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Sukkot Lamps Lit Every Courtyard in Jerusalem

Four golden lampstands made Jerusalem glow at the water drawing. Beyond that joy, God Himself will teach Torah by heart.

Curated by Arthur · Told by Maggid ·
Table of Contents
  1. Ladders into Gold
  2. Torches and Steps
  3. Joy as Worship
  4. The Teacher Beyond the Festival
  5. From Courtyard to Heart
Sukkot Lamps Lit Every Courtyard in Jerusalem Click for full size

Ladders into Gold

On the nights of Sukkot (the autumn festival of booths) the Court of the Women held four giant golden lampstands, each crowned with four golden bowls. Four ladders leaned against them. Four young priests climbed with cruses of oil, each cruse holding one hundred and twenty log. The wicks were cut from the worn drawers and girdles of the priests themselves, cloth that had served at the altar and now burned as light.

When the bowls caught, there was not a courtyard in all Jerusalem that stayed dark. The Rejoicing of the House of the Water Drawing turned the city into one room with many windows. Alleys that knew only shadow for most of the year suddenly shared the glow of the Temple courts. A child far from the steps could still see the gold reflected on a neighbor's wall.

Torches and Steps

Holy men danced with flaming torches in their hands, turning in circles until sparks wrote brief letters in the air. Levites stood on the fifteen steps between the Court of Israel and the Court of the Women with harps, lyres, cymbals, trumpets, and instruments without number. At the upper gate two priests held silver trumpets. When the rooster crowed they blew a long blast, a broken blast, a long blast. The procession moved east, sounding every few steps, as if the city itself were being counted by sound.

At the East Gate they turned west toward the Temple and said what the night required. "Our fathers stood here and turned their backs to the Temple, faces to the rising sun. We, our eyes are toward God." Rabbi Yehudah has them repeat it: "We are for God, and unto God are our eyes directed." The words corrected a history of sun-worship with bodies still warm from dancing.

Joy as Worship

The light was not decoration. It was argument. The ancestors had chased a star with their backs to the Presence. These nights faced the House and burned oil until the poorest alley shared the glow. Song and dance became the form of loyalty. A city learned that joy can be a kind of prayer when it refuses the sun-cult of the past and keeps its eyes on the place of the Name.

Children who could not enter the inner courts still saw their walls turn gold. The festival made privacy public for a few nights each year. Pilgrims who left after the week carried the afterimage of gold on ordinary walls and kept a small lamp longer than thrift required, as if the Court of the Women had loaned them a habit of light.

The Teacher Beyond the Festival

Far past the last trumpet of those nights, another promise waits. God told Abraham that as Abraham taught his household Torah in this world, God Himself would teach all Israel in the World to Come, and they would not forget, because the teaching would be written on the heart. Joel's outpouring of spirit, Isaiah's disciples of the Lord, Jeremiah's Torah in the inward parts, all are read as that future classroom where the Teacher is not a sage on a ladder but the Holy One.

The festival lamps are a rehearsal of attention. The final study hall is attention made permanent, with no courtyard left in shadow because the light is no longer only oil in bowls. Prophecy's wide pour narrows through history, but the promise of direct teaching widens again at the end.

From Courtyard to Heart

Jerusalem once glowed because priests climbed with oil and Levites would not stop playing. The same people is promised a day when no one forgets a page, because the page is written inside. Between those two lights stands every ordinary night of learning that still turns a face toward the House instead of toward a borrowed sun.

The wicks were once priests' old clothes. The last wick is a heart that no longer goes dark between festivals. Every night of study is a quieter water drawing: eyes turned the right way, waiting for a light that does not go out when the rooster crows and the silver trumpets fall silent.

Between the last festival torch and the final written heart stands a long chain of ordinary nights. Someone opens a book after work. Someone repeats a verse to a child. Someone turns a face toward the place of the Name when it would be easier to face a brighter fashion. Those small turns are how the water drawing continues without silver trumpets.

The promise that God will teach does not cancel those small lamps. It completes them. Festival joy faces the House instead of the sun. Final study needs no ladder because the oil is no longer outside the person. The city that once glowed from four giant stands is training for a light that does not depend on bowls, ladders, or the crow of a rooster.


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From the tradition

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The texts behind this telling. Some cards carry a translation of the source; others are our own retelling of it, and each card says which. Every card links out to the original.

Hebraic Literature (1901), Talmud, Sukkah 51a–52a (Sukkah, fol. 51)Hebraic Literature (1901)

Retold in our words. Read the original at the link below.Project Gutenberg eBook #14368, Hebraic Literature · PD-US-pre-1929

During the nights of Sukkot, the Second Temple in Jerusalem lit up like nothing the world had ever seen. In the Court of the Women stood four giant golden lamp-stands, each crowned with four golden bowls. Four ladders reached up to the bowls, and four young priests climbed them with cruses of oil, each cruse holding one hundred and twenty log of oil. The wicks were woven from the worn-out drawers and girdles of the priests themselves.

When the lamps blazed, the Talmud (Sukkah 53a) tells us, there was not a single courtyard in all of Jerusalem that did not glow with the light of the Simchat Beit HaShoevah, the Rejoicing of the House of the Water Drawing. Holy men and men of dignity danced before the crowds with flaming torches in their hands, rehearsing songs and shouting praises. The Levites with harps, lyres, cymbals, trumpets, and instruments without number stood on the fifteen steps leading from the Court of Israel to the Court of the Women. They played. They sang.

