" (Jasher 42:31). And here's the truly remarkable part: Joseph hears a voice from the grave! Rachel’s spirit responds, comforting him and urging him to trust in God. "My son, my son Joseph, I have heard the voice of thy weeping and the voice of thy lamentation..hope to the Lord, and wait for him and do not fear, for the Lord is with thee, he will deliver thee from all trouble" (Jasher 42:38-39).

Of course, the Ishmaelites, oblivious to this supernatural encounter, just see Joseph crying and beat him some more. But God continues to punish them with darkness and storms. Finally, they realize they need to make amends. They beg Joseph for forgiveness, and when he prays for them, the plague lifts.

They briefly consider returning Joseph to his father, but decide it's too far. Instead, they resolve to sell him for a high price in Egypt, hoping to be rid of his "evil."

What does all this tell us? The Book of Jasher paints a vivid picture of Joseph's suffering, his resilience, and the ever-present hand of God. And maybe, just maybe, our ancestors are closer than we think, listening to our cries from beyond.

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Jasher 46Book of Jasher

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Book of Jasher, J. H. Parry edition (1887) · Public Domain

It’s a universal sting, and even Joseph, the dreamer of dreams himself, wasn't immune. Book of Jasher and see how this plays out.

So, Joseph is still stuck in that Egyptian prison. The Book of Jasher tells us that at this time, Pharaoh’s cupbearer (the butler) and baker are also cooling their heels behind bars, having displeased the king. Imagine the scene: the butler pours wine, the baker presents bread.. but disaster strikes! Flies in the wine, nitre (a kind of saltpeter, basically a mineral impurity) in the bread!

Joseph, ever the resourceful one, is assigned as their attendant during their year-long confinement. One night, they both have incredibly vivid dreams. They are understandably troubled. "We dreamed a dream," they say to Joseph, "and there is no one to interpret it!" Can you feel their desperation?

Joseph, with unwavering faith, responds, "Relate, I pray you, your dream unto me, and God shall give you an answer of peace as you desire.” It's a beautiful sentiment, reflecting the idea that dream interpretation isn't just about skill, but about divine guidance.

The butler goes first. "I saw in my dream a large vine... three branches... grapes... I pressed them into a cup and gave it to Pharaoh." Simple. Not quite. Joseph interprets: "The three branches are three days. Within three days, you'll be restored to your position!" He then adds a crucial plea: "Remember me to Pharaoh! Get me out of this prison! I was stolen from Canaan!" He also insists he was wrongly accused regarding his master's wife.

The butler, overjoyed, promises to do everything Joseph asks.

Now it's the baker's turn. Seeing Joseph's success, he eagerly shares his dream: "Three white baskets on my head, filled with baked goods for Pharaoh... and birds are eating them!" Uh oh.

Joseph’s interpretation? Not so rosy. "The three baskets are three days. Within three days, Pharaoh will take off your head, and hang you on a tree, and the birds will eat your flesh.” Grim stuff.

And guess what? It all comes true. The Book of Jasher then mentions that the queen gives birth, and Pharaoh throws a massive eight-day party. A celebration filled with "musical instruments, with timbrels and with dances."

But here’s the kicker, the detail that really hits home. The butler, the one whose life Joseph saved, forgets all about him. The text explicitly states, "the butler... forgot Joseph, and he did not mention him to the king as he had promised." Ouch. It adds a theological note: "for this thing was from the Lord in order to punish Joseph because he had trusted in man." As we see in numerous places, including the Zohar and Ginzberg's Legends of the Jews, it's a recurring theme: placing complete trust in humans can lead to disappointment.

So, Joseph languishes in prison for another two years, twelve in total. Can you imagine the frustration, the despair? After all this time, and despite his gifts and faithfulness, he remains forgotten.

This chapter is a potent reminder of the unpredictability of life and the fallibility of human promises. It speaks to the pain of being overlooked, even when we’ve done everything right. And it subtly asks: where do we place our trust? In fleeting human favor, or in something more enduring?

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