Parshat Balak5 min read

Laban Pursued Jacob to Gilead and Came Back as Balaam

He watched the cock on the ridge above the camp. When the comb went white, God was angry, and a curse could land. The comb stayed red.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. A Word Stops the Knife
  2. Moab Asks Where the Strength Lives
  3. The Price Arrives Sealed
  4. Balak Knew the Place
  5. The Comb Stayed Red

The campfires of Jacob lay below the ridge like a scatter of coals. Laban counted them. His daughters were in those tents. His grandchildren. The flocks he had worked twenty years to keep, changing the wages every time the count went against him. He flexed his fingers on the reins. He had not come to Gilead to kiss anyone.

Laban Pursued Jacob to Gilead and Came Back as Balaam Click for full size

He meant to come down in the dark and leave the hill empty by morning.

A Word Stops the Knife

He never reached the first guy-rope. In the night a word found him where he lay and pinned him to the ground. He was not to speak to Jacob, good or bad (Genesis 31:29). The hand that had been opening toward murder closed on air.

Morning made him a different man in front of witnesses. He made speeches. He kissed the children. He piled stones into a heap and called it a border, then he rode home. The watchers thought the quarrel had died on that pile of rocks.

Laban rode east with the warning still in his ears. The hunger under it did not ride home. It waited for another mouth.

Moab Asks Where the Strength Lives

The hunger did not wait politely for a new name. It put a decree in Pharaoh's mouth that drowned the boys in the Nile. It put a sword in Amalek's hand at the rear of the column, where the weak ones walked. When those failed, it looked for a tongue.

The kings of Moab stood on their walls and watched a slave people come up out of the desert. Sihon, who had seemed unbreakable, was broken. Armies folded in front of a multitude that owned no city and no gates. The wall-stones were still warm under their palms when the reports came in.

The elders spoke low. This was not swords. Moses had been raised in Midian. They sent across an old enmity and asked the Midianites what kind of man he was.

The answer came back in one line. "His strength abides in his mouth."

Moab and Midian had hated each other for years. They sat down together anyway. Against a mouth they would set a mouth.

The Price Arrives Sealed

Balak son of Zippor sent messengers north, not to a stranger. He sent them to Laban the Aramean, who lived at Pethor by the river and interpreted dreams, and who now went by another name. They called him Balaam, the Devourer of Nations.

The elders of Moab and of Midian carried the price of divinations sealed in their hands. Balaam was at the height of his work. His curse had already helped Sihon grind Moab, and his word had put Balak on a throne. Kings sent ambassadors to him as if he were a court.

He looked down from the ridge above Israel's camp, and the set of his face was the set of the man who had once counted Jacob's fires. Same hunger. New tents. He had never stopped coming.

Balak Knew the Place

In the morning Balak took him up to the high places of Baal. Balak was the greater magician of the two. He knew that Israel was due a disaster on the heights of Baalpeor. He did not know how to bring it. Balaam knew how to bring a curse. He did not know the ground.

They needed each other the way a man with a knife needs a man who knows the throat.

Balaam's gift was a clock. Once a day, in the third hour, when kings set crowns on their heads and bowed to the sun, God was angry for a single instant. Eighty-five thousand and eighty-eight such instants make an hour. No one else could catch it. While it lasted, a cock's comb went white, without a stripe of red. That was the moment a curse could land.

The Comb Stayed Red

Balaam watched the bird on the ridge. He opened his mouth and waited for the white.

The comb stayed red.

He waited through the third hour. He waited while Balak dragged him to the next high place, and the next, always a little closer to the camp, always with the bird in the corner of his eye. God did not get angry at all. Not for the length of that morning. Not for the length of the day.

The Devourer of Nations stood over the grandchildren of the man he had hunted to Gilead, and the word in his throat turned. What came out was blessing. The mouth Moab had hired to swallow Israel blessed it instead, and the hunter who had chased one family into the hill country learned, on a windy ridge above their tents, that the warning in the dark had never really let him go.


