Parshat Nitzavim6 min read

The Gods Fled the Fire and the Angels Brought Them Back

At the end of days the nations are tried beside their idols, and when the carved gods fly out of the flame, angels go up after them with chains.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Collars and Chains for the Gods That Ran
  2. The Stars Came Down Out of Their Courses
  3. David Asks for the City That Torments
  4. Esau Wraps Himself Like a Lion
  5. The Beam and the Emptied Quiver

The fire was already burning when the nations came up the road, and their gods came up the road behind them.

The Gods Fled the Fire and the Angels Brought Them Back Click for full size

God had promised a judgment by fire, and the peoples had understood that to mean the peoples. Nobody had told the carved things. They came anyway, roped at the neck and hauled on sledges, the small household gods of baked clay, the civic ones with gilded beards and silver eyes, the great seated ones that eight men had carried out of their temples into the ash. Whatever a mouth had ever prayed to stood in the open now, waiting to answer for the praying.

Collars and Chains for the Gods That Ran

The first rank went into the flame and could not stand in it. Seams split. Silver ran. And because a thing that cannot stand will do the one other thing left to it, the idols went up. They flew. Out of the fire and over the heads of the people who had shaped them, the whole carved population of the world rising like startled birds.

God sent angels after them. The angels carried collars and chains, the kind a herdsman keeps for an animal that will not be led, and they took the gods out of the air one at a time. A collar around a marble throat. A chain through the eye socket of a bronze bull. They brought them down and threw them into the middle of the burning, and this time nothing flew.

The nations watched their gods come back to them in irons.

The Stars Came Down Out of Their Courses

Fire had done this work before, in the valley of the Kishon.

Sisera had ground Israel down for twenty years, and the iron was never the worst of it. The worst came out of his mouth, revilings against the people and blasphemies against the One who had given him the chariots. So the answer came as fire. Not lightning, not hail. The stars left their fixed courses and came down and fought him (Judges 5:20), burning out of the sky he had been shouting at.

David Asks for the City That Torments

Long before that fire, a man sat with a harp across his knees and asked for a city.

"Who will lead me to the fortified city?" said David. The city he wanted had no walls yet and no name in any mouth. Rome. Fortified on every side, fortified out of the treasuries of every nation that fed it, a city that would torment Israel and by the tormenting drive them back and make them hard to break.

"If only I could exact the punishment myself," David said.

God asked whether he was equal to it.

"The One who already gave me dominion over Edom will give me dominion over this great one." He had set netzivim through Edom, officers by one reading of the word and statues by another, David in stone at the crossroads of his enemy's country.

"I know your hands are quick," God said, "and I want My world subdued by them." Then the rest of it. "David, I need Edom for the generations."

The same refusal had already gone to Moses, who wanted to march through Edom and finish the matter there. "You have circled this mountain enough" (Deuteronomy 2:3). It sounded like release. It was an order to keep circling. The account stayed open.

Esau Wraps Himself Like a Lion

It stayed open until the day of the fire, and on that day the reckoning came for Esau.

He did not run and he did not deny. He took up a tallit (טלית), a prayer-shawl, and wrapped himself in it the way a lion folds itself down into tall grass, all that weight going low and quiet, and sat down beside Jacob.

He had a claim. The same grandfather had been taken outside one night and told to look toward heaven and count the stars (Genesis 15:5), and Esau was under that sky too. He sat close, a brother arriving late at a family table.

Jacob did not move over.

"My brother," Jacob said, "you will not be like me."

"Your own decrees are burning in that fire. You decreed that I bow to idols. Bow, and Heaven takes my life. Refuse, and you take it. My brother, your words are death. My brother, your ruin is Sheol."

The prayer-shawl did not help him. Esau went down to Sheol (the pit of the dead), where his own sentence had been waiting, and Jacob was left alone.

The Beam and the Emptied Quiver

Two parts of the land were cut off and died, and the third was left (Zechariah 13:8), and the third was Israel.

Everything that had ever been overturned stayed overturned. The generation of the flood was blotted out and never recovered. Sodom went over and remained over. Egypt went into the water and not so much as one of them came out. Babylon lost its name and its remnant and its posterity, and none of the four ever stood again.