At the top of the steps, two priests stood at the upper gate with silver trumpets. As soon as the rooster crowed, they blew one long blast, one broken blast, and one long blast, the signal for the water drawing to begin. Then the whole procession moved east, trumpets sounding every few steps. When they reached the East Gate, they turned their faces west toward the Temple and declared: "Our fathers, who once stood in this place, turned their backs to the Temple and their faces to the east, to worship the rising sun. But we, our eyes are toward God!"

Rabbi Yehudah says they repeated the words, echoing: "We are for God, and unto God are our eyes directed." The scene, preserved in the 1901 anthology Hebraic Literature, captures something Judaism has spent two thousand years trying to remember: joy is a form of worship, and light is a form of prayer. The ancestors had turned their backs to the Presence to chase a star. The Rabbis turned their faces back.

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Bereshit Rabbah 49:2Bereshit Rabbah

Translation of the source text.Midrash Rabbah -- TE · Public Domain

It is written: "The secret of the LORD is with them that fear Him, and His covenant, to make them know it" (Psalms 25:14). What is the secret of the LORD? This is circumcision, for He did not reveal it from Adam until twenty generations, until Abraham arose and He gave it to him, as it is said: "And I will make My covenant between Me and you" (Genesis 17:2). The Holy One, blessed be He, said to him: If you circumcise yourself, you will receive the secret of the LORD. What is "the secret of the LORD"? The letter samekh stands for sixty, the letter vav for six, the letter dalet for four - that is seventy [reading the word "sod," secret, as a numerical cipher whose plain meaning is simply "secret"]. Seventy I will raise up from you in the merit of circumcision, as it is said: "With seventy persons your fathers went down" (Deuteronomy 10:22). I will raise up from them seventy elders, as it is said: "Gather to Me seventy men of the elders of Israel" (Numbers 11:16). And I will raise up from them Moses, who expounds the Torah in seventy languages, as it is said: "Moses began to declare" and so forth (Deuteronomy 1:5). In whose merit? In the merit of circumcision, as it is said: "The secret of the LORD is with them that fear Him."

The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Abraham: It is enough for a servant to be like his master. Abraham said before Him: And who will circumcise me? He said: You yourself. Immediately Abraham took a knife and was gripping his foreskin and came to cut, but he was afraid because he was old. What did the Holy One, blessed be He, do? He put forth His hand and held it together with him, and Abraham cut, as it is said: "You are the LORD the God, who chose Abram" and so forth (Nehemiah 9:7). "And You made a covenant with him" is not written here, but rather "And You made the covenant together with him" - this teaches that the Holy One, blessed be He, was holding him.

Another interpretation: "The secret of the LORD is with them that fear Him." Initially the secret of the LORD was with those who fear Him, and afterward with the upright: "And His secret is with the upright" (Proverbs 3:32); and afterward with the prophets: "For the Lord GOD will do nothing, but He reveals His secret to His servants the prophets" (Amos 3:7). The Holy One, blessed be He, said: This Abraham is one who fears God, as it is said: "Now I know that you fear God" (Genesis 22:12).

This Abraham is upright, among the upright, as it is said: "The upright love You" (Song of Songs 1:4). This Abraham is a prophet, as it is said: "And now restore the man's wife, for he is a prophet" (Genesis 20:7) - and shall I not reveal it to him? Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: This may be compared to a king who gave an estate to his friend. After a time the king wished to cut down from within it five barren trees. The king said: Were I to ask for it from his own private property, he would not object, and what is the matter in this? Yet he consulted with him.

So too the Holy One, blessed be He, said: I have already given the land as a gift to Abraham, as it is said: "To your seed I have given this land" (Genesis 15:18), and these five cities are within his portion. Were I to ask for it from his own private property, he would not object to me, and what is the matter in this? Yet He consulted with him.

Rabbi Yehudah son of Rabbi Simon said: This may be compared to a king who had three friends, and he would do nothing without their counsel. Once the king wished to do something without their counsel. He took the first and drove him out, sending him outside the palace; the second he imprisoned in the house of confinement and placed his decrees upon him; the third, who was exceedingly dear to him, he said: I will do nothing without his counsel.

So too: the first man, Adam - "And He drove out the man" (Genesis 3:24); Noah - "And the LORD shut him in" (Genesis 7:16); Abraham, who was exceedingly dear to Him - He said: How shall I do anything without his counsel? Rabbi Shmuel bar Nachman said: This may be compared to a king who had a single counselor, and he would do nothing without his counsel. Once the king wished to do something without his counsel. The king said: Did I make him my counselor for anything other than that I should do nothing without his counsel?

Rabbi Yudan said: The Holy One, blessed be He, said: Behold, Lot the son of his brother is there, and shall I not reveal it to him? And the Rabbis say: I have already called him their father, as it is said: "For the father of a multitude of nations have I made you" (Genesis 17:5), and one may judge the son apart from the father.

The giving of the Torah - I revealed it to him. Gehenna - I revealed it to him. The judgment of Sodom on the morrow - and shall I not reveal it to him? Rabbi Acha in the name of Rabbi Shmuel bar Nachman in the name of Rabbi Natan said: Even the laws of the joining of courtyards Abraham knew.

Rabbi Pinchas in the name of Rabbi Shmuel said: Even the new name that the Holy One, blessed be He, is destined to call Jerusalem, as it is said: "At that time they shall call Jerusalem the throne of the LORD" (Jeremiah 3:17), Abraham knew. Rabbi Berekhyah and Rabbi Chiyya and the Rabbis there in the name of Rabbi Yehudah said: There is no day on which the Holy One, blessed be He, does not innovate a law in the court on high. What is the reason? "Hear attentively the noise of His voice, and the sound that goes out of His mouth" (Job 37:2), and "sound" means nothing other than Torah, as it is said: "And you shall meditate therein day and night" (Joshua 1:8). Even those laws Abraham knew.

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