Parshat Miketz5 min read

Jacob's Sons Searched Egypt's Streets for the Brother They Sold

Joseph kept clerks at the Egyptian gates to write down every arrival's name and his father's name. One morning the list gave him ten of his brothers.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. The Beds in Bilhah's Tent
  2. The Register at the Gate
  3. Ten Names in a Single Morning
  4. They Looked Where a Sold Man Ends Up
  5. They Bowed to the Man They Could Not Find
Jacob's Sons Searched Egypt's Streets for the Brother They Sold Click for full size

The Beds in Bilhah's Tent

Rachel died on the road to Ephrath and Jacob moved his sleeping mat into the tent of Bilhah, who had been Rachel's servant. Reuben, the firstborn, the son of Leah, walked into that tent and moved the beds back. He did not lie with Bilhah. He shifted the furniture so that his father would sleep where his mother slept, and he did it in the open, and word of it reached Jacob before nightfall.

Jacob did not shout. He sat with it. "One has come out of me who is profane," he said. "Ishmael came out of Abraham. Esau came out of Isaac. Now this."

The Spirit of Holiness answered him aloud. "Fear not. They are all righteous. Not one of them is profane."

Jacob counted his sons after that, and there were twelve of them, and one of the twelve was a boy in a striped coat whose brothers would strip him beside a dry pit and sell him to a caravan going down to Egypt for silver, and then dip the coat in goat's blood and carry it back to their father.

The Register at the Gate

More than twenty years later, Joseph ran the grain of Egypt. Every sack in the kingdom moved by his hand, and every stranger who came through a city gate was written down before he was fed. Joseph had put notaries at the gates for that purpose. They sat with their tablets and stopped each traveler and took two things from him: his name, and his father's name.

The lists came up to Joseph daily. He read them the way a man reads a net he has set himself, and for years the net came up empty of what he was fishing for.

Then the rains failed in Canaan, and the failure went on, and a starving old man in Hebron sent ten of his sons south to buy food.

Ten Names in a Single Morning

They came through the gate in the same hour and gave the clerks the same father. Reuben son of Jacob. Simeon son of Jacob. Levi son of Jacob. Ten times down the tablet, the same second name.

The list reached Joseph before the brothers reached the granaries. He knew where they were, he knew how many they were, and he knew which one of the twelve was missing from the line.

They Looked Where a Sold Man Ends Up

The brothers did not go to the grain. They split up first and went through the city in pieces, one man to a quarter, and they walked the streets and crossed the public squares and pushed into the lodging houses where men with no name and no money sleep. They asked after a Hebrew sold as a boy more than twenty years back, sold cheap.

They had come down to buy wheat for their father's household. They spent the first day of it hunting through the worst streets in Egypt for a brother they had left in a pit, because a man cannot buy bread in the country he sold his brother into and not look for him.

They found nothing. No one in the lodging houses had heard of him. No slave answered to the name. By evening the ten of them had walked the city end to end and come up with the same emptiness the notaries had been handing Joseph for years.

They Bowed to the Man They Could Not Find

So they went where the grain was, which was the house of the governor, and they were brought in, and they put their faces on the ground in front of the man who sold wheat to the world.

He had a scribe's list in his hand with their names on it and their father's name written ten times down the column. He let them stay on the floor. He asked them, through an interpreter, in a language he had learned as a slave, where they had come from.

They said Canaan. They said they had come to buy food. They did not say what they had been doing all day in the lodging houses, and he did not tell them that he already knew.


← All myths

From the tradition

Sources

2 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Genesis 35:22Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Genesis

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · Public Domain

The Torah gives us one sentence, and it is a scandal: Reuben went and lay with Bilhah his father's concubine (Genesis 35:22). The sages could not bear to leave it there. Reuben was Jacob's firstborn. He was supposed to inherit the priesthood and the kingship. Did he really commit so gross a sin?

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on (Genesis 35:22) reopens the case. What Reuben actually did, says the Targumist, was move his father's bed. After Rachel died, Jacob had set up his sleeping mat in the tent of Bilhah. Rachel's handmaid, rather than in the tent of Leah, Reuben's mother. Reuben, grieving for the slight to his mother, rearranged the beds so that Jacob would sleep in Leah's tent instead.

The verse calls this as if he had lain with her. The Targum insists on that as if. It was a hot-headed, disrespectful act. But it was not incest.

Still, Israel heard it, and it broke him. He cried out: Alas, that one should have come forth from me so profane, as Ishmael came forth from Abraham, and Esau from Isaac! Every patriarch, it seemed, produced one rotten son. Was this Jacob's rotten son?

Then something astonishing happens. The Ruach ha-Kodesh, the Spirit of Holiness, speaks aloud, defending Reuben. Fear not, for all are righteous and none of them is profane. All twelve tribes, declares the Spirit, are pure. Reuben included. The line of Jacob would not be broken.

This is why the Torah lists the twelve sons immediately after: the count is affirmed, the tribe of Reuben stays in, and the whole nation of Israel, flawed, furious, grieving, human, remains holy.

Full source
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Genesis 42:6Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Genesis

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · Public Domain

The Torah says Joseph's brothers arrived in Egypt and bowed before him. Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on (Genesis 42:6) inserts an astonishing middle act: before they bowed, they searched.

Registration at the city gates

First, the Aramaic paraphrase explains how Joseph knew they had come. He had stationed "notaries at the gates of the city to register daily, of every one who came, his name and the name of his father." Every caravan, every traveler, logged by name and patronymic. Joseph had been watching for his family for years. The registry was his net.

Searching the streets and the hospices

Then comes the shocking line: the brothers, once inside Egypt, "looked through all the streets, and public places, and hospices, but could not find him." They had come to buy grain, yes. But they had also come to look for Joseph. The rabbinic tradition in Bereishit Rabbah 91:6, a commentary on Genesis compiled in the Land of Israel around the fifth century CE, reads "hospices" as inns and houses of ill repute. The brothers thought Joseph, sold into slavery at seventeen, had likely ended up in the Egyptian underclass. They looked for him in the places a slave might end up.

Guilt drives the search

The Targum, which reached its final form in the Land of Israel around the seventh or eighth century CE, does not say so directly, but the implication is there. They were not looking for him out of affection. They were looking for him out of fear and belated responsibility. When they could not find him, they went to the palace and bowed to its ruler. And the ruler was the brother they had been searching for.

The takeaway

Sometimes the person we are searching for in the street is the one sitting on the throne, waiting for us to look up.

Full source