Israel fell and stood, fell and stood. "Rejoice not over me, my enemy," the assembly said out of the dirt. "Though I have fallen, I shall arise" (Micah 7:8).

God said it plainly. "I have never struck a nation and struck it a second time. My arrows are spent on you, and you are not consumed."

Out in a field a strong man had planted a beam upright in the ground, walked off his distance, and shot at it until his quiver was empty. The arrows lay all around the foot of the beam, shafts snapped, iron bent back on itself. The beam stood where he had set it.

Around what was left of Israel the fire that had eaten the gods came in close and stopped being a judgment. It rose on every side and became a wall, and the glory stayed inside it, and in all that light there was no foreign god at all.


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From the tradition

Sources

4 sources

The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Shoftim 10:1Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Shoftim

Translation of the source text.Midrash Tanchuma (Buber), Public Domain, on Sefaria · CC-BY-SA

(Psalm 97:7, end:) "ALL GODS BOW DOWN TO HIM." When He judges the peoples of the world, He will judge their gods along with them, as it is stated (in Isaiah 66:16): "FOR IN FIRE WILL THE LORD EXECUTE JUDGMENT…." Since they are unable to stand in the fire, they fly away. Then the Holy One, blessed be He, sends out angels with collars and chains, and they cast them into the midst of the fire, as it is stated (in Malachi 3:19): "AND THE DAY THAT COMES SHALL SET THEM ABLAZE…."

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Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Tzav 4:2Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Tzav

Translation of the source text.Midrash Tanchuma (Buber), Public Domain, on Sefaria · CC-BY-SA

And Sisera, who blasphemed, for it is written of him, "And he oppressed the children of Israel with might" (Judges 4:3), that is, with revilings and with blasphemies, therefore he was judged by fire, as it is said, "From the heavens the stars fought; from their courses they fought with Sisera" (Judges 5:20). And in the world to come, when the Holy One, blessed be He, comes to exact punishment from Esau, what did Esau do? He wraps himself in his prayer-shawl like a lion, and comes and seats himself beside Jacob, as it is said, "Look now toward the heavens and count the stars [… so shall your seed be]" (Genesis 15:5). And Jacob says to him: My brother, you shall not be like me, as it is said, "My brother, your words are death; my brother, your destruction is Sheol" (Hosea 13:14). The decrees that you were decreeing against me, you were decreeing against me that I should serve idolatry. Had I done so, I would have been liable to death at the hands of Heaven; and had I not served, you would have killed me. Therefore, "My brother, your words are death; my brother, your destruction (qetev) is Sheol", in the language of "Hellenisti." When Esau goes down to Sheol, Jacob remains by himself, as it is said, "And it shall come to pass throughout all the land, says the LORD, that two parts in it [shall be cut off and die, but the third shall be left therein]" (Zechariah 13:8). And "the third" is none other than Israel, as it is said, "Israel shall be a third, etc." (Isaiah 19:24). And Israel, because they made themselves despised and lowly, are comforted with fire, as it is said, "And I will be to her, says the LORD, a wall of fire round about, and I will be for glory in her midst" (Zechariah 2:9). When Esau departs from the world, the Holy One, blessed be He, [and Israel remain, as it is said, "One alone is my dove, my perfect one" (Song of Songs 6:9), and it says,] "The LORD alone did lead him, and there was no foreign god with Him" (Deuteronomy 32:12).

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Devarim Rabbah 1:16Devarim Rabbah

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.The Sefaria Midrash Rabbah, 2022 · CC-BY

In the very first section, the rabbis confront the verse, "You have circled this mountain enough" (Deuteronomy 2:3). What does it mean to circle a mountain "enough?" They see in this verse a deeper struggle, a timeless conflict.

The rabbis connect this verse to another, from (Psalm 60:11): "Who will lead me to the fortified city (matzor)?" And The rabbis identify this "fortified city" as none other than Rome. But why would King David, centuries before Rome's rise to power, be yearning to conquer it?

Well, the rabbis aren't just talking about a physical city. They're talking about an empire, a symbol of oppression and exile. They play on the word matzor, "fortified," pointing out that it sounds like shemetzera, "that which torments." Rome, they say, is a city that "torments and fortifies Israel." How so? By causing them to repent, which thereby fortifies them! That even in suffering, there's a path to strength.