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From the tradition

Sources

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The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Legends of the Jews 6:2Legends of the Jews

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Legends of the Jews by Louis Ginzberg (1909) · Public Domain

Jewish tradition certainly hints at that possibility!

Take Balaam, for example. You know, the one hired to curse the Israelites? The Moabites and Midianites thought he was Moses' equal, a powerhouse of spiritual force. But according to the Legends of the Jews, as retold by Ginzberg, this Balaam was none other than Laban himself! Yes, that Laban – the tricky father-in-law of Jacob, who tried to wipe out Jacob and his entire family way back when. And not only that, he also stirred up Pharaoh and Amalek against the Israelites, hoping to destroy them.

That this ancient enemy keeps reappearing to threaten the Jewish people.

His very name, Balaam, is telling. It’s interpreted as "Devourer of Nations," because, well, he was really determined to devour the nation of Israel. And at this particular moment in the story, Balaam was at the PEAK of his influence. His curse had brought the Moabites defeat at the hands of Sihon, and his prophecy that Balak, his countryman, would become king had just come true. So, naturally, all the kings were sending ambassadors to him, seeking his wise… or not-so-wise… counsel.

But how did he get so powerful? Well, he started as an interpreter of dreams. Think Joseph in Egypt, but…darker. He gradually became a sorcerer, a master of the occult. And then, he achieved the even greater status of prophet. In fact, he even surpassed his own father, who was also a prophet, but not quite as famous (or infamous) as his son. The Zohar, that foundational text of Jewish mysticism, speaks often of the dark side mirroring the light. And here, we see that very clearly.

So, what does this all mean? Is it just a colorful story, a way to connect different threats to the Jewish people under one ultimate villain? Or is there something deeper here? A suggestion that evil, like good, can take many forms, but its essence remains the same? Perhaps it’s a reminder that the battles we face are not always new, but echoes of ancient struggles, requiring us to be ever vigilant. Whatever the interpretation, the story of Balaam, the "Devourer of Nations," gives us plenty to think about.

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Legends of the Jews 5:122Legends of the Jews

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Legends of the Jews by Louis Ginzberg (1909) · Public Domain

Our story begins with the Moabites, watching with growing unease as Israel triumphs over their enemies. But they knew it wasn't just military might at play. It was. something else. Something more.

"How are they doing this?" they must have wondered. According to Legends of the Jews, the Moabites believed Israel's victories were achieved through supernatural means. And they were determined to understand the source of this power.

Their logic? Moses, the leader of Israel, had been raised in Midian. "Let us therefore inquire of the Midianites about his characteristics," they said. A reasonable plan. The elders of Midian, when consulted, delivered a cryptic but crucial piece of information: "His strength abides in his mouth." In other words, Moses' power lay in his ability to speak, to command, perhaps even to invoke divine favor through prayer and pronouncements.

The Moabites, now armed with this knowledge, devised a cunning counter-strategy. "Then," they reasoned, "we shall oppose to him a man whose strength lies in his mouth as well." Their solution? To enlist the services of Balaam, a prophet known for the power of his words, for his blessings and curses.

This is where things get really interesting, and a little… strange. The union of Moab and Midian, two nations historically at odds, highlights the desperation of their situation. Legends of the Jews uses a striking proverb to illustrate this unlikely alliance: "Weasel and Cat had a feast of rejoicing over the flesh of the unfortunate Dog." for a second. The weasel and the cat, natural enemies, setting aside their differences to feast on a common foe. There had always been irreconcilable enmity between Moab and Midian, yet they united to bring ruin upon Israel, just as the weasel and cat united to put an end to their common enemy, the dog.

It’s a stark reminder that fear and perceived threats can drive even the most bitter rivals into each other's arms. What does that say about the choices we make when we feel threatened? What unlikely alliances might we be willing to forge, and at what cost? It's a question that echoes through the ages, and one that perhaps, we should all be asking ourselves today.