The text goes on, offering other interpretations of "fortified city." It's a city fortified on all sides, impossible to conquer. It's a city that everyone fortifies, an empire drawing on the resources of many nations.

Rabbi Yoḥanan imagines David yearning, crying out, "If only I could exact punishment against it!" But can David, can anyone, truly overcome such a power? God responds, in this midrashic (rabbinic interpretive commentary) retelling, by asking David if he's truly up to the task.

David replies, "The One who already gave me dominion over Edom, He will give me dominion over this great one!" He argues that if God helped him conquer Edom, surely He can help him conquer Rome.

Where does this idea of David's dominion over Edom come from? The text points to II (Samuel 8:14): "David placed netzivim in Edom." Now, netzivim is a tricky word. Rabbi Simon says it means "officials." But other Rabbis say it means "statues" – statues of David! Statues of David, a constant reminder of his power, standing in the heart of Edom.

Rabbi Yehuda ben Rabbi Simon adds a beautiful layer. God says to David, "I know that your hands are quick and industrious, and I seek to subdue My world with them." It's a powerful image: God entrusting David with the task of shaping the world. But then, God adds, "David, I need them [Edom] for the generations."

Here's a twist. Moses himself sought to confront Edom, but God stopped him, saying, "You have circled this mountain enough (rav laḥem)." The text interprets this as God telling Moses to command the Israelites to circle the mountain. In other words, not every battle is meant to be fought head-on. Sometimes, circling, waiting, is the right path.

So, what does it all mean? This passage from Devarim Rabbah isn't just about Rome, or Edom, or even King David. The seemingly insurmountable obstacles that loom before us like fortified cities. It's about recognizing that sometimes, the path to victory isn't a direct assault, but a patient circling, a willingness to learn and grow from the very things that oppress us. It’s about trusting that even when we feel like we’re going in circles, we are still on a path, guided by something larger than ourselves. And perhaps, most importantly, it's about understanding that even in our struggles, we are part of a larger story, a story that stretches back to Moses and David, and continues on through us.

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Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Nitzavim 1:1Midrash Tanchuma Buber, Nitzavim

Translation of the source text.Midrash Tanchuma (Buber), Public Domain, on Sefaria · CC-BY-SA

"You are standing today, all of you" (Deuteronomy 29:9). This is what Scripture says: "The wicked are overturned and are no more, but the house of the righteous shall stand" (Proverbs 12:7). Whenever the Holy One, blessed be He, looks upon the deeds of the wicked and overturns them, they have no recovery. He overturned the deeds of the generation of the Flood, and there was no recovery for them. What is written concerning them? "And He blotted out every living thing" (Genesis 7:23). He overturned the deeds of the men of Sodom, and there was no recovery for them, as it is said, "And He overturned those cities" (Genesis 19:25). He overturned the deeds of the Egyptians, and there was no recovery for them, as it is said, "There remained not so much as one of them" (Exodus 14:28). He overturned the deeds of Babylon, and there was no recovery for them, as it is said, "And I will cut off from Babylon name and remnant, and offspring and posterity" (Isaiah 14:22). And concerning all of them David said, "There the workers of iniquity have fallen; they are thrust down and are not able to rise" (Psalms 36:13). But Israel falls and stands again, as it is said, "Rejoice not over me, O my enemy; though I have fallen, I shall arise" (Micah 7:8). And it says, "For I the Lord do not change, and you, O children of Jacob, are not consumed" (Malachi 3:6). Rabbi Hanina bar Pappa said: The Holy One, blessed be He, said: Never have I smitten a nation and repeated it against them, but you, O children of Jacob, are not consumed, as it is said, "I will spend My arrows upon them" (Deuteronomy 32:23), My arrows are spent, but they are not consumed. And so the Assembly of Israel said, "He has bent His bow and set me as a target for the arrow" (Lamentations 3:12). To what may the matter be compared? To a mighty man who set up a beam and shot arrows at it; the arrows are spent, but the beam stands. So too with Israel: whenever sufferings come upon them, the sufferings are spent, and they stand in their place. Therefore it is said, "The wicked are overturned and are no more" (Proverbs 12:7).

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