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Targum Jonathan on Numbers 22Targum Jonathan

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862 · Public Domain

The Targum's version of (Numbers 22) drops a bombshell in its opening verses that the Torah never states directly. Balak sent messengers not just to some foreign sorcerer, but to "Laban the Aramean, who was Bileam." The Targum identifies Bileam as the patriarch Jacob's old enemy Laban, reimagined across generations. His very name is decoded: "Bileam" because biluva means "to swallow up" and amma means "the people", he was the one who sought to devour Israel. His father Beor is described as "insane from the vastness of his knowledge," and his home at Pethor meant "interpreter of dreams."

Balak himself was not even Moabite. The Targum reveals he was a Midianite ruling Moab by a power-sharing arrangement: "so was the tradition among them, to have kings from this people and from that, by turns." This single detail reframes the entire Balak-Bileam conspiracy as a Midianite operation.

The elders who approached Bileam carried "the price of divinations sealed up in their hands", payment wrapped and ready. When God told Bileam not to go, Bileam told the princes it was "not pleasing before the Lord to permit me to journey with you." He framed divine prohibition as mere inconvenience.

The talking donkey episode contains the Targum's most famous addition. Ten things were created at twilight on the eve of the first Sabbath, after creation was already complete: the manna, the well, Moses's rod, the shamir diamond, the rainbow, the Cloud of Glory, the mouth of the earth that would swallow Korah, the writing on the tablets of the covenant, the demons, and the speaking donkey. The donkey's speech itself was devastating. She told Bileam: "If you cannot even curse me, an unclean beast who will die and never enter the world to come, how can you possibly harm the children of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, for whose sake the entire world was created?"

Bileam's two servants are named: Jannes and Jambres, the same sorcerers tradition identifies as Pharaoh's magicians in Egypt. The narrow path where the angel stood was the very spot where Jacob and Laban had once built their boundary pillar, a covenant that neither would cross to harm the other. Bileam was literally violating his own ancestor's treaty.

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Legends of the Jews 6:34Legends of the Jews

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Legends of the Jews by Louis Ginzberg (1909) · Public Domain

The next morning, after their initial failed attempts to curse the Israelites, Balak, the king of Moab, took Balaam to the high places of Baal. Balak fancied himself quite the magician too – even more so than Balaam! Why there? Well, Balak, through his own magical knowledge, believed that Israel was destined to suffer a great misfortune at Baal-peor. He hoped Balaam's curse would trigger this disaster.

Their relationship was…peculiar. The Midrash (rabbinic interpretive commentary) describes them as two halves of a dangerous whole. One man holds a knife but doesn't know where to strike. The other knows the vulnerable spot but lacks the weapon. Balak knew the place of Israel's potential downfall, but he didn't know how to bring it about. Balaam, on the other hand, knew the art of conjuring evil, but he needed Balak to guide him to the right location.

So what made Balaam so special? What gave him the edge over other magicians? The answer, according to tradition, was his uncanny ability to pinpoint the exact moment when God is wrathful. His curses were effective because he knew precisely when to unleash them – at the very instant of divine anger.

The Talmud (Avodah Zarah 4b) tells us that God is angry for a fleeting moment each day, specifically during the third hour, when kings remove their crowns to worship the sun. But this moment is infinitesimally brief. How brief? Consider this: Eighty-five thousand and eighty-eight such moments make up just one hour! Only Balaam, it was said, could accurately identify that moment.

Tradition states this moment has outward signs. According to Ginzberg's retelling in Legends of the Jews, when it lasts, the comb of a rooster turns completely white, without a single speck of red. Spooky. But here’s where the story takes a beautiful turn. God’s love for Israel is so immense that during the entire time Balaam was preparing his curses, He simply…didn’t get angry. Balaam waited and waited, but the moment of wrath never came. So, Balaam's curse was ineffective, as God's love shielded the Israelites.

What does this all mean? Perhaps it shows us the power of divine protection. Or maybe it highlights the futility of evil when confronted with unwavering love. It certainly reminds us that even the most skilled evildoer can be thwarted by a force greater than themselves. It's a story of magic, curses, and ultimately, the enduring power of love.